refactor: move brother_node development artifact to dev/test-nodes subdirectory

Development Artifact Cleanup:
✅ BROTHER_NODE REORGANIZATION: Moved development test node to appropriate location
- dev/test-nodes/brother_node/: Moved from root directory for better organization
- Contains development configuration, test logs, and test chain data
- No impact on production systems - purely development/testing artifact

✅ DEVELOPMENT ARTIFACTS IDENTIFIED:
- Chain ID: aitbc-brother-chain (test/development chain)
- Ports: 8010 (P2P) and 8011 (RPC) - different from production
- Environment: .env file with test configuration
- Logs: rpc.log and node.log from development testing session (March 15, 2026)

✅ ROOT DIRECTORY CLEANUP: Removed development clutter from production directory
- brother_node/ moved to dev/test-nodes/brother_node/
- Root directory now contains only production-ready components
- Development artifacts properly organized in dev/ subdirectory

DIRECTORY STRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT:
📁 dev/test-nodes/: Development and testing node configurations
🏗️ Root Directory: Clean production structure with only essential components
🧪 Development Isolation: Test environments separated from production

BENEFITS:
✅ Clean Production Directory: No development artifacts in root
✅ Better Organization: Development nodes grouped in dev/ subdirectory
✅ Clear Separation: Production vs development environments clearly distinguished
✅ Maintainability: Easier to identify and manage development components

RESULT: Successfully moved brother_node development artifact to dev/test-nodes/ subdirectory, cleaning up the root directory while preserving development testing environment for future use.

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/_version.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+/* Do NOT modify this file; see /src.ts/_admin/update-version.ts */
+
+/**
+ *  The current version of Ethers.
+ */
+export const version: string = "6.16.0";

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/abi/abi-coder.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+/**
+ *  When sending values to or receiving values from a [[Contract]], the
+ *  data is generally encoded using the [ABI standard](link-solc-abi).
+ *
+ *  The AbiCoder provides a utility to encode values to ABI data and
+ *  decode values from ABI data.
+ *
+ *  Most of the time, developers should favour the [[Contract]] class,
+ *  which further abstracts a lot of the finer details of ABI data.
+ *
+ *  @_section api/abi/abi-coder:ABI Encoding
+ */
+
+// See: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Ethereum-Contract-ABI
+
+import { assertArgumentCount, assertArgument } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { Coder, Reader, Result, Writer } from "./coders/abstract-coder.js";
+import { AddressCoder } from "./coders/address.js";
+import { ArrayCoder } from "./coders/array.js";
+import { BooleanCoder } from "./coders/boolean.js";
+import { BytesCoder } from "./coders/bytes.js";
+import { FixedBytesCoder } from "./coders/fixed-bytes.js";
+import { NullCoder } from "./coders/null.js";
+import { NumberCoder } from "./coders/number.js";
+import { StringCoder } from "./coders/string.js";
+import { TupleCoder } from "./coders/tuple.js";
+import { ParamType } from "./fragments.js";
+
+import { getAddress } from "../address/index.js";
+import { getBytes, hexlify, makeError } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type {
+    BytesLike,
+    CallExceptionAction, CallExceptionError, CallExceptionTransaction
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+// https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.17/control-structures.html
+const PanicReasons: Map<number, string> = new Map();
+PanicReasons.set(0x00, "GENERIC_PANIC");
+PanicReasons.set(0x01, "ASSERT_FALSE");
+PanicReasons.set(0x11, "OVERFLOW");
+PanicReasons.set(0x12, "DIVIDE_BY_ZERO");
+PanicReasons.set(0x21, "ENUM_RANGE_ERROR");
+PanicReasons.set(0x22, "BAD_STORAGE_DATA");
+PanicReasons.set(0x31, "STACK_UNDERFLOW");
+PanicReasons.set(0x32, "ARRAY_RANGE_ERROR");
+PanicReasons.set(0x41, "OUT_OF_MEMORY");
+PanicReasons.set(0x51, "UNINITIALIZED_FUNCTION_CALL");
+
+const paramTypeBytes = new RegExp(/^bytes([0-9]*)$/);
+const paramTypeNumber = new RegExp(/^(u?int)([0-9]*)$/);
+
+
+let defaultCoder: null | AbiCoder = null;
+let defaultMaxInflation = 1024;
+
+function getBuiltinCallException(action: CallExceptionAction, tx: { to?: null | string, from?: null | string, data?: string }, data: null | BytesLike, abiCoder: AbiCoder): CallExceptionError {
+    let message = "missing revert data";
+
+    let reason: null | string = null;
+    const invocation = null;
+    let revert: null | { signature: string, name: string, args: Array<any> } = null;
+
+    if (data) {
+        message = "execution reverted";
+
+        const bytes = getBytes(data);
+        data = hexlify(data);
+
+        if (bytes.length === 0) {
+            message += " (no data present; likely require(false) occurred";
+            reason = "require(false)";
+
+        } else if (bytes.length % 32 !== 4) {
+            message += " (could not decode reason; invalid data length)";
+
+        } else if (hexlify(bytes.slice(0, 4)) === "0x08c379a0") {
+            // Error(string)
+            try {
+                reason = abiCoder.decode([ "string" ], bytes.slice(4))[0]
+                revert = {
+                    signature: "Error(string)",
+                    name: "Error",
+                    args: [ reason ]
+                };
+                message += `: ${ JSON.stringify(reason) }`;
+
+            } catch (error) {
+                message += " (could not decode reason; invalid string data)";
+            }
+
+        } else if (hexlify(bytes.slice(0, 4)) === "0x4e487b71") {
+            // Panic(uint256)
+            try {
+                const code = Number(abiCoder.decode([ "uint256" ], bytes.slice(4))[0]);
+                revert = {
+                    signature: "Panic(uint256)",
+                    name: "Panic",
+                    args: [ code ]
+                };
+                reason = `Panic due to ${ PanicReasons.get(code) || "UNKNOWN" }(${ code })`;
+                message += `: ${ reason }`;
+            } catch (error) {
+                message += " (could not decode panic code)";
+            }
+        } else {
+            message += " (unknown custom error)";
+        }
+    }
+
+    const transaction: CallExceptionTransaction = {
+        to: (tx.to ? getAddress(tx.to): null),
+        data: (tx.data || "0x")
+    };
+    if (tx.from) { transaction.from = getAddress(tx.from); }
+
+    return makeError(message, "CALL_EXCEPTION", {
+        action, data, reason, transaction, invocation, revert
+    });
+}
+
+/**
+ *  The **AbiCoder** is a low-level class responsible for encoding JavaScript
+ *  values into binary data and decoding binary data into JavaScript values.
+ */
+export class AbiCoder {
+
+    #getCoder(param: ParamType): Coder {
+        if (param.isArray()) {
+            return new ArrayCoder(this.#getCoder(param.arrayChildren), param.arrayLength, param.name);
+        }
+
+        if (param.isTuple()) {
+            return new TupleCoder(param.components.map((c) => this.#getCoder(c)), param.name);
+        }
+
+        switch (param.baseType) {
+            case "address":
+                return new AddressCoder(param.name);
+            case "bool":
+                return new BooleanCoder(param.name);
+            case "string":
+                return new StringCoder(param.name);
+            case "bytes":
+                return new BytesCoder(param.name);
+            case "":
+                return new NullCoder(param.name);
+        }
+
+        // u?int[0-9]*
+        let match = param.type.match(paramTypeNumber);
+        if (match) {
+            let size = parseInt(match[2] || "256");
+            assertArgument(size !== 0 && size <= 256 && (size % 8) === 0,
+                "invalid " + match[1] + " bit length", "param", param);
+            return new NumberCoder(size / 8, (match[1] === "int"), param.name);
+        }
+
+        // bytes[0-9]+
+        match = param.type.match(paramTypeBytes);
+        if (match) {
+            let size = parseInt(match[1]);
+            assertArgument(size !== 0 && size <= 32, "invalid bytes length", "param", param);
+            return new FixedBytesCoder(size, param.name);
+        }
+
+        assertArgument(false, "invalid type", "type", param.type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Get the default values for the given %%types%%.
+     *
+     *  For example, a ``uint`` is by default ``0`` and ``bool``
+     *  is by default ``false``.
+     */
+    getDefaultValue(types: ReadonlyArray<string | ParamType>): Result {
+        const coders: Array<Coder> = types.map((type) => this.#getCoder(ParamType.from(type)));
+        const coder = new TupleCoder(coders, "_");
+        return coder.defaultValue();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Encode the %%values%% as the %%types%% into ABI data.
+     *
+     *  @returns DataHexstring
+     */
+    encode(types: ReadonlyArray<string | ParamType>, values: ReadonlyArray<any>): string {
+        assertArgumentCount(values.length, types.length, "types/values length mismatch");
+
+        const coders = types.map((type) => this.#getCoder(ParamType.from(type)));
+        const coder = (new TupleCoder(coders, "_"));
+
+        const writer = new Writer();
+        coder.encode(writer, values);
+        return writer.data;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Decode the ABI %%data%% as the %%types%% into values.
+     *
+     *  If %%loose%% decoding is enabled, then strict padding is
+     *  not enforced. Some older versions of Solidity incorrectly
+     *  padded event data emitted from ``external`` functions.
+     */
+    decode(types: ReadonlyArray<string | ParamType>, data: BytesLike, loose?: boolean): Result {
+        const coders: Array<Coder> = types.map((type) => this.#getCoder(ParamType.from(type)));
+        const coder = new TupleCoder(coders, "_");
+        return coder.decode(new Reader(data, loose, defaultMaxInflation));
+    }
+
+    static _setDefaultMaxInflation(value: number): void {
+        assertArgument(typeof(value) === "number" && Number.isInteger(value), "invalid defaultMaxInflation factor", "value", value);
+        defaultMaxInflation = value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the shared singleton instance of a default [[AbiCoder]].
+     *
+     *  On the first call, the instance is created internally.
+     */
+    static defaultAbiCoder(): AbiCoder {
+        if (defaultCoder == null) {
+            defaultCoder = new AbiCoder();
+        }
+        return defaultCoder;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns an ethers-compatible [[CallExceptionError]] Error for the given
+     *  result %%data%% for the [[CallExceptionAction]] %%action%% against
+     *  the Transaction %%tx%%.
+     */
+    static getBuiltinCallException(action: CallExceptionAction, tx: { to?: null | string, from?: null | string, data?: string }, data: null | BytesLike): CallExceptionError {
+        return getBuiltinCallException(action, tx, data, AbiCoder.defaultAbiCoder());
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/abi/bytes32.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ *  About bytes32 strings...
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/utils:Bytes32 Strings
+ */
+
+import {
+    getBytes, toUtf8Bytes, toUtf8String, zeroPadBytes
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { BytesLike } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+/**
+ *  Encodes %%text%% as a Bytes32 string.
+ */
+export function encodeBytes32String(text: string): string {
+
+    // Get the bytes
+    const bytes = toUtf8Bytes(text);
+
+    // Check we have room for null-termination
+    if (bytes.length > 31) { throw new Error("bytes32 string must be less than 32 bytes"); }
+
+    // Zero-pad (implicitly null-terminates)
+    return zeroPadBytes(bytes, 32);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Encodes the Bytes32-encoded %%bytes%% into a string.
+ */
+export function decodeBytes32String(_bytes: BytesLike): string {
+    const data = getBytes(_bytes, "bytes");
+
+    // Must be 32 bytes with a null-termination
+    if (data.length !== 32) { throw new Error("invalid bytes32 - not 32 bytes long"); }
+    if (data[31] !== 0) { throw new Error("invalid bytes32 string - no null terminator"); }
+
+    // Find the null termination
+    let length = 31;
+    while (data[length - 1] === 0) { length--; }
+
+    // Determine the string value
+    return toUtf8String(data.slice(0, length));
+}
+

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/abi/coders/abstract-coder.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
+
+import {
+    defineProperties, concat, getBytesCopy, getNumber, hexlify,
+    toBeArray, toBigInt, toNumber,
+    assert, assertArgument
+    /*, isError*/
+} from "../../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { BigNumberish, BytesLike } from "../../utils/index.js";
+
+/**
+ * @_ignore:
+ */
+export const WordSize: number = 32;
+const Padding = new Uint8Array(WordSize);
+
+// Properties used to immediate pass through to the underlying object
+// - `then` is used to detect if an object is a Promise for await
+const passProperties = [ "then" ];
+
+const _guard = { };
+
+const resultNames: WeakMap<Result, ReadonlyArray<null | string>> = new WeakMap();
+
+function getNames(result: Result): ReadonlyArray<null | string> {
+    return resultNames.get(result)!;
+}
+function setNames(result: Result, names: ReadonlyArray<null | string>): void {
+    resultNames.set(result, names);
+}
+
+function throwError(name: string, error: Error): never {
+    const wrapped = new Error(`deferred error during ABI decoding triggered accessing ${ name }`);
+    (<any>wrapped).error = error;
+    throw wrapped;
+}
+
+function toObject(names: ReadonlyArray<null | string>, items: Result, deep?: boolean): Record<string, any> | Array<any> {
+    if (names.indexOf(null) >= 0) {
+        return items.map((item, index) => {
+            if (item instanceof Result) {
+                return toObject(getNames(item), item, deep);
+            }
+            return item;
+        });
+    }
+
+    return (<Array<string>>names).reduce((accum, name, index) => {
+        let item = items.getValue(name);
+        if (!(name in accum)) {
+            if (deep && item instanceof Result) {
+                item = toObject(getNames(item), item, deep);
+            }
+            accum[name] = item;
+        }
+        return accum;
+    }, <Record<string, any>>{ });
+}
+
+
+/**
+ *  A [[Result]] is a sub-class of Array, which allows accessing any
+ *  of its values either positionally by its index or, if keys are
+ *  provided by its name.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/abi
+ */
+export class Result extends Array<any> {
+    // No longer used; but cannot be removed as it will remove the
+    // #private field from the .d.ts which may break backwards
+    // compatibility
+    readonly #names: ReadonlyArray<null | string>;
+
+    [ K: string | number ]: any
+
+    /**
+     *  @private
+     */
+    constructor(...args: Array<any>) {
+        // To properly sub-class Array so the other built-in
+        // functions work, the constructor has to behave fairly
+        // well. So, in the event we are created via fromItems()
+        // we build the read-only Result object we want, but on
+        // any other input, we use the default constructor
+
+        // constructor(guard: any, items: Array<any>, keys?: Array<null | string>);
+        const guard = args[0];
+        let items: Array<any> = args[1];
+        let names: Array<null | string> = (args[2] || [ ]).slice();
+
+        let wrap = true;
+        if (guard !== _guard) {
+            items = args;
+            names = [ ];
+            wrap = false;
+        }
+
+        // Can't just pass in ...items since an array of length 1
+        // is a special case in the super.
+        super(items.length);
+        items.forEach((item, index) => { this[index] = item; });
+
+        // Find all unique keys
+        const nameCounts = names.reduce((accum, name) => {
+            if (typeof(name) === "string") {
+                accum.set(name, (accum.get(name) || 0) + 1);
+            }
+            return accum;
+        }, <Map<string, number>>(new Map()));
+
+        // Remove any key thats not unique
+        setNames(this, Object.freeze(items.map((item, index) => {
+            const name = names[index];
+            if (name != null && nameCounts.get(name) === 1) {
+                return name;
+            }
+            return null;
+        })));
+
+        // Dummy operations to prevent TypeScript from complaining
+        this.#names = [ ];
+        if (this.#names == null) { void(this.#names); }
+
+        if (!wrap) { return; }
+
+        // A wrapped Result is immutable
+        Object.freeze(this);
+
+        // Proxy indices and names so we can trap deferred errors
+        const proxy = new Proxy(this, {
+            get: (target, prop, receiver) => {
+                if (typeof(prop) === "string") {
+
+                    // Index accessor
+                    if (prop.match(/^[0-9]+$/)) {
+                        const index = getNumber(prop, "%index");
+                        if (index < 0 || index >= this.length) {
+                            throw new RangeError("out of result range");
+                        }
+
+                        const item = target[index];
+                        if (item instanceof Error) {
+                            throwError(`index ${ index }`, item);
+                        }
+                        return item;
+                    }
+
+                    // Pass important checks (like `then` for Promise) through
+                    if (passProperties.indexOf(prop) >= 0) {
+                        return Reflect.get(target, prop, receiver);
+                    }
+
+                    const value = target[prop];
+                    if (value instanceof Function) {
+                        // Make sure functions work with private variables
+                        // See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Proxy#no_private_property_forwarding
+                        return function(this: any, ...args: Array<any>) {
+                            return value.apply((this === receiver) ? target: this, args);
+                        };
+
+                    } else if (!(prop in target)) {
+                        // Possible name accessor
+                        return target.getValue.apply((this === receiver) ? target: this, [ prop ]);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return Reflect.get(target, prop, receiver);
+            }
+        });
+        setNames(proxy, getNames(this));
+        return proxy;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the Result as a normal Array. If %%deep%%, any children
+     *  which are Result objects are also converted to a normal Array.
+     *
+     *  This will throw if there are any outstanding deferred
+     *  errors.
+     */
+    toArray(deep?: boolean): Array<any> {
+        const result: Array<any> = [ ];
+        this.forEach((item, index) => {
+            if (item instanceof Error) { throwError(`index ${ index }`, item); }
+            if (deep && item instanceof Result) {
+                item = item.toArray(deep);
+            }
+            result.push(item);
+        });
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the Result as an Object with each name-value pair. If
+     *  %%deep%%, any children which are Result objects are also
+     *  converted to an Object.
+     *
+     *  This will throw if any value is unnamed, or if there are
+     *  any outstanding deferred errors.
+     */
+    toObject(deep?: boolean): Record<string, any> {
+        const names = getNames(this);
+        return names.reduce((accum, name, index) => {
+
+            assert(name != null, `value at index ${ index } unnamed`, "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+                operation: "toObject()"
+            });
+
+            return toObject(names, this, deep);
+        }, <Record<string, any>>{});
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  @_ignore
+     */
+    slice(start?: number | undefined, end?: number | undefined): Result {
+        if (start == null) { start = 0; }
+        if (start < 0) {
+            start += this.length;
+            if (start < 0) { start = 0; }
+        }
+
+        if (end == null) { end = this.length; }
+        if (end < 0) {
+            end += this.length;
+            if (end < 0) { end = 0; }
+        }
+        if (end > this.length) { end = this.length; }
+
+        const _names = getNames(this);
+
+        const result: Array<any> = [ ], names: Array<null | string> = [ ];
+        for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
+            result.push(this[i]);
+            names.push(_names[i]);
+        }
+
+        return new Result(_guard, result, names);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  @_ignore
+     */
+    filter(callback: (el: any, index: number, array: Result) => boolean, thisArg?: any): Result {
+        const _names = getNames(this);
+
+        const result: Array<any> = [ ], names: Array<null | string> = [ ];
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
+            const item = this[i];
+            if (item instanceof Error) {
+                throwError(`index ${ i }`, item);
+            }
+
+            if (callback.call(thisArg, item, i, this)) {
+                result.push(item);
+                names.push(_names[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new Result(_guard, result, names);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  @_ignore
+     */
+    map<T extends any = any>(callback: (el: any, index: number, array: Result) => T, thisArg?: any): Array<T> {
+        const result: Array<T> = [ ];
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
+            const item = this[i];
+            if (item instanceof Error) {
+                throwError(`index ${ i }`, item);
+            }
+
+            result.push(callback.call(thisArg, item, i, this));
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the value for %%name%%.
+     *
+     *  Since it is possible to have a key whose name conflicts with
+     *  a method on a [[Result]] or its superclass Array, or any
+     *  JavaScript keyword, this ensures all named values are still
+     *  accessible by name.
+     */
+    getValue(name: string): any {
+        const index = getNames(this).indexOf(name);
+        if (index === -1) { return undefined; }
+
+        const value = this[index];
+
+        if (value instanceof Error) {
+            throwError(`property ${ JSON.stringify(name) }`, (<any>value).error);
+        }
+
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new [[Result]] for %%items%% with each entry
+     *  also accessible by its corresponding name in %%keys%%.
+     */
+    static fromItems(items: Array<any>, keys?: Array<null | string>): Result {
+        return new Result(_guard, items, keys);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Returns all errors found in a [[Result]].
+ *
+ *  Since certain errors encountered when creating a [[Result]] do
+ *  not impact the ability to continue parsing data, they are
+ *  deferred until they are actually accessed. Hence a faulty string
+ *  in an Event that is never used does not impact the program flow.
+ *
+ *  However, sometimes it may be useful to access, identify or
+ *  validate correctness of a [[Result]].
+ *
+ *  @_docloc api/abi
+ */
+export function checkResultErrors(result: Result): Array<{ path: Array<string | number>, error: Error }> {
+    // Find the first error (if any)
+    const errors: Array<{ path: Array<string | number>, error: Error }> = [ ];
+
+    const checkErrors = function(path: Array<string | number>, object: any): void {
+        if (!Array.isArray(object)) { return; }
+        for (let key in object) {
+            const childPath = path.slice();
+            childPath.push(key);
+
+            try {
+                 checkErrors(childPath, object[key]);
+            } catch (error: any) {
+                errors.push({ path: childPath, error: error });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    checkErrors([ ], result);
+
+    return errors;
+
+}
+
+function getValue(value: BigNumberish): Uint8Array {
+    let bytes = toBeArray(value);
+
+    assert (bytes.length <= WordSize, "value out-of-bounds",
+        "BUFFER_OVERRUN", { buffer: bytes, length: WordSize, offset: bytes.length });
+
+    if (bytes.length !== WordSize) {
+        bytes = getBytesCopy(concat([ Padding.slice(bytes.length % WordSize), bytes ]));
+    }
+
+    return bytes;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export abstract class Coder {
+
+    // The coder name:
+    //   - address, uint256, tuple, array, etc.
+    readonly name!: string;
+
+    // The fully expanded type, including composite types:
+    //   - address, uint256, tuple(address,bytes), uint256[3][4][],  etc.
+    readonly type!: string;
+
+    // The localName bound in the signature, in this example it is "baz":
+    //   - tuple(address foo, uint bar) baz
+    readonly localName!: string;
+
+    // Whether this type is dynamic:
+    //  - Dynamic: bytes, string, address[], tuple(boolean[]), etc.
+    //  - Not Dynamic: address, uint256, boolean[3], tuple(address, uint8)
+    readonly dynamic!: boolean;
+
+    constructor(name: string, type: string, localName: string, dynamic: boolean) {
+        defineProperties<Coder>(this, { name, type, localName, dynamic }, {
+            name: "string", type: "string", localName: "string", dynamic: "boolean"
+        });
+    }
+
+    _throwError(message: string, value: any): never {
+        assertArgument(false, message, this.localName, value);
+    }
+
+    abstract encode(writer: Writer, value: any): number;
+    abstract decode(reader: Reader): any;
+
+    abstract defaultValue(): any;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export class Writer {
+    // An array of WordSize lengthed objects to concatenation
+    #data: Array<Uint8Array>;
+    #dataLength: number;
+
+    constructor() {
+        this.#data = [ ];
+        this.#dataLength = 0;
+    }
+
+    get data(): string {
+        return concat(this.#data);
+    }
+    get length(): number { return this.#dataLength; }
+
+    #writeData(data: Uint8Array): number {
+        this.#data.push(data);
+        this.#dataLength += data.length;
+        return data.length;
+    }
+
+    appendWriter(writer: Writer): number {
+        return this.#writeData(getBytesCopy(writer.data));
+    }
+
+    // Arrayish item; pad on the right to *nearest* WordSize
+    writeBytes(value: BytesLike): number {
+        let bytes = getBytesCopy(value);
+        const paddingOffset = bytes.length % WordSize;
+        if (paddingOffset) {
+            bytes = getBytesCopy(concat([ bytes, Padding.slice(paddingOffset) ]))
+        }
+        return this.#writeData(bytes);
+    }
+
+    // Numeric item; pad on the left *to* WordSize
+    writeValue(value: BigNumberish): number {
+        return this.#writeData(getValue(value));
+    }
+
+    // Inserts a numeric place-holder, returning a callback that can
+    // be used to asjust the value later
+    writeUpdatableValue(): (value: BigNumberish) => void {
+        const offset = this.#data.length;
+        this.#data.push(Padding);
+        this.#dataLength += WordSize;
+        return (value: BigNumberish) => {
+            this.#data[offset] = getValue(value);
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export class Reader {
+    // Allows incomplete unpadded data to be read; otherwise an error
+    // is raised if attempting to overrun the buffer. This is required
+    // to deal with an old Solidity bug, in which event data for
+    // external (not public thoguh) was tightly packed.
+    readonly allowLoose!: boolean;
+
+    readonly #data: Uint8Array;
+    #offset: number;
+
+    #bytesRead: number;
+    #parent: null | Reader;
+    #maxInflation: number;
+
+    constructor(data: BytesLike, allowLoose?: boolean, maxInflation?: number) {
+        defineProperties<Reader>(this, { allowLoose: !!allowLoose });
+
+        this.#data = getBytesCopy(data);
+        this.#bytesRead = 0;
+        this.#parent = null;
+        this.#maxInflation = (maxInflation != null) ? maxInflation: 1024;
+
+        this.#offset = 0;
+    }
+
+    get data(): string { return hexlify(this.#data); }
+    get dataLength(): number { return this.#data.length; }
+    get consumed(): number { return this.#offset; }
+    get bytes(): Uint8Array { return new Uint8Array(this.#data); }
+
+    #incrementBytesRead(count: number): void {
+        if (this.#parent) { return this.#parent.#incrementBytesRead(count); }
+
+        this.#bytesRead += count;
+
+        // Check for excessive inflation (see: #4537)
+        assert(this.#maxInflation < 1 || this.#bytesRead <= this.#maxInflation * this.dataLength, `compressed ABI data exceeds inflation ratio of ${ this.#maxInflation } ( see: https:/\/github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/issues/4537 )`,  "BUFFER_OVERRUN", {
+            buffer: getBytesCopy(this.#data), offset: this.#offset,
+            length: count, info: {
+                bytesRead: this.#bytesRead,
+                dataLength: this.dataLength
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    #peekBytes(offset: number, length: number, loose?: boolean): Uint8Array {
+        let alignedLength = Math.ceil(length / WordSize) * WordSize;
+        if (this.#offset + alignedLength > this.#data.length) {
+            if (this.allowLoose && loose && this.#offset + length <= this.#data.length) {
+                alignedLength = length;
+            } else {
+                assert(false, "data out-of-bounds", "BUFFER_OVERRUN", {
+                    buffer: getBytesCopy(this.#data),
+                    length: this.#data.length,
+                    offset: this.#offset + alignedLength
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        return this.#data.slice(this.#offset, this.#offset + alignedLength)
+    }
+
+    // Create a sub-reader with the same underlying data, but offset
+    subReader(offset: number): Reader {
+        const reader = new Reader(this.#data.slice(this.#offset + offset), this.allowLoose, this.#maxInflation);
+        reader.#parent = this;
+        return reader;
+    }
+
+    // Read bytes
+    readBytes(length: number, loose?: boolean): Uint8Array {
+        let bytes = this.#peekBytes(0, length, !!loose);
+        this.#incrementBytesRead(length);
+        this.#offset += bytes.length;
+        // @TODO: Make sure the length..end bytes are all 0?
+        return bytes.slice(0, length);
+    }
+
+    // Read a numeric values
+    readValue(): bigint {
+        return toBigInt(this.readBytes(WordSize));
+    }
+
+    readIndex(): number {
+        return toNumber(this.readBytes(WordSize));
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/abi/coders/address.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { getAddress } from "../../address/index.js";
+import { toBeHex } from "../../utils/maths.js";
+
+import { Typed } from "../typed.js";
+import { Coder } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+import type { Reader, Writer } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export class AddressCoder extends Coder {
+
+    constructor(localName: string) {
+        super("address", "address", localName, false);
+    }
+
+    defaultValue(): string {
+        return "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
+    }
+
+    encode(writer: Writer, _value: string | Typed): number {
+        let value = Typed.dereference(_value, "string");
+        try {
+            value = getAddress(value);
+        } catch (error: any) {
+            return this._throwError(error.message, _value);
+        }
+        return writer.writeValue(value);
+    }
+
+    decode(reader: Reader): any {
+        return getAddress(toBeHex(reader.readValue(), 20));
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/abi/coders/anonymous.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { Coder } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+import type { Reader, Writer } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+/**
+ *  Clones the functionality of an existing Coder, but without a localName
+ *
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export class AnonymousCoder extends Coder {
+    private coder: Coder;
+
+    constructor(coder: Coder) {
+        super(coder.name, coder.type, "_", coder.dynamic);
+        this.coder = coder;
+    }
+
+    defaultValue(): any {
+        return this.coder.defaultValue();
+    }
+
+    encode(writer: Writer, value: any): number {
+        return this.coder.encode(writer, value);
+    }
+
+    decode(reader: Reader): any {
+        return this.coder.decode(reader);
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/abi/coders/array.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+import {
+    defineProperties, isError, assert, assertArgument, assertArgumentCount
+} from "../../utils/index.js";
+
+import { Typed } from "../typed.js";
+
+import { Coder, Result, WordSize, Writer } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+import { AnonymousCoder } from "./anonymous.js";
+
+import type { Reader } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export function pack(writer: Writer, coders: ReadonlyArray<Coder>, values: Array<any> | { [ name: string ]: any }): number {
+    let arrayValues: Array<any> = [ ];
+
+    if (Array.isArray(values)) {
+       arrayValues = values;
+
+    } else if (values && typeof(values) === "object") {
+        let unique: { [ name: string ]: boolean } = { };
+
+        arrayValues = coders.map((coder) => {
+            const name = coder.localName;
+            assert(name, "cannot encode object for signature with missing names",
+                "INVALID_ARGUMENT", { argument: "values", info: { coder }, value: values });
+
+            assert(!unique[name], "cannot encode object for signature with duplicate names",
+                "INVALID_ARGUMENT", { argument: "values", info: { coder }, value: values });
+
+            unique[name] = true;
+
+            return values[name];
+        });
+
+    } else {
+        assertArgument(false, "invalid tuple value", "tuple", values);
+    }
+
+    assertArgument(coders.length === arrayValues.length, "types/value length mismatch", "tuple", values);
+
+    let staticWriter = new Writer();
+    let dynamicWriter = new Writer();
+
+    let updateFuncs: Array<(baseOffset: number) => void> = [];
+    coders.forEach((coder, index) => {
+        let value = arrayValues[index];
+
+        if (coder.dynamic) {
+            // Get current dynamic offset (for the future pointer)
+            let dynamicOffset = dynamicWriter.length;
+
+            // Encode the dynamic value into the dynamicWriter
+            coder.encode(dynamicWriter, value);
+
+            // Prepare to populate the correct offset once we are done
+            let updateFunc = staticWriter.writeUpdatableValue();
+            updateFuncs.push((baseOffset: number) => {
+                updateFunc(baseOffset + dynamicOffset);
+            });
+
+        } else {
+            coder.encode(staticWriter, value);
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Backfill all the dynamic offsets, now that we know the static length
+    updateFuncs.forEach((func) => { func(staticWriter.length); });
+
+    let length = writer.appendWriter(staticWriter);
+    length += writer.appendWriter(dynamicWriter);
+    return length;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export function unpack(reader: Reader, coders: ReadonlyArray<Coder>): Result {
+    let values: Array<any> = [];
+    let keys: Array<null | string> = [ ];
+
+    // A reader anchored to this base
+    let baseReader = reader.subReader(0);
+
+    coders.forEach((coder) => {
+        let value: any = null;
+
+        if (coder.dynamic) {
+            let offset = reader.readIndex();
+            let offsetReader = baseReader.subReader(offset);
+            try {
+                value = coder.decode(offsetReader);
+            } catch (error: any) {
+                // Cannot recover from this
+                if (isError(error, "BUFFER_OVERRUN")) {
+                    throw error;
+                }
+
+                value = error;
+                value.baseType = coder.name;
+                value.name = coder.localName;
+                value.type = coder.type;
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            try {
+                value = coder.decode(reader);
+            } catch (error: any) {
+                // Cannot recover from this
+                if (isError(error, "BUFFER_OVERRUN")) {
+                    throw error;
+                }
+
+                value = error;
+                value.baseType = coder.name;
+                value.name = coder.localName;
+                value.type = coder.type;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (value == undefined) {
+            throw new Error("investigate");
+        }
+
+        values.push(value);
+        keys.push(coder.localName || null);
+    });
+
+    return Result.fromItems(values, keys);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export class ArrayCoder extends Coder {
+    readonly coder!: Coder;
+    readonly length!: number;
+
+    constructor(coder: Coder, length: number, localName: string) {
+        const type = (coder.type + "[" + (length >= 0 ? length: "") + "]");
+        const dynamic = (length === -1 || coder.dynamic);
+        super("array", type, localName, dynamic);
+        defineProperties<ArrayCoder>(this, { coder, length });
+    }
+
+    defaultValue(): Array<any> {
+        // Verifies the child coder is valid (even if the array is dynamic or 0-length)
+        const defaultChild = this.coder.defaultValue();
+
+        const result: Array<any> = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
+            result.push(defaultChild);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    encode(writer: Writer, _value: Array<any> | Typed): number {
+        const value = Typed.dereference(_value, "array");
+
+        if(!Array.isArray(value)) {
+            this._throwError("expected array value", value);
+        }
+
+        let count = this.length;
+
+        if (count === -1) {
+            count = value.length;
+            writer.writeValue(value.length);
+        }
+
+        assertArgumentCount(value.length, count, "coder array" + (this.localName? (" "+ this.localName): ""));
+
+        let coders: Array<Coder> = [ ];
+        for (let i = 0; i < value.length; i++) { coders.push(this.coder); }
+
+        return pack(writer, coders, value);
+    }
+
+    decode(reader: Reader): any {
+        let count = this.length;
+        if (count === -1) {
+            count = reader.readIndex();
+
+            // Check that there is *roughly* enough data to ensure
+            // stray random data is not being read as a length. Each
+            // slot requires at least 32 bytes for their value (or 32
+            // bytes as a link to the data). This could use a much
+            // tighter bound, but we are erroring on the side of safety.
+            assert(count * WordSize <= reader.dataLength, "insufficient data length",
+                "BUFFER_OVERRUN", { buffer: reader.bytes, offset: count * WordSize, length: reader.dataLength });
+        }
+        let coders: Array<Coder> = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) { coders.push(new AnonymousCoder(this.coder)); }
+
+        return unpack(reader, coders);
+    }
+}
+

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/abi/coders/boolean.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { Typed } from "../typed.js";
+import { Coder } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+import type { Reader, Writer } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export class BooleanCoder extends Coder {
+
+    constructor(localName: string) {
+        super("bool", "bool", localName, false);
+    }
+
+    defaultValue(): boolean {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    encode(writer: Writer, _value: boolean | Typed): number {
+        const value = Typed.dereference(_value, "bool");
+        return writer.writeValue(value ? 1: 0);
+    }
+
+    decode(reader: Reader): any {
+        return !!reader.readValue();
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/abi/coders/bytes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { getBytesCopy, hexlify } from "../../utils/index.js";
+
+import { Coder } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+import type { Reader, Writer } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export class DynamicBytesCoder extends Coder {
+    constructor(type: string, localName: string) {
+       super(type, type, localName, true);
+    }
+
+    defaultValue(): string {
+        return "0x";
+    }
+
+    encode(writer: Writer, value: any): number {
+        value = getBytesCopy(value);
+        let length = writer.writeValue(value.length);
+        length += writer.writeBytes(value);
+        return length;
+    }
+
+    decode(reader: Reader): any {
+        return reader.readBytes(reader.readIndex(), true);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export class BytesCoder extends DynamicBytesCoder {
+    constructor(localName: string) {
+        super("bytes", localName);
+    }
+
+    decode(reader: Reader): any {
+        return hexlify(super.decode(reader));
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/abi/coders/fixed-bytes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+
+import { defineProperties, getBytesCopy, hexlify } from "../../utils/index.js";
+
+import { Typed } from "../typed.js";
+import { Coder } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+import type { BytesLike } from "../../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { Reader, Writer } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export class FixedBytesCoder extends Coder {
+    readonly size!: number;
+
+    constructor(size: number, localName: string) {
+        let name = "bytes" + String(size);
+        super(name, name, localName, false);
+        defineProperties<FixedBytesCoder>(this, { size }, { size: "number" });
+    }
+
+    defaultValue(): string {
+        return ("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000").substring(0, 2 + this.size * 2);
+    }
+
+    encode(writer: Writer, _value: BytesLike | Typed): number {
+        let data = getBytesCopy(Typed.dereference(_value, this.type));
+        if (data.length !== this.size) { this._throwError("incorrect data length", _value); }
+        return writer.writeBytes(data);
+    }
+
+    decode(reader: Reader): any {
+        return hexlify(reader.readBytes(this.size));
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/abi/coders/null.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { Coder } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+import type { Reader, Writer } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+const Empty = new Uint8Array([ ]);
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export class NullCoder extends Coder {
+
+    constructor(localName: string) {
+        super("null", "", localName, false);
+    }
+
+    defaultValue(): null {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    encode(writer: Writer, value: any): number {
+        if (value != null) { this._throwError("not null", value); }
+        return writer.writeBytes(Empty);
+    }
+
+    decode(reader: Reader): any {
+        reader.readBytes(0);
+        return null;
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/abi/coders/number.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import {
+    defineProperties, fromTwos, getBigInt, mask, toTwos
+} from "../../utils/index.js";
+
+import { Typed } from "../typed.js";
+import { Coder, WordSize } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+import type { BigNumberish } from "../../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { Reader, Writer } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+
+const BN_0 = BigInt(0);
+const BN_1 = BigInt(1);
+const BN_MAX_UINT256 = BigInt("0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff");
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export class NumberCoder extends Coder {
+    readonly size!: number;
+    readonly signed!: boolean;
+
+    constructor(size: number, signed: boolean, localName: string) {
+        const name = ((signed ? "int": "uint") + (size * 8));
+        super(name, name, localName, false);
+
+        defineProperties<NumberCoder>(this, { size, signed }, { size: "number", signed: "boolean" });
+    }
+
+    defaultValue(): number {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    encode(writer: Writer, _value: BigNumberish | Typed): number {
+        let value = getBigInt(Typed.dereference(_value, this.type));
+
+        // Check bounds are safe for encoding
+        let maxUintValue = mask(BN_MAX_UINT256, WordSize * 8);
+        if (this.signed) {
+            let bounds = mask(maxUintValue, (this.size * 8) - 1);
+            if (value > bounds || value < -(bounds + BN_1)) {
+                this._throwError("value out-of-bounds", _value);
+            }
+            value = toTwos(value, 8 * WordSize);
+        } else if (value < BN_0 || value > mask(maxUintValue, this.size * 8)) {
+            this._throwError("value out-of-bounds", _value);
+        }
+
+        return writer.writeValue(value);
+    }
+
+    decode(reader: Reader): any {
+        let value = mask(reader.readValue(), this.size * 8);
+
+        if (this.signed) {
+            value = fromTwos(value, this.size * 8);
+        }
+
+        return value;
+    }
+}
+

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/abi/coders/string.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { toUtf8Bytes, toUtf8String } from "../../utils/utf8.js";
+
+import { Typed } from "../typed.js";
+import { DynamicBytesCoder } from "./bytes.js";
+
+import type { Reader, Writer } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export class StringCoder extends DynamicBytesCoder {
+
+    constructor(localName: string) {
+        super("string", localName);
+    }
+
+    defaultValue(): string {
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    encode(writer: Writer, _value: string | Typed): number {
+        return super.encode(writer, toUtf8Bytes(Typed.dereference(_value, "string")));
+    }
+
+    decode(reader: Reader): any {
+        return toUtf8String(super.decode(reader));
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/abi/coders/tuple.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { defineProperties } from "../../utils/properties.js";
+
+import { Typed } from "../typed.js";
+import { Coder } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+import { pack, unpack } from "./array.js";
+
+import type { Reader, Writer } from "./abstract-coder.js";
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+export class TupleCoder extends Coder {
+    readonly coders!: ReadonlyArray<Coder>;
+
+    constructor(coders: Array<Coder>, localName: string) {
+        let dynamic = false;
+        const types: Array<string> = [];
+        coders.forEach((coder) => {
+            if (coder.dynamic) { dynamic = true; }
+            types.push(coder.type);
+        });
+        const type = ("tuple(" + types.join(",") + ")");
+
+        super("tuple", type, localName, dynamic);
+        defineProperties<TupleCoder>(this, { coders: Object.freeze(coders.slice()) });
+    }
+
+    defaultValue(): any {
+        const values: any = [ ];
+        this.coders.forEach((coder) => {
+            values.push(coder.defaultValue());
+        });
+
+        // We only output named properties for uniquely named coders
+        const uniqueNames = this.coders.reduce((accum, coder) => {
+            const name = coder.localName;
+            if (name) {
+                if (!accum[name]) { accum[name] = 0; }
+                accum[name]++;
+            }
+            return accum;
+        }, <{ [ name: string ]: number }>{ });
+
+        // Add named values
+        this.coders.forEach((coder: Coder, index: number) => {
+            let name = coder.localName;
+            if (!name || uniqueNames[name] !== 1) { return; }
+
+            if (name === "length") { name = "_length"; }
+
+            if (values[name] != null) { return; }
+
+            values[name] = values[index];
+        });
+
+        return Object.freeze(values);
+    }
+
+    encode(writer: Writer, _value: Array<any> | { [ name: string ]: any } | Typed): number {
+        const value = Typed.dereference(_value, "tuple");
+        return pack(writer, this.coders, value);
+    }
+
+    decode(reader: Reader): any {
+        return unpack(reader, this.coders);
+    }
+}
+

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/abi/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**
+ *  The Application Binary Interface (ABI) describes how method input
+ *  parameters should be encoded, their results decoded, and how to
+ *  decode events and errors.
+ *
+ *  See [About ABIs](docs-abi) for more details how they are used.
+ *
+ *  @_section api/abi:Application Binary Interface  [about-abi]
+ *  @_navTitle: ABI
+ */
+
+
+//////
+export { AbiCoder } from "./abi-coder.js";
+
+export { decodeBytes32String, encodeBytes32String } from "./bytes32.js";
+
+export {
+    ConstructorFragment, ErrorFragment, EventFragment, FallbackFragment,
+    Fragment, FunctionFragment, NamedFragment, ParamType, StructFragment,
+} from "./fragments.js";
+
+export {
+    checkResultErrors,
+    Indexed,
+    Interface,
+    ErrorDescription, LogDescription, TransactionDescription,
+    Result
+} from "./interface.js";
+
+export { Typed } from "./typed.js";
+
+export type {
+    JsonFragment, JsonFragmentType,
+    FormatType, FragmentType, ParamTypeWalkAsyncFunc, ParamTypeWalkFunc
+} from "./fragments.js";
+
+export type {
+    InterfaceAbi,
+} from "./interface.js";
+

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/abi/typed.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,796 @@
+/**
+ *  A Typed object allows a value to have its type explicitly
+ *  specified.
+ *
+ *  For example, in Solidity, the value ``45`` could represent a
+ *  ``uint8`` or a ``uint256``. The value ``0x1234`` could represent
+ *  a ``bytes2`` or ``bytes``.
+ *
+ *  Since JavaScript has no meaningful way to explicitly inform any
+ *  APIs which what the type is, this allows transparent interoperation
+ *  with Soldity.
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/abi:Typed Values
+ */
+
+import { assertPrivate, defineProperties } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { Addressable } from "../address/index.js";
+import type { BigNumberish, BytesLike } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { Result } from "./coders/abstract-coder.js";
+
+const _gaurd = { };
+
+function n(value: BigNumberish, width: number): Typed {
+    let signed = false;
+    if (width < 0) {
+        signed = true;
+        width *= -1;
+    }
+
+    // @TODO: Check range is valid for value
+    return new Typed(_gaurd, `${ signed ? "": "u" }int${ width }`, value, { signed, width });
+}
+
+function b(value: BytesLike, size?: number): Typed {
+    // @TODO: Check range is valid for value
+    return new Typed(_gaurd, `bytes${ (size) ? size: "" }`, value, { size });
+}
+
+// @TODO: Remove this in v7, it was replaced by TypedBigInt
+/**
+ *  @_ignore:
+ */
+export interface TypedNumber extends Typed {
+    value: number;
+    defaultValue(): number;
+    minValue(): number;
+    maxValue(): number;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **Typed** that represents a numeric value.
+ */
+export interface TypedBigInt extends Typed {
+    /**
+     *  The value.
+     */
+    value: bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The default value for all numeric types is ``0``.
+     */
+    defaultValue(): bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The minimum value for this type, accounting for bit-width and signed-ness.
+     */
+    minValue(): bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The minimum value for this type, accounting for bit-width.
+     */
+    maxValue(): bigint;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **Typed** that represents a binary sequence of data as bytes.
+ */
+export interface TypedData extends Typed {
+    /**
+     *  The value.
+     */
+    value: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The default value for this type.
+     */
+    defaultValue(): string;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **Typed** that represents a UTF-8 sequence of bytes.
+ */
+export interface TypedString extends Typed {
+    /**
+     *  The value.
+     */
+    value: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The default value for the string type is the empty string (i.e. ``""``).
+     */
+    defaultValue(): string;
+}
+
+const _typedSymbol = Symbol.for("_ethers_typed");
+
+/**
+ *  The **Typed** class to wrap values providing explicit type information.
+ */
+export class Typed {
+
+    /**
+     *  The type, as a Solidity-compatible type.
+     */
+    readonly type!: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The actual value.
+     */
+    readonly value!: any;
+
+    readonly #options: any;
+
+    /**
+     *  @_ignore:
+     */
+    readonly _typedSymbol!: Symbol;
+
+    /**
+     *  @_ignore:
+     */
+    constructor(gaurd: any, type: string, value: any, options?: any) {
+        if (options == null) { options = null; }
+        assertPrivate(_gaurd, gaurd, "Typed");
+        defineProperties<Typed>(this, { _typedSymbol, type, value });
+        this.#options = options;
+
+        // Check the value is valid
+        this.format();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Format the type as a Human-Readable type.
+     */
+    format(): string {
+        if (this.type === "array") {
+            throw new Error("");
+        } else if (this.type === "dynamicArray") {
+            throw new Error("");
+        } else if (this.type === "tuple") {
+            return `tuple(${ this.value.map((v: Typed) => v.format()).join(",") })`
+        }
+
+        return this.type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The default value returned by this type.
+     */
+    defaultValue(): string | number | bigint | Result {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The minimum value for numeric types.
+     */
+    minValue(): string | number | bigint {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The maximum value for numeric types.
+     */
+    maxValue(): string | number | bigint {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns ``true`` and provides a type guard is this is a [[TypedBigInt]].
+     */
+    isBigInt(): this is TypedBigInt {
+        return !!(this.type.match(/^u?int[0-9]+$/));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns ``true`` and provides a type guard is this is a [[TypedData]].
+     */
+    isData(): this is TypedData {
+        return this.type.startsWith("bytes");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns ``true`` and provides a type guard is this is a [[TypedString]].
+     */
+    isString(): this is TypedString {
+        return (this.type === "string");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the tuple name, if this is a tuple. Throws otherwise.
+     */
+    get tupleName(): null | string {
+        if (this.type !== "tuple") { throw TypeError("not a tuple"); }
+        return this.#options;
+    }
+
+    // Returns the length of this type as an array
+    // - `null` indicates the length is unforced, it could be dynamic
+    // - `-1` indicates the length is dynamic
+    // - any other value indicates it is a static array and is its length
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the length of the array type or ``-1`` if it is dynamic.
+     *
+     *  Throws if the type is not an array.
+     */
+    get arrayLength(): null | number {
+        if (this.type !== "array") { throw TypeError("not an array"); }
+        if (this.#options === true) { return -1; }
+        if (this.#options === false) { return (<Array<any>>(this.value)).length; }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a new **Typed** of %%type%% with the %%value%%.
+     */
+    static from(type: string, value: any): Typed {
+        return new Typed(_gaurd, type, value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint8`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint8(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 8); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint16`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint16(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 16); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint24`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint24(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 24); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint32`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint32(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 32); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint40`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint40(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 40); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint48`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint48(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 48); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint56`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint56(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 56); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint64`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint64(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 64); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint72`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint72(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 72); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint80`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint80(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 80); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint88`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint88(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 88); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint96`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint96(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 96); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint104`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint104(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 104); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint112`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint112(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 112); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint120`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint120(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 120); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint128`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint128(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 128); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint136`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint136(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 136); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint144`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint144(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 144); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint152`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint152(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 152); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint160`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint160(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 160); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint168`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint168(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 168); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint176`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint176(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 176); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint184`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint184(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 184); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint192`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint192(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 192); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint200`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint200(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 200); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint208`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint208(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 208); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint216`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint216(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 216); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint224`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint224(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 224); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint232`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint232(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 232); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint240`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint240(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 240); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint248`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint248(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 248); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint256`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint256(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 256); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint256`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static uint(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, 256); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int8`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int8(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -8); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int16`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int16(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -16); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int24`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int24(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -24); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int32`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int32(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -32); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int40`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int40(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -40); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int48`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int48(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -48); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int56`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int56(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -56); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int64`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int64(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -64); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int72`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int72(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -72); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int80`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int80(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -80); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int88`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int88(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -88); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int96`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int96(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -96); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int104`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int104(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -104); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int112`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int112(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -112); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int120`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int120(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -120); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int128`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int128(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -128); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int136`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int136(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -136); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int144`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int144(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -144); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int52`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int152(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -152); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int160`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int160(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -160); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int168`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int168(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -168); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int176`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int176(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -176); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int184`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int184(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -184); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int92`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int192(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -192); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int200`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int200(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -200); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int208`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int208(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -208); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int216`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int216(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -216); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int224`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int224(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -224); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int232`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int232(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -232); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int240`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int240(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -240); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int248`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int248(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -248); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int256`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int256(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -256); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``int256`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static int(v: BigNumberish): Typed { return n(v, -256); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes1`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes1(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 1); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes2`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes2(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 2); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes3`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes3(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 3); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes4`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes4(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 4); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes5`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes5(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 5); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes6`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes6(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 6); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes7`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes7(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 7); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes8`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes8(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 8); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes9`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes9(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 9); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes10`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes10(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 10); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes11`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes11(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 11); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes12`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes12(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 12); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes13`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes13(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 13); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes14`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes14(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 14); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes15`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes15(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 15); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes16`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes16(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 16); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes17`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes17(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 17); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes18`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes18(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 18); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes19`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes19(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 19); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes20`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes20(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 20); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes21`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes21(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 21); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes22`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes22(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 22); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes23`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes23(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 23); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes24`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes24(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 24); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes25`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes25(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 25); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes26`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes26(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 26); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes27`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes27(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 27); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes28`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes28(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 28); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes29`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes29(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 29); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes30`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes30(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 30); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes31`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes31(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 31); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes32`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes32(v: BytesLike): Typed { return b(v, 32); }
+
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``address`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static address(v: string | Addressable): Typed { return new Typed(_gaurd, "address", v); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bool`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bool(v: any): Typed { return new Typed(_gaurd, "bool", !!v); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``bytes`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static bytes(v: BytesLike): Typed { return new Typed(_gaurd, "bytes", v); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``string`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static string(v: string): Typed { return new Typed(_gaurd, "string", v); }
+
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``array`` type for %%v%%, allowing %%dynamic%% length.
+     */
+    static array(v: Array<any | Typed>, dynamic?: null | boolean): Typed {
+        throw new Error("not implemented yet");
+        return new Typed(_gaurd, "array", v, dynamic);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``tuple`` type for %%v%%, with the optional %%name%%.
+     */
+    static tuple(v: Array<any | Typed> | Record<string, any | Typed>, name?: string): Typed {
+        throw new Error("not implemented yet");
+        return new Typed(_gaurd, "tuple", v, name);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new ``uint8`` type for %%v%%.
+     */
+    static overrides(v: Record<string, any>): Typed {
+        return new Typed(_gaurd, "overrides", Object.assign({ }, v));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns true only if %%value%% is a [[Typed]] instance.
+     */
+    static isTyped(value: any): value is Typed {
+        return (value
+            && typeof(value) === "object"
+            && "_typedSymbol" in value
+            && value._typedSymbol === _typedSymbol);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  If the value is a [[Typed]] instance, validates the underlying value
+     *  and returns it, otherwise returns value directly.
+     *
+     *  This is useful for functions that with to accept either a [[Typed]]
+     *  object or values.
+     */
+    static dereference<T>(value: Typed | T, type: string): T {
+        if (Typed.isTyped(value)) {
+            if (value.type !== type) {
+                throw new Error(`invalid type: expecetd ${ type }, got ${ value.type }`);
+            }
+            return value.value;
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/address/address.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+import { keccak256 } from "../crypto/index.js";
+import { getBytes, assertArgument } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+
+const BN_0 = BigInt(0);
+const BN_36 = BigInt(36);
+
+function getChecksumAddress(address: string): string {
+//    if (!isHexString(address, 20)) {
+//        logger.throwArgumentError("invalid address", "address", address);
+//    }
+
+    address = address.toLowerCase();
+
+    const chars = address.substring(2).split("");
+
+    const expanded = new Uint8Array(40);
+    for (let i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
+        expanded[i] = chars[i].charCodeAt(0);
+    }
+
+    const hashed = getBytes(keccak256(expanded));
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < 40; i += 2) {
+        if ((hashed[i >> 1] >> 4) >= 8) {
+            chars[i] = chars[i].toUpperCase();
+        }
+        if ((hashed[i >> 1] & 0x0f) >= 8) {
+            chars[i + 1] = chars[i + 1].toUpperCase();
+        }
+    }
+
+    return "0x" + chars.join("");
+}
+
+// See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number
+
+// Create lookup table
+const ibanLookup: { [character: string]: string } = { };
+for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) { ibanLookup[String(i)] = String(i); }
+for (let i = 0; i < 26; i++) { ibanLookup[String.fromCharCode(65 + i)] = String(10 + i); }
+
+// How many decimal digits can we process? (for 64-bit float, this is 15)
+// i.e. Math.floor(Math.log10(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER));
+const safeDigits = 15;
+
+function ibanChecksum(address: string): string {
+    address = address.toUpperCase();
+    address = address.substring(4) + address.substring(0, 2) + "00";
+
+    let expanded = address.split("").map((c) => { return ibanLookup[c]; }).join("");
+
+    // Javascript can handle integers safely up to 15 (decimal) digits
+    while (expanded.length >= safeDigits){
+        let block = expanded.substring(0, safeDigits);
+        expanded = parseInt(block, 10) % 97 + expanded.substring(block.length);
+    }
+
+    let checksum = String(98 - (parseInt(expanded, 10) % 97));
+    while (checksum.length < 2) { checksum = "0" + checksum; }
+
+    return checksum;
+};
+
+const Base36 = (function() {;
+    const result: Record<string, bigint> = { };
+    for (let i = 0; i < 36; i++) {
+        const key = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"[i];
+        result[key] = BigInt(i);
+    }
+    return result;
+})();
+
+function fromBase36(value: string): bigint {
+    value = value.toLowerCase();
+
+    let result = BN_0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+        result = result * BN_36 + Base36[value[i]];
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Returns a normalized and checksumed address for %%address%%.
+ *  This accepts non-checksum addresses, checksum addresses and
+ *  [[getIcapAddress]] formats.
+ *
+ *  The checksum in Ethereum uses the capitalization (upper-case
+ *  vs lower-case) of the characters within an address to encode
+ *  its checksum, which offers, on average, a checksum of 15-bits.
+ *
+ *  If %%address%% contains both upper-case and lower-case, it is
+ *  assumed to already be a checksum address and its checksum is
+ *  validated, and if the address fails its expected checksum an
+ *  error is thrown.
+ *
+ *  If you wish the checksum of %%address%% to be ignore, it should
+ *  be converted to lower-case (i.e. ``.toLowercase()``) before
+ *  being passed in. This should be a very rare situation though,
+ *  that you wish to bypass the safegaurds in place to protect
+ *  against an address that has been incorrectly copied from another
+ *  source.
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    // Adds the checksum (via upper-casing specific letters)
+ *    getAddress("0x8ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba72")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Converts ICAP address and adds checksum
+ *    getAddress("XE65GB6LDNXYOFTX0NSV3FUWKOWIXAMJK36");
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Throws an error if an address contains mixed case,
+ *    // but the checksum fails
+ *    getAddress("0x8Ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72")
+ *    //_error:
+ */
+export function getAddress(address: string): string {
+
+    assertArgument(typeof(address) === "string", "invalid address", "address", address);
+
+    if (address.match(/^(0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/)) {
+
+        // Missing the 0x prefix
+        if (!address.startsWith("0x")) { address = "0x" + address; }
+
+        const result = getChecksumAddress(address);
+
+        // It is a checksummed address with a bad checksum
+        assertArgument(!address.match(/([A-F].*[a-f])|([a-f].*[A-F])/) || result === address,
+            "bad address checksum", "address", address);
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Maybe ICAP? (we only support direct mode)
+    if (address.match(/^XE[0-9]{2}[0-9A-Za-z]{30,31}$/)) {
+        // It is an ICAP address with a bad checksum
+        assertArgument(address.substring(2, 4) === ibanChecksum(address), "bad icap checksum", "address", address);
+
+        let result = fromBase36(address.substring(4)).toString(16);
+        while (result.length < 40) { result = "0" + result; }
+        return  getChecksumAddress("0x" + result);
+    }
+
+    assertArgument(false, "invalid address", "address", address);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  The [ICAP Address format](link-icap) format is an early checksum
+ *  format which attempts to be compatible with the banking
+ *  industry [IBAN format](link-wiki-iban) for bank accounts.
+ *
+ *  It is no longer common or a recommended format.
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    getIcapAddress("0x8ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba72");
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    getIcapAddress("XE65GB6LDNXYOFTX0NSV3FUWKOWIXAMJK36");
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Throws an error if the ICAP checksum is wrong
+ *    getIcapAddress("XE65GB6LDNXYOFTX0NSV3FUWKOWIXAMJK37");
+ *    //_error:
+ */
+export function getIcapAddress(address: string): string {
+    //let base36 = _base16To36(getAddress(address).substring(2)).toUpperCase();
+    let base36 = BigInt(getAddress(address)).toString(36).toUpperCase();
+    while (base36.length < 30) { base36 = "0" + base36; }
+    return "XE" + ibanChecksum("XE00" + base36) + base36;
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/address/checks.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+import { assert, assertArgument } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { getAddress } from "./address.js";
+
+import type { Addressable, AddressLike, NameResolver } from "./index.js";
+
+
+/**
+ *  Returns true if %%value%% is an object which implements the
+ *  [[Addressable]] interface.
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    // Wallets and AbstractSigner sub-classes
+ *    isAddressable(Wallet.createRandom())
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Contracts
+ *    contract = new Contract("dai.tokens.ethers.eth", [ ], provider)
+ *    isAddressable(contract)
+ *    //_result:
+ */
+export function isAddressable(value: any): value is Addressable {
+    return (value && typeof(value.getAddress) === "function");
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Returns true if %%value%% is a valid address.
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    // Valid address
+ *    isAddress("0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Valid ICAP address
+ *    isAddress("XE65GB6LDNXYOFTX0NSV3FUWKOWIXAMJK36")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Invalid checksum
+ *    isAddress("0x8Ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBa72")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Invalid ICAP checksum
+ *    isAddress("0x8Ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Not an address (an ENS name requires a provided and an
+ *    // asynchronous API to access)
+ *    isAddress("ricmoo.eth")
+ *    //_result:
+ */
+export function isAddress(value: any): value is string {
+    try {
+        getAddress(value);
+        return true;
+    } catch (error) { }
+    return false;
+}
+
+async function checkAddress(target: any, promise: Promise<null | string>): Promise<string> {
+    const result = await promise;
+    if (result == null || result === "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000") {
+        assert(typeof(target) !== "string", "unconfigured name", "UNCONFIGURED_NAME", { value: target });
+        assertArgument(false, "invalid AddressLike value; did not resolve to a value address", "target", target);
+    }
+    return getAddress(result);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Resolves to an address for the %%target%%, which may be any
+ *  supported address type, an [[Addressable]] or a Promise which
+ *  resolves to an address.
+ *
+ *  If an ENS name is provided, but that name has not been correctly
+ *  configured a [[UnconfiguredNameError]] is thrown.
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    addr = "0x6B175474E89094C44Da98b954EedeAC495271d0F"
+ *
+ *    // Addresses are return synchronously
+ *    resolveAddress(addr, provider)
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Address promises are resolved asynchronously
+ *    resolveAddress(Promise.resolve(addr))
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // ENS names are resolved asynchronously
+ *    resolveAddress("dai.tokens.ethers.eth", provider)
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Addressable objects are resolved asynchronously
+ *    contract = new Contract(addr, [ ])
+ *    resolveAddress(contract, provider)
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Unconfigured ENS names reject
+ *    resolveAddress("nothing-here.ricmoo.eth", provider)
+ *    //_error:
+ *
+ *    // ENS names require a NameResolver object passed in
+ *    // (notice the provider was omitted)
+ *    resolveAddress("nothing-here.ricmoo.eth")
+ *    //_error:
+ */
+export function resolveAddress(target: AddressLike, resolver?: null | NameResolver): string | Promise<string> {
+
+    if (typeof(target) === "string") {
+        if (target.match(/^0x[0-9a-f]{40}$/i)) { return getAddress(target); }
+
+        assert(resolver != null, "ENS resolution requires a provider",
+            "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", { operation: "resolveName" });
+
+        return checkAddress(target, resolver.resolveName(target));
+
+    } else if (isAddressable(target)) {
+        return checkAddress(target, target.getAddress());
+
+    } else if (target && typeof(target.then) === "function") {
+        return checkAddress(target, target);
+    }
+
+    assertArgument(false, "unsupported addressable value", "target", target);
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/address/contract-address.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import { keccak256 } from "../crypto/index.js";
+import {
+    concat, dataSlice, getBigInt, getBytes, encodeRlp, assertArgument
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { getAddress } from "./address.js";
+
+import type { BigNumberish, BytesLike } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+
+// http://ethereum.stackexchange.com/questions/760/how-is-the-address-of-an-ethereum-contract-computed
+
+/**
+ *  Returns the address that would result from a ``CREATE`` for %%tx%%.
+ *
+ *  This can be used to compute the address a contract will be
+ *  deployed to by an EOA when sending a deployment transaction (i.e.
+ *  when the ``to`` address is ``null``).
+ *
+ *  This can also be used to compute the address a contract will be
+ *  deployed to by a contract, by using the contract's address as the
+ *  ``to`` and the contract's nonce.
+ *
+ *  @example
+ *    from = "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72";
+ *    nonce = 5;
+ *
+ *    getCreateAddress({ from, nonce });
+ *    //_result:
+ */
+export function getCreateAddress(tx: { from: string, nonce: BigNumberish }): string {
+    const from = getAddress(tx.from);
+    const nonce = getBigInt(tx.nonce, "tx.nonce");
+
+    let nonceHex = nonce.toString(16);
+    if (nonceHex === "0") {
+        nonceHex = "0x";
+    } else if (nonceHex.length % 2) {
+        nonceHex = "0x0" + nonceHex;
+    } else {
+        nonceHex = "0x" + nonceHex;
+    }
+
+    return getAddress(dataSlice(keccak256(encodeRlp([ from, nonceHex ])), 12));
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Returns the address that would result from a ``CREATE2`` operation
+ *  with the given %%from%%, %%salt%% and %%initCodeHash%%.
+ *
+ *  To compute the %%initCodeHash%% from a contract's init code, use
+ *  the [[keccak256]] function.
+ *
+ *  For a quick overview and example of ``CREATE2``, see [[link-ricmoo-wisps]].
+ *
+ *  @example
+ *    // The address of the contract
+ *    from = "0x8ba1f109551bD432803012645Ac136ddd64DBA72"
+ *
+ *    // The salt
+ *    salt = id("HelloWorld")
+ *
+ *    // The hash of the initCode
+ *    initCode = "0x6394198df16000526103ff60206004601c335afa6040516060f3";
+ *    initCodeHash = keccak256(initCode)
+ *
+ *    getCreate2Address(from, salt, initCodeHash)
+ *    //_result:
+ */
+export function getCreate2Address(_from: string, _salt: BytesLike, _initCodeHash: BytesLike): string {
+    const from = getAddress(_from);
+    const salt = getBytes(_salt, "salt");
+    const initCodeHash = getBytes(_initCodeHash, "initCodeHash");
+
+    assertArgument(salt.length === 32, "salt must be 32 bytes", "salt", _salt);
+
+    assertArgument(initCodeHash.length === 32, "initCodeHash must be 32 bytes", "initCodeHash", _initCodeHash);
+
+    return getAddress(dataSlice(keccak256(concat([ "0xff", from, salt, initCodeHash ])), 12))
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/address/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/**
+ *  Addresses are a fundamental part of interacting with Ethereum. They
+ *  represent the global identity of Externally Owned Accounts (accounts
+ *  backed by a private key) and contracts.
+ *
+ *  The Ethereum Naming Service (ENS) provides an interconnected ecosystem
+ *  of contracts, standards and libraries which enable looking up an
+ *  address for an ENS name.
+ *
+ *  These functions help convert between various formats, validate
+ *  addresses and safely resolve ENS names.
+ *
+ *  @_section: api/address:Addresses  [about-addresses]
+ */
+
+null;
+
+/**
+ *  An interface for objects which have an address, and can
+ *  resolve it asyncronously.
+ *
+ *  This allows objects such as [[Signer]] or [[Contract]] to
+ *  be used most places an address can be, for example getting
+ *  the [balance](Provider-getBalance).
+ */
+export interface Addressable {
+    /**
+     *  Get the object address.
+     */
+    getAddress(): Promise<string>;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Anything that can be used to return or resolve an address.
+ */
+export type AddressLike = string | Promise<string> | Addressable;
+
+/**
+ *  An interface for any object which can resolve an ENS name.
+ */
+export interface NameResolver {
+    /**
+     *  Resolve to the address for the ENS %%name%%.
+     *
+     *  Resolves to ``null`` if the name is unconfigued. Use
+     *  [[resolveAddress]] (passing this object as %%resolver%%) to
+     *  throw for names that are unconfigured.
+     */
+    resolveName(name: string): Promise<null | string>;
+}
+
+export { getAddress, getIcapAddress } from "./address.js";
+
+export { getCreateAddress, getCreate2Address } from "./contract-address.js";
+
+
+export { isAddressable, isAddress, resolveAddress } from "./checks.js";

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/constants/addresses.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+/**
+ *  A constant for the zero address.
+ *
+ *  (**i.e.** ``"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"``)
+ */
+export const ZeroAddress: string = "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
+

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/constants/hashes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/**
+ *  A constant for the zero hash.
+ *
+ *  (**i.e.** ``"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"``)
+ */
+export const ZeroHash: string = "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
+

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/constants/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/**
+ *  Some common constants useful for Ethereum.
+ *
+ *  @_section: api/constants: Constants  [about-constants]
+ */
+
+export { ZeroAddress } from "./addresses.js";
+export { ZeroHash } from "./hashes.js";
+export {
+    N,
+    WeiPerEther,
+    MaxUint256,
+    MinInt256,
+    MaxInt256
+} from "./numbers.js";
+export { EtherSymbol, MessagePrefix } from "./strings.js";

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/constants/numbers.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+/**
+ *  A constant for the order N for the secp256k1 curve.
+ *
+ *  (**i.e.** ``0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffebaaedce6af48a03bbfd25e8cd0364141n``)
+ */
+export const N: bigint = BigInt("0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffebaaedce6af48a03bbfd25e8cd0364141");
+
+/**
+ *  A constant for the number of wei in a single ether.
+ *
+ *  (**i.e.** ``1000000000000000000n``)
+ */
+export const WeiPerEther: bigint = BigInt("1000000000000000000");
+
+/**
+ *  A constant for the maximum value for a ``uint256``.
+ *
+ *  (**i.e.** ``0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffn``)
+ */
+export const MaxUint256: bigint = BigInt("0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff");
+
+/**
+ *  A constant for the minimum value for an ``int256``.
+ *
+ *  (**i.e.** ``-8000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000n``)
+ */
+export const MinInt256: bigint = BigInt("0x8000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000") * BigInt(-1);
+
+/**
+ *  A constant for the maximum value for an ``int256``.
+ *
+ *  (**i.e.** ``0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffn``)
+ */
+export const MaxInt256: bigint = BigInt("0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff");

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/constants/strings.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// NFKC (composed)             // (decomposed)
+
+/**
+ *  A constant for the ether symbol (normalized using NFKC).
+ *
+ *  (**i.e.** ``"\\u039e"``)
+ */
+export const EtherSymbol: string = "\u039e";  // "\uD835\uDF63";
+
+
+/**
+ *  A constant for the [[link-eip-191]] personal message prefix.
+ *
+ *  (**i.e.** ``"\\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\\n"``)
+ */
+export const MessagePrefix: string = "\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n";

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/contract/factory.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+
+import { Interface } from "../abi/index.js";
+import { getCreateAddress } from "../address/index.js";
+import {
+    concat, defineProperties, getBytes, hexlify,
+    assert, assertArgument
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { BaseContract, copyOverrides, resolveArgs } from "./contract.js";
+
+import type { InterfaceAbi } from "../abi/index.js";
+import type { Addressable } from "../address/index.js";
+import type { ContractRunner } from "../providers/index.js";
+import type { BytesLike } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type {
+    ContractInterface, ContractMethodArgs, ContractDeployTransaction,
+} from "./types.js";
+import type { ContractTransactionResponse } from "./wrappers.js";
+
+
+// A = Arguments to the constructor
+// I = Interface of deployed contracts
+
+/**
+ *  A **ContractFactory** is used to deploy a Contract to the blockchain.
+ */
+export class ContractFactory<A extends Array<any> = Array<any>, I = BaseContract> {
+
+    /**
+     *  The Contract Interface.
+     */
+    readonly interface!: Interface;
+
+    /**
+     *  The Contract deployment bytecode. Often called the initcode.
+     */
+    readonly bytecode!: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The ContractRunner to deploy the Contract as.
+     */
+    readonly runner!: null | ContractRunner;
+
+    /**
+     *  Create a new **ContractFactory** with %%abi%% and %%bytecode%%,
+     *  optionally connected to %%runner%%.
+     *
+     *  The %%bytecode%% may be the ``bytecode`` property within the
+     *  standard Solidity JSON output.
+     */
+    constructor(abi: Interface | InterfaceAbi, bytecode: BytesLike | { object: string }, runner?: null | ContractRunner) {
+        const iface = Interface.from(abi);
+
+        // Dereference Solidity bytecode objects and allow a missing `0x`-prefix
+        if (bytecode instanceof Uint8Array) {
+            bytecode = hexlify(getBytes(bytecode));
+        } else {
+            if (typeof(bytecode) === "object") { bytecode = bytecode.object; }
+            if (!bytecode.startsWith("0x")) { bytecode = "0x" + bytecode; }
+            bytecode = hexlify(getBytes(bytecode));
+        }
+
+        defineProperties<ContractFactory>(this, {
+            bytecode, interface: iface, runner: (runner || null)
+        });
+    }
+
+    attach(target: string | Addressable): BaseContract & Omit<I, keyof BaseContract> {
+        return new (<any>BaseContract)(target, this.interface, this.runner);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to the transaction to deploy the contract, passing %%args%%
+     *  into the constructor.
+     */
+    async getDeployTransaction(...args: ContractMethodArgs<A>): Promise<ContractDeployTransaction> {
+        let overrides: Omit<ContractDeployTransaction, "data"> = { };
+
+        const fragment = this.interface.deploy;
+
+        if (fragment.inputs.length + 1 === args.length) {
+            overrides = await copyOverrides(args.pop());
+        }
+
+        if (fragment.inputs.length !== args.length) {
+            throw new Error("incorrect number of arguments to constructor");
+        }
+
+        const resolvedArgs = await resolveArgs(this.runner, fragment.inputs, args);
+
+        const data = concat([ this.bytecode, this.interface.encodeDeploy(resolvedArgs) ]);
+        return Object.assign({ }, overrides, { data });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to the Contract deployed by passing %%args%% into the
+     *  constructor.
+     *
+     *  This will resolve to the Contract before it has been deployed to the
+     *  network, so the [[BaseContract-waitForDeployment]] should be used before
+     *  sending any transactions to it.
+     */
+    async deploy(...args: ContractMethodArgs<A>): Promise<BaseContract & { deploymentTransaction(): ContractTransactionResponse } & Omit<I, keyof BaseContract>> {
+        const tx = await this.getDeployTransaction(...args);
+
+        assert(this.runner && typeof(this.runner.sendTransaction) === "function",
+            "factory runner does not support sending transactions", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+            operation: "sendTransaction" });
+
+        const sentTx = await this.runner.sendTransaction(tx);
+        const address = getCreateAddress(sentTx);
+        return new (<any>BaseContract)(address, this.interface, this.runner, sentTx);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return a new **ContractFactory** with the same ABI and bytecode,
+     *  but connected to %%runner%%.
+     */
+    connect(runner: null | ContractRunner): ContractFactory<A, I> {
+        return new ContractFactory(this.interface, this.bytecode, runner);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Create a new **ContractFactory** from the standard Solidity JSON output.
+     */
+    static fromSolidity<A extends Array<any> = Array<any>, I = ContractInterface>(output: any, runner?: ContractRunner): ContractFactory<A, I> {
+        assertArgument(output != null, "bad compiler output", "output", output);
+
+        if (typeof(output) === "string") { output = JSON.parse(output); }
+
+        const abi = output.abi;
+
+        let bytecode = "";
+        if (output.bytecode) {
+            bytecode = output.bytecode;
+        } else if (output.evm && output.evm.bytecode) {
+            bytecode = output.evm.bytecode;
+        }
+
+        return new this(abi, bytecode, runner);
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/contract/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/**
+ *  A **Contract** object is a meta-class (a class whose definition is
+ *  defined at runtime), which communicates with a deployed smart contract
+ *  on the blockchain and provides a simple JavaScript interface to call
+ *  methods, send transaction, query historic logs and listen for its events.
+ *
+ *  @_section: api/contract:Contracts  [about-contracts]
+ */
+export {
+    BaseContract, Contract
+} from "./contract.js";
+
+export {
+    ContractFactory
+} from "./factory.js";
+
+export {
+    ContractEventPayload, ContractUnknownEventPayload,
+    ContractTransactionReceipt, ContractTransactionResponse,
+    EventLog, UndecodedEventLog
+} from "./wrappers.js";
+
+export type {
+    BaseContractMethod, ConstantContractMethod,
+    PostfixOverrides,
+    ContractEvent, ContractEventArgs, ContractEventName,
+    ContractDeployTransaction,
+    ContractInterface, ContractMethod, ContractMethodArgs, ContractTransaction,
+    DeferredTopicFilter, Overrides,
+    WrappedFallback
+} from "./types.js";

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/contract/types.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+import type {
+    EventFragment, FunctionFragment, Result, Typed
+} from "../abi/index.js";
+import type {
+    TransactionRequest, PreparedTransactionRequest, TopicFilter
+} from "../providers/index.js";
+
+import type { ContractTransactionResponse } from "./wrappers.js";
+
+
+/**
+ *  The name for an event used for subscribing to Contract events.
+ *
+ *  **``string``** - An event by name. The event must be non-ambiguous.
+ *  The parameters will be dereferenced when passed into the listener.
+ *
+ *  [[ContractEvent]] - A filter from the ``contract.filters``, which will
+ *  pass only the EventPayload as a single parameter, which includes a
+ *  ``.signature`` property that can be used to further filter the event.
+ *
+ *  [[TopicFilter]] - A filter defined using the standard Ethereum API
+ *  which provides the specific topic hash or topic hashes to watch for along
+ *  with any additional values to filter by. This will only pass a single
+ *  parameter to the listener, the EventPayload which will include additional
+ *  details to refine by, such as the event name and signature.
+ *
+ *  [[DeferredTopicFilter]] - A filter created by calling a [[ContractEvent]]
+ *  with parameters, which will create a filter for a specific event
+ *  signature and dereference each parameter when calling the listener.
+ */
+export type ContractEventName = string | ContractEvent | TopicFilter | DeferredTopicFilter;
+
+/**
+ *  A Contract with no method constraints.
+ */
+export interface ContractInterface {
+    [ name: string ]: BaseContractMethod;
+};
+
+/**
+ *  When creating a filter using the ``contract.filters``, this is returned.
+ */
+export interface DeferredTopicFilter {
+    getTopicFilter(): Promise<TopicFilter>;
+    fragment: EventFragment;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  When populating a transaction this type is returned.
+ */
+export interface ContractTransaction extends PreparedTransactionRequest {
+    /**
+     *  The target address.
+     */
+    to: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The transaction data.
+     */
+    data: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The from address, if any.
+     */
+    from?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A deployment transaction for a contract.
+ */
+export interface ContractDeployTransaction extends Omit<ContractTransaction, "to"> { }
+
+/**
+ *  The overrides for a contract transaction.
+ */
+export interface Overrides extends Omit<TransactionRequest, "to" | "data"> { };
+
+
+/**
+ *  Arguments to a Contract method can always include an additional and
+ *  optional overrides parameter.
+ *
+ *  @_ignore:
+ */
+export type PostfixOverrides<A extends Array<any>> = A | [ ...A, Overrides ];
+
+/**
+ *  Arguments to a Contract method can always include an additional and
+ *  optional overrides parameter, and each parameter can optionally be
+ *  [[Typed]].
+ *
+ *  @_ignore:
+ */
+export type ContractMethodArgs<A extends Array<any>> = PostfixOverrides<{ [ I in keyof A ]-?: A[I] | Typed }>;
+
+// A = Arguments passed in as a tuple
+// R = The result type of the call (i.e. if only one return type,
+//     the qualified type, otherwise Result)
+// D = The type the default call will return (i.e. R for view/pure,
+//     TransactionResponse otherwise)
+
+/**
+ *  A Contract method can be called directly, or used in various ways.
+ */
+export interface BaseContractMethod<A extends Array<any> = Array<any>, R = any, D extends R | ContractTransactionResponse = R | ContractTransactionResponse> {
+    (...args: ContractMethodArgs<A>): Promise<D>;
+
+    /**
+     *  The name of the Contract method.
+     */
+    name: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The fragment of the Contract method. This will throw on ambiguous
+     *  method names.
+     */
+    fragment: FunctionFragment;
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the fragment constrained by %%args%%. This can be used to
+     *  resolve ambiguous method names.
+     */
+    getFragment(...args: ContractMethodArgs<A>): FunctionFragment;
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a populated transaction that can be used to perform the
+     *  contract method with %%args%%.
+     */
+    populateTransaction(...args: ContractMethodArgs<A>): Promise<ContractTransaction>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Call the contract method with %%args%% and return the value.
+     *
+     *  If the return value is a single type, it will be dereferenced and
+     *  returned directly, otherwise the full Result will be returned.
+     */
+    staticCall(...args: ContractMethodArgs<A>): Promise<R>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Send a transaction for the contract method with %%args%%.
+     */
+    send(...args: ContractMethodArgs<A>): Promise<ContractTransactionResponse>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Estimate the gas to send the contract method with %%args%%.
+     */
+    estimateGas(...args: ContractMethodArgs<A>): Promise<bigint>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Call the contract method with %%args%% and return the Result
+     *  without any dereferencing.
+     */
+    staticCallResult(...args: ContractMethodArgs<A>): Promise<Result>;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A contract method on a Contract.
+ */
+export interface ContractMethod<
+    A extends Array<any> = Array<any>,
+    R = any,
+    D extends R | ContractTransactionResponse = R | ContractTransactionResponse
+> extends BaseContractMethod<A, R, D> { }
+
+/**
+ *  A pure of view method on a Contract.
+ */
+export interface ConstantContractMethod<
+    A extends Array<any>,
+    R = any
+> extends ContractMethod<A, R, R> { }
+
+
+/**
+ *  Each argument of an event is nullable (to indicate matching //any//.
+ *
+ *  @_ignore:
+ */
+export type ContractEventArgs<A extends Array<any>> = { [ I in keyof A ]?: A[I] | Typed | null };
+
+export interface ContractEvent<A extends Array<any> = Array<any>> {
+    (...args: ContractEventArgs<A>): DeferredTopicFilter;
+
+    /**
+     *  The name of the Contract event.
+     */
+    name: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The fragment of the Contract event. This will throw on ambiguous
+     *  method names.
+     */
+    fragment: EventFragment;
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the fragment constrained by %%args%%. This can be used to
+     *  resolve ambiguous event names.
+     */
+    getFragment(...args: ContractEventArgs<A>): EventFragment;
+};
+
+/**
+ *  A Fallback or Receive function on a Contract.
+ */
+export interface WrappedFallback {
+    (overrides?: Omit<TransactionRequest, "to">): Promise<ContractTransactionResponse>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a populated transaction that can be used to perform the
+     *  fallback method.
+     *
+     *  For non-receive fallback, ``data`` may be overridden.
+     */
+    populateTransaction(overrides?: Omit<TransactionRequest, "to">): Promise<ContractTransaction>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Call the contract fallback and return the result.
+     *
+     *  For non-receive fallback, ``data`` may be overridden.
+     */
+    staticCall(overrides?: Omit<TransactionRequest, "to">): Promise<string>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Send a transaction to the contract fallback.
+     *
+     *  For non-receive fallback, ``data`` may be overridden.
+     */
+    send(overrides?: Omit<TransactionRequest, "to">): Promise<ContractTransactionResponse>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Estimate the gas to send a transaction to the contract fallback.
+     *
+     *  For non-receive fallback, ``data`` may be overridden.
+     */
+    estimateGas(overrides?: Omit<TransactionRequest, "to">): Promise<bigint>;
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/contract/wrappers.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+// import from provider.ts instead of index.ts to prevent circular dep
+// from EtherscanProvider
+import {
+    Block, Log, TransactionReceipt, TransactionResponse
+} from "../providers/provider.js";
+import { defineProperties, EventPayload } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { EventFragment, Interface, Result } from "../abi/index.js";
+import type { Listener } from "../utils/index.js";
+import type {
+    Provider
+} from "../providers/index.js";
+
+import type { BaseContract } from "./contract.js";
+import type { ContractEventName } from "./types.js";
+
+/**
+ *  An **EventLog** contains additional properties parsed from the [[Log]].
+ */
+export class EventLog extends Log {
+    /**
+     *  The Contract Interface.
+     */
+    readonly interface!: Interface;
+
+    /**
+     *  The matching event.
+     */
+    readonly fragment!: EventFragment;
+
+    /**
+     *  The parsed arguments passed to the event by ``emit``.
+     */
+    readonly args!: Result;
+
+    /**
+     * @_ignore:
+     */
+    constructor(log: Log, iface: Interface, fragment: EventFragment) {
+        super(log, log.provider);
+        const args = iface.decodeEventLog(fragment, log.data, log.topics);
+        defineProperties<EventLog>(this, { args, fragment, interface: iface });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The name of the event.
+     */
+    get eventName(): string { return this.fragment.name; }
+
+    /**
+     *  The signature of the event.
+     */
+    get eventSignature(): string { return this.fragment.format(); }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  An **EventLog** contains additional properties parsed from the [[Log]].
+ */
+export class UndecodedEventLog extends Log {
+
+    /**
+     *  The error encounted when trying to decode the log.
+     */
+    readonly error!: Error;
+
+    /**
+     * @_ignore:
+     */
+    constructor(log: Log, error: Error) {
+        super(log, log.provider);
+        defineProperties<UndecodedEventLog>(this, { error });
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **ContractTransactionReceipt** includes the parsed logs from a
+ *  [[TransactionReceipt]].
+ */
+export class ContractTransactionReceipt extends TransactionReceipt {
+    readonly #iface: Interface;
+
+    /**
+     *  @_ignore:
+     */
+    constructor(iface: Interface, provider: Provider, tx: TransactionReceipt) {
+        super(tx, provider);
+        this.#iface = iface;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The parsed logs for any [[Log]] which has a matching event in the
+     *  Contract ABI.
+     */
+    get logs(): Array<EventLog | Log> {
+        return super.logs.map((log) => {
+            const fragment = log.topics.length ? this.#iface.getEvent(log.topics[0]): null;
+            if (fragment) {
+                try {
+                    return new EventLog(log, this.#iface, fragment)
+                } catch (error: any) {
+                    return new UndecodedEventLog(log, error);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return log;
+        });
+    }
+
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **ContractTransactionResponse** will return a
+ *  [[ContractTransactionReceipt]] when waited on.
+ */
+export class ContractTransactionResponse extends TransactionResponse {
+    readonly #iface: Interface;
+
+    /**
+     *  @_ignore:
+     */
+    constructor(iface: Interface, provider: Provider, tx: TransactionResponse) {
+        super(tx, provider);
+        this.#iface = iface;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves once this transaction has been mined and has
+     *  %%confirms%% blocks including it (default: ``1``) with an
+     *  optional %%timeout%%.
+     *
+     *  This can resolve to ``null`` only if %%confirms%% is ``0``
+     *  and the transaction has not been mined, otherwise this will
+     *  wait until enough confirmations have completed.
+     */
+    async wait(confirms?: number, timeout?: number): Promise<null | ContractTransactionReceipt> {
+        const receipt = await super.wait(confirms, timeout);
+        if (receipt == null) { return null; }
+        return new ContractTransactionReceipt(this.#iface, this.provider, receipt);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **ContractUnknownEventPayload** is included as the last parameter to
+ *  Contract Events when the event does not match any events in the ABI.
+ */
+export  class ContractUnknownEventPayload extends EventPayload<ContractEventName> {
+    /**
+     *  The log with no matching events.
+     */
+    readonly log!: Log;
+
+    /**
+     *  @_event:
+     */
+    constructor(contract: BaseContract, listener: null | Listener, filter: ContractEventName, log: Log) {
+        super(contract, listener, filter);
+        defineProperties<ContractUnknownEventPayload>(this, { log });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to the block the event occured in.
+     */
+    async getBlock(): Promise<Block> {
+        return await this.log.getBlock();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to the transaction the event occured in.
+     */
+    async getTransaction(): Promise<TransactionResponse> {
+        return await this.log.getTransaction();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to the transaction receipt the event occured in.
+     */
+    async getTransactionReceipt(): Promise<TransactionReceipt> {
+        return await this.log.getTransactionReceipt();
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **ContractEventPayload** is included as the last parameter to
+ *  Contract Events when the event is known.
+ */
+export class ContractEventPayload extends ContractUnknownEventPayload {
+
+    /**
+     *  The matching event.
+     */
+    declare readonly fragment: EventFragment;
+
+    /**
+     *  The log, with parsed properties.
+     */
+    declare readonly log: EventLog;
+
+    /**
+     *  The parsed arguments passed to the event by ``emit``.
+     */
+    declare readonly args: Result;
+
+    /**
+     *  @_ignore:
+     */
+    constructor(contract: BaseContract, listener: null | Listener, filter: ContractEventName, fragment: EventFragment, _log: Log) {
+        super(contract, listener, filter, new EventLog(_log, contract.interface, fragment));
+        const args = contract.interface.decodeEventLog(fragment, this.log.data, this.log.topics);
+        defineProperties<ContractEventPayload>(this, { args, fragment });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The event name.
+     */
+    get eventName(): string {
+        return this.fragment.name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The event signature.
+     */
+    get eventSignature(): string {
+        return this.fragment.format();
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/crypto/crypto-browser.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/* Browser Crypto Shims */
+
+import { hmac } from "@noble/hashes/hmac";
+import { pbkdf2 } from "@noble/hashes/pbkdf2";
+import { sha256 } from "@noble/hashes/sha256";
+import { sha512 } from "@noble/hashes/sha512";
+
+import { assert, assertArgument } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+
+declare global {
+    interface Window { }
+
+    const window: Window;
+    const self: Window;
+}
+
+
+function getGlobal(): any {
+  if (typeof self !== 'undefined') { return self; }
+  if (typeof window !== 'undefined') { return window; }
+  if (typeof global !== 'undefined') { return global; }
+  throw new Error('unable to locate global object');
+};
+
+const anyGlobal = getGlobal();
+const crypto: any = anyGlobal.crypto || anyGlobal.msCrypto;
+
+
+export interface CryptoHasher {
+    update(data: Uint8Array): CryptoHasher;
+    digest(): Uint8Array;
+}
+
+export function createHash(algo: string): CryptoHasher {
+    switch (algo) {
+        case "sha256": return sha256.create();
+        case "sha512": return sha512.create();
+    }
+    assertArgument(false, "invalid hashing algorithm name", "algorithm", algo);
+}
+
+export function createHmac(_algo: string, key: Uint8Array): CryptoHasher {
+    const algo = ({ sha256, sha512 }[_algo]);
+    assertArgument(algo != null, "invalid hmac algorithm", "algorithm", _algo);
+    return hmac.create(algo, key);
+}
+
+export function pbkdf2Sync(password: Uint8Array, salt: Uint8Array, iterations: number, keylen: number, _algo: "sha256" | "sha512"): Uint8Array {
+    const algo = ({ sha256, sha512 }[_algo]);
+    assertArgument(algo != null, "invalid pbkdf2 algorithm", "algorithm", _algo);
+    return pbkdf2(algo, password, salt, { c: iterations, dkLen: keylen });
+}
+
+export function randomBytes(length: number): Uint8Array {
+    assert(crypto != null, "platform does not support secure random numbers", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+        operation: "randomBytes" });
+
+    assertArgument(Number.isInteger(length) && length > 0 && length <= 1024, "invalid length", "length", length);
+
+    const result = new Uint8Array(length);
+    crypto.getRandomValues(result);
+    return result;
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/crypto/crypto.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+export {
+    createHash, createHmac, pbkdf2Sync, randomBytes
+} from "crypto";

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/crypto/hmac.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/**
+ *  An **HMAC** enables verification that a given key was used
+ *  to authenticate a payload.
+ *
+ *  See: [[link-wiki-hmac]]
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/crypto:HMAC  [about-hmac]
+ */
+import { createHmac } from "./crypto.js";
+import { getBytes, hexlify } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { BytesLike } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+
+let locked = false;
+
+const _computeHmac = function(algorithm: "sha256" | "sha512", key: Uint8Array, data: Uint8Array): BytesLike {
+    return createHmac(algorithm, key).update(data).digest();
+}
+
+let __computeHmac = _computeHmac;
+
+/**
+ *  Return the HMAC for %%data%% using the %%key%% key with the underlying
+ *  %%algo%% used for compression.
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    key = id("some-secret")
+ *
+ *    // Compute the HMAC
+ *    computeHmac("sha256", key, "0x1337")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // To compute the HMAC of UTF-8 data, the data must be
+ *    // converted to UTF-8 bytes
+ *    computeHmac("sha256", key, toUtf8Bytes("Hello World"))
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ */
+export function computeHmac(algorithm: "sha256" | "sha512", _key: BytesLike, _data: BytesLike): string {
+    const key = getBytes(_key, "key");
+    const data = getBytes(_data, "data");
+    return hexlify(__computeHmac(algorithm, key, data));
+}
+computeHmac._ = _computeHmac;
+computeHmac.lock =  function() { locked = true; }
+computeHmac.register = function(func: (algorithm: "sha256" | "sha512", key: Uint8Array, data: Uint8Array) => BytesLike) {
+    if (locked) { throw new Error("computeHmac is locked"); }
+    __computeHmac = func;
+}
+Object.freeze(computeHmac);

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/crypto/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/**
+ *  A fundamental building block of Ethereum is the underlying
+ *  cryptographic primitives.
+ *
+ *  @_section: api/crypto:Cryptographic Functions   [about-crypto]
+ */
+
+null
+
+// We import all these so we can export lock()
+import { computeHmac } from "./hmac.js";
+import { keccak256 } from "./keccak.js";
+import { ripemd160 } from "./ripemd160.js";
+import { pbkdf2 } from "./pbkdf2.js";
+import { randomBytes } from "./random.js";
+import { scrypt, scryptSync } from "./scrypt.js";
+import { sha256, sha512 } from "./sha2.js";
+
+export {
+    computeHmac,
+
+    randomBytes,
+
+    keccak256,
+    ripemd160,
+    sha256, sha512,
+
+    pbkdf2,
+    scrypt, scryptSync
+};
+
+export { SigningKey } from "./signing-key.js";
+export { Signature } from "./signature.js";
+
+/**
+ *  Once called, prevents any future change to the underlying cryptographic
+ *  primitives using the ``.register`` feature for hooks.
+ */
+function lock(): void {
+    computeHmac.lock();
+    keccak256.lock();
+    pbkdf2.lock();
+    randomBytes.lock();
+    ripemd160.lock();
+    scrypt.lock();
+    scryptSync.lock();
+    sha256.lock();
+    sha512.lock();
+    randomBytes.lock();
+}
+
+export { lock };
+
+/////////////////////////////
+// Types
+
+export type { ProgressCallback } from "./scrypt.js";
+
+export type { SignatureLike } from "./signature.js";

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/crypto/keccak.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/**
+ *  Cryptographic hashing functions
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/crypto:Hash Functions [about-crypto-hashing]
+ */
+
+import { keccak_256 } from "@noble/hashes/sha3";
+
+import { getBytes, hexlify } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { BytesLike } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+
+let locked = false;
+
+const _keccak256 = function(data: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
+    return keccak_256(data);
+}
+
+let __keccak256: (data: Uint8Array) => BytesLike = _keccak256;
+
+/**
+ *  Compute the cryptographic KECCAK256 hash of %%data%%.
+ *
+ *  The %%data%% **must** be a data representation, to compute the
+ *  hash of UTF-8 data use the [[id]] function.
+ *
+ *  @returns DataHexstring
+ *  @example:
+ *    keccak256("0x")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    keccak256("0x1337")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    keccak256(new Uint8Array([ 0x13, 0x37 ]))
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Strings are assumed to be DataHexString, otherwise it will
+ *    // throw. To hash UTF-8 data, see the note above.
+ *    keccak256("Hello World")
+ *    //_error:
+ */
+export function keccak256(_data: BytesLike): string {
+    const data = getBytes(_data, "data");
+    return hexlify(__keccak256(data));
+}
+keccak256._ = _keccak256;
+keccak256.lock = function(): void { locked = true; }
+keccak256.register = function(func: (data: Uint8Array) => BytesLike) {
+    if (locked) { throw new TypeError("keccak256 is locked"); }
+    __keccak256 = func;
+}
+Object.freeze(keccak256);

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/crypto/pbkdf2.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/**
+ *  A **Password-Based Key-Derivation Function** is designed to create
+ *  a sequence of bytes suitible as a **key** from a human-rememberable
+ *  password.
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/crypto:Passwords  [about-pbkdf]
+ */
+
+import { pbkdf2Sync } from "./crypto.js";
+
+import { getBytes, hexlify } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { BytesLike } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+
+let locked = false;
+
+const _pbkdf2 = function(password: Uint8Array, salt: Uint8Array, iterations: number, keylen: number, algo: "sha256" | "sha512"): BytesLike {
+    return pbkdf2Sync(password, salt, iterations, keylen, algo);
+}
+
+let __pbkdf2 = _pbkdf2;
+
+/**
+ *  Return the [[link-pbkdf2]] for %%keylen%% bytes for %%password%% using
+ *  the %%salt%% and using %%iterations%% of %%algo%%.
+ *
+ *  This PBKDF is outdated and should not be used in new projects, but is
+ *  required to decrypt older files.
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    // The password must be converted to bytes, and it is generally
+ *    // best practices to ensure the string has been normalized. Many
+ *    // formats explicitly indicate the normalization form to use.
+ *    password = "hello"
+ *    passwordBytes = toUtf8Bytes(password, "NFKC")
+ *
+ *    salt = id("some-salt")
+ *
+ *    // Compute the PBKDF2
+ *    pbkdf2(passwordBytes, salt, 1024, 16, "sha256")
+ *    //_result:
+ */
+export function pbkdf2(_password: BytesLike, _salt: BytesLike, iterations: number, keylen: number, algo: "sha256" | "sha512"): string {
+    const password = getBytes(_password, "password");
+    const salt = getBytes(_salt, "salt");
+    return hexlify(__pbkdf2(password, salt, iterations, keylen, algo));
+}
+pbkdf2._ = _pbkdf2;
+pbkdf2.lock = function(): void { locked = true; }
+pbkdf2.register = function(func: (password: Uint8Array, salt: Uint8Array, iterations: number, keylen: number, algo: "sha256" | "sha512") => BytesLike) {
+    if (locked) { throw new Error("pbkdf2 is locked"); }
+    __pbkdf2 = func;
+}
+Object.freeze(pbkdf2);

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/crypto/random.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ *  A **Cryptographically Secure Random Value** is one that has been
+ *  generated with additional care take to prevent side-channels
+ *  from allowing others to detect it and prevent others from through
+ *  coincidence generate the same values.
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/crypto:Random Values  [about-crypto-random]
+ */
+import { randomBytes as crypto_random } from "./crypto.js";
+
+let locked = false;
+
+const _randomBytes = function(length: number): Uint8Array {
+    return new Uint8Array(crypto_random(length));
+}
+
+let __randomBytes = _randomBytes;
+
+/**
+ *  Return %%length%% bytes of cryptographically secure random data.
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    randomBytes(8)
+ *    //_result:
+ */
+export function randomBytes(length: number): Uint8Array {
+    return __randomBytes(length);
+}
+
+randomBytes._ = _randomBytes;
+randomBytes.lock = function(): void { locked = true; }
+randomBytes.register = function(func: (length: number) => Uint8Array) {
+    if (locked) { throw new Error("randomBytes is locked"); }
+    __randomBytes = func;
+}
+Object.freeze(randomBytes);

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/crypto/ripemd160.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { ripemd160 as noble_ripemd160 } from "@noble/hashes/ripemd160";
+
+import { getBytes,  hexlify } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { BytesLike } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+
+let locked = false;
+
+const _ripemd160 = function(data: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
+    return noble_ripemd160(data);
+}
+
+let __ripemd160: (data: Uint8Array) => BytesLike = _ripemd160;
+
+/**
+ *  Compute the cryptographic RIPEMD-160 hash of %%data%%.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/crypto:Hash Functions
+ *  @returns DataHexstring
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    ripemd160("0x")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    ripemd160("0x1337")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    ripemd160(new Uint8Array([ 0x13, 0x37 ]))
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ */
+export function ripemd160(_data: BytesLike): string {
+    const data = getBytes(_data, "data");
+    return hexlify(__ripemd160(data));
+}
+ripemd160._ = _ripemd160;
+ripemd160.lock = function(): void { locked = true; }
+ripemd160.register = function(func: (data: Uint8Array) => BytesLike) {
+    if (locked) { throw new TypeError("ripemd160 is locked"); }
+    __ripemd160 = func;
+}
+Object.freeze(ripemd160);

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/crypto/scrypt.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import { scrypt as _nobleSync, scryptAsync as _nobleAsync } from "@noble/hashes/scrypt";
+
+import { getBytes, hexlify as H } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { BytesLike } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+/**
+ *  A callback during long-running operations to update any
+ *  UI or provide programatic access to the progress.
+ *
+ *  The %%percent%% is a value between ``0`` and ``1``.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/crypto:Passwords
+ */
+export type ProgressCallback = (percent: number) => void;
+
+
+let lockedSync = false, lockedAsync = false;
+
+const _scryptAsync = async function(passwd: Uint8Array, salt: Uint8Array, N: number, r: number, p: number, dkLen: number, onProgress?: ProgressCallback) {
+    return await _nobleAsync(passwd, salt, { N, r, p, dkLen, onProgress });
+}
+const _scryptSync = function(passwd: Uint8Array, salt: Uint8Array, N: number, r: number, p: number, dkLen: number) {
+    return _nobleSync(passwd, salt, { N, r, p, dkLen });
+}
+
+let __scryptAsync: (passwd: Uint8Array, salt: Uint8Array, N: number, r: number, p: number, dkLen: number, onProgress?: ProgressCallback) => Promise<BytesLike> = _scryptAsync;
+let __scryptSync: (passwd: Uint8Array, salt: Uint8Array, N: number, r: number, p: number, dkLen: number) => BytesLike = _scryptSync
+
+
+/**
+ *  The [[link-wiki-scrypt]] uses a memory and cpu hard method of
+ *  derivation to increase the resource cost to brute-force a password
+ *  for a given key.
+ *
+ *  This means this algorithm is intentionally slow, and can be tuned to
+ *  become slower. As computation and memory speed improve over time,
+ *  increasing the difficulty maintains the cost of an attacker.
+ *
+ *  For example, if a target time of 5 seconds is used, a legitimate user
+ *  which knows their password requires only 5 seconds to unlock their
+ *  account. A 6 character password has 68 billion possibilities, which
+ *  would require an attacker to invest over 10,000 years of CPU time. This
+ *  is of course a crude example (as password generally aren't random),
+ *  but demonstrates to value of imposing large costs to decryption.
+ *
+ *  For this reason, if building a UI which involved decrypting or
+ *  encrypting datsa using scrypt, it is recommended to use a
+ *  [[ProgressCallback]] (as event short periods can seem lik an eternity
+ *  if the UI freezes). Including the phrase //"decrypting"// in the UI
+ *  can also help, assuring the user their waiting is for a good reason.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/crypto:Passwords
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    // The password must be converted to bytes, and it is generally
+ *    // best practices to ensure the string has been normalized. Many
+ *    // formats explicitly indicate the normalization form to use.
+ *    password = "hello"
+ *    passwordBytes = toUtf8Bytes(password, "NFKC")
+ *
+ *    salt = id("some-salt")
+ *
+ *    // Compute the scrypt
+ *    scrypt(passwordBytes, salt, 1024, 8, 1, 16)
+ *    //_result:
+ */
+export async function scrypt(_passwd: BytesLike, _salt: BytesLike, N: number, r: number, p: number, dkLen: number, progress?: ProgressCallback): Promise<string> {
+    const passwd = getBytes(_passwd, "passwd");
+    const salt = getBytes(_salt, "salt");
+    return H(await __scryptAsync(passwd, salt, N, r, p, dkLen, progress));
+}
+scrypt._ = _scryptAsync;
+scrypt.lock = function(): void { lockedAsync = true; }
+scrypt.register = function(func: (passwd: Uint8Array, salt: Uint8Array, N: number, r: number, p: number, dkLen: number, progress?: ProgressCallback) => Promise<BytesLike>) {
+    if (lockedAsync) { throw new Error("scrypt is locked"); }
+    __scryptAsync = func;
+}
+Object.freeze(scrypt);
+
+/**
+ *  Provides a synchronous variant of [[scrypt]].
+ *
+ *  This will completely lock up and freeze the UI in a browser and will
+ *  prevent any event loop from progressing. For this reason, it is
+ *  preferred to use the [async variant](scrypt).
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/crypto:Passwords
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    // The password must be converted to bytes, and it is generally
+ *    // best practices to ensure the string has been normalized. Many
+ *    // formats explicitly indicate the normalization form to use.
+ *    password = "hello"
+ *    passwordBytes = toUtf8Bytes(password, "NFKC")
+ *
+ *    salt = id("some-salt")
+ *
+ *    // Compute the scrypt
+ *    scryptSync(passwordBytes, salt, 1024, 8, 1, 16)
+ *    //_result:
+ */
+export function scryptSync(_passwd: BytesLike, _salt: BytesLike, N: number, r: number, p: number, dkLen: number): string {
+    const passwd = getBytes(_passwd, "passwd");
+    const salt = getBytes(_salt, "salt");
+    return H(__scryptSync(passwd, salt, N, r, p, dkLen));
+}
+scryptSync._ = _scryptSync;
+scryptSync.lock = function(): void { lockedSync = true; }
+scryptSync.register = function(func: (passwd: Uint8Array, salt: Uint8Array, N: number, r: number, p: number, dkLen: number) => BytesLike) {
+    if (lockedSync) { throw new Error("scryptSync is locked"); }
+    __scryptSync = func;
+}
+Object.freeze(scryptSync);

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/crypto/sha2.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+import { createHash } from "./crypto.js";
+
+import { getBytes, hexlify } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { BytesLike } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+
+const _sha256 = function(data: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
+    return createHash("sha256").update(data).digest();
+}
+
+const _sha512 = function(data: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
+    return createHash("sha512").update(data).digest();
+}
+
+let __sha256: (data: Uint8Array) => BytesLike = _sha256;
+let __sha512: (data: Uint8Array) => BytesLike = _sha512;
+
+let locked256 = false, locked512 = false;
+
+
+/**
+ *  Compute the cryptographic SHA2-256 hash of %%data%%.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/crypto:Hash Functions
+ *  @returns DataHexstring
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    sha256("0x")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    sha256("0x1337")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    sha256(new Uint8Array([ 0x13, 0x37 ]))
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ */
+export function sha256(_data: BytesLike): string {
+    const data = getBytes(_data, "data");
+    return hexlify(__sha256(data));
+}
+sha256._ = _sha256;
+sha256.lock = function(): void { locked256 = true; }
+sha256.register = function(func: (data: Uint8Array) => BytesLike): void {
+    if (locked256) { throw new Error("sha256 is locked"); }
+    __sha256 = func;
+}
+Object.freeze(sha256);
+
+
+/**
+ *  Compute the cryptographic SHA2-512 hash of %%data%%.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/crypto:Hash Functions
+ *  @returns DataHexstring
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    sha512("0x")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    sha512("0x1337")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    sha512(new Uint8Array([ 0x13, 0x37 ]))
+ *    //_result:
+ */
+export function sha512(_data: BytesLike): string {
+    const data = getBytes(_data, "data");
+    return hexlify(__sha512(data));
+}
+sha512._ = _sha512;
+sha512.lock = function(): void { locked512 = true; }
+sha512.register = function(func: (data: Uint8Array) => BytesLike): void {
+    if (locked512) { throw new Error("sha512 is locked"); }
+    __sha512 = func;
+}
+Object.freeze(sha256);

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/crypto/signature.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+
+import { ZeroHash } from "../constants/index.js";
+import {
+    concat, dataLength, getBigInt, getBytes, getNumber, hexlify,
+    toBeArray, isHexString, zeroPadValue,
+    assertArgument, assertPrivate
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type {
+    BigNumberish, BytesLike, Numeric
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+
+// Constants
+const BN_0 = BigInt(0);
+const BN_1 = BigInt(1);
+const BN_2 = BigInt(2);
+const BN_27 = BigInt(27);
+const BN_28 = BigInt(28);
+const BN_35 = BigInt(35);
+const BN_N = BigInt("0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffebaaedce6af48a03bbfd25e8cd0364141");
+const BN_N_2 = BN_N / BN_2; // Must be integer (floor) division; do NOT shifts
+
+const inspect = Symbol.for("nodejs.util.inspect.custom");
+
+const _guard = { };
+
+// @TODO: Allow Uint8Array
+
+/**
+ *  A SignatureLike
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/crypto:Signing
+ */
+export type SignatureLike = Signature | string | {
+    r: string;
+    s: string;
+    v: BigNumberish;
+    yParity?: 0 | 1;
+    yParityAndS?: string;
+} | {
+    r: string;
+    yParityAndS: string;
+    yParity?: 0 | 1;
+    s?: string;
+    v?: number;
+} | {
+    r: string;
+    s: string;
+    yParity: 0 | 1;
+    v?: BigNumberish;
+    yParityAndS?: string;
+};
+
+function toUint256(value: BigNumberish): string {
+    return zeroPadValue(toBeArray(value), 32);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A Signature  @TODO
+ *
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/crypto:Signing
+ */
+export class Signature {
+    #r: string;
+    #s: string;
+    #v: 27 | 28;
+    #networkV: null | bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The ``r`` value for a signature.
+     *
+     *  This represents the ``x`` coordinate of a "reference" or
+     *  challenge point, from which the ``y`` can be computed.
+     */
+    get r(): string { return this.#r; }
+    set r(value: BytesLike) {
+        assertArgument(dataLength(value) === 32, "invalid r", "value", value);
+        this.#r = hexlify(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The ``s`` value for a signature.
+     */
+    get s(): string {
+        assertArgument(parseInt(this.#s.substring(0, 3)) < 8, "non-canonical s; use ._s", "s", this.#s);
+        return this.#s;
+    }
+    set s(_value: BytesLike) {
+        assertArgument(dataLength(_value) === 32, "invalid s", "value", _value);
+        this.#s = hexlify(_value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return the s value, unchecked for EIP-2 compliance.
+     *
+     *  This should generally not be used and is for situations where
+     *  a non-canonical S value might be relevant, such as Frontier blocks
+     *  that were mined prior to EIP-2 or invalid Authorization List
+     *  signatures.
+     */
+    get _s(): string { return this.#s; }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns true if the Signature is valid for [[link-eip-2]] signatures.
+     */
+    isValid(): boolean {
+        const s = BigInt(this.#s);
+        return (s <= BN_N_2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The ``v`` value for a signature.
+     *
+     *  Since a given ``x`` value for ``r`` has two possible values for
+     *  its correspondin ``y``, the ``v`` indicates which of the two ``y``
+     *  values to use.
+     *
+     *  It is normalized to the values ``27`` or ``28`` for legacy
+     *  purposes.
+     */
+    get v(): 27 | 28 { return this.#v; }
+    set v(value: BigNumberish) {
+        const v = getNumber(value, "value");
+        assertArgument(v === 27 || v === 28, "invalid v", "v", value);
+        this.#v = v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The EIP-155 ``v`` for legacy transactions. For non-legacy
+     *  transactions, this value is ``null``.
+     */
+    get networkV(): null | bigint { return this.#networkV; }
+
+    /**
+     *  The chain ID for EIP-155 legacy transactions. For non-legacy
+     *  transactions, this value is ``null``.
+     */
+    get legacyChainId(): null | bigint {
+        const v = this.networkV;
+        if (v == null) { return null; }
+        return Signature.getChainId(v);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The ``yParity`` for the signature.
+     *
+     *  See ``v`` for more details on how this value is used.
+     */
+    get yParity(): 0 | 1 {
+        return (this.v === 27) ? 0: 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The [[link-eip-2098]] compact representation of the ``yParity``
+     *  and ``s`` compacted into a single ``bytes32``.
+     */
+    get yParityAndS(): string {
+        // The EIP-2098 compact representation
+        const yParityAndS = getBytes(this.s);
+        if (this.yParity) { yParityAndS[0] |= 0x80; }
+        return hexlify(yParityAndS);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The [[link-eip-2098]] compact representation.
+     */
+    get compactSerialized(): string {
+        return concat([ this.r, this.yParityAndS ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The serialized representation.
+     */
+    get serialized(): string {
+        return concat([ this.r, this.s, (this.yParity ? "0x1c": "0x1b") ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  @private
+     */
+    constructor(guard: any, r: string, s: string, v: 27 | 28) {
+        assertPrivate(guard, _guard, "Signature");
+        this.#r = r;
+        this.#s = s;
+        this.#v = v;
+        this.#networkV = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the canonical signature.
+     *
+     *  This is only necessary when dealing with legacy transaction which
+     *  did not enforce canonical S values (i.e. [[link-eip-2]]. Most
+     *  developers should never require this.
+     */
+    getCanonical(): Signature {
+        if (this.isValid()) { return this; }
+
+        // Compute the canonical signature; s' = N - s, v = !v
+        const s = BN_N - BigInt(this._s);
+        const v = <27 | 28>(55 - this.v);
+        const result = new Signature(_guard, this.r, toUint256(s), v);
+
+        // Populate the networkV if necessary
+        if (this.networkV) { result.#networkV =  this.networkV; }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a new identical [[Signature]].
+     */
+    clone(): Signature {
+        const clone = new Signature(_guard, this.r, this._s, this.v);
+        if (this.networkV) { clone.#networkV = this.networkV; }
+        return clone;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a representation that is compatible with ``JSON.stringify``.
+     */
+    toJSON(): any {
+        const networkV = this.networkV;
+        return {
+            _type: "signature",
+            networkV: ((networkV != null) ? networkV.toString(): null),
+            r: this.r, s: this._s, v: this.v,
+        };
+    }
+
+    [inspect](): string {
+        return this.toString();
+    }
+
+    toString(): string {
+        if (this.isValid()) {
+            return `Signature { r: ${ this.r }, s: ${ this._s }, v: ${ this.v } }`;
+        }
+        return `Signature { r: ${ this.r }, s: ${ this._s }, v: ${ this.v }, valid: false }`;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Compute the chain ID from the ``v`` in a legacy EIP-155 transactions.
+     *
+     *  @example:
+     *    Signature.getChainId(45)
+     *    //_result:
+     *
+     *    Signature.getChainId(46)
+     *    //_result:
+     */
+    static getChainId(v: BigNumberish): bigint {
+        const bv = getBigInt(v, "v");
+
+        // The v is not an EIP-155 v, so it is the unspecified chain ID
+        if ((bv == BN_27) || (bv == BN_28)) { return BN_0; }
+
+        // Bad value for an EIP-155 v
+        assertArgument(bv >= BN_35, "invalid EIP-155 v", "v", v);
+
+        return (bv - BN_35) / BN_2;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Compute the ``v`` for a chain ID for a legacy EIP-155 transactions.
+     *
+     *  Legacy transactions which use [[link-eip-155]] hijack the ``v``
+     *  property to include the chain ID.
+     *
+     *  @example:
+     *    Signature.getChainIdV(5, 27)
+     *    //_result:
+     *
+     *    Signature.getChainIdV(5, 28)
+     *    //_result:
+     *
+     */
+    static getChainIdV(chainId: BigNumberish, v: 27 | 28): bigint {
+        return (getBigInt(chainId) * BN_2) + BigInt(35 + v - 27);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Compute the normalized legacy transaction ``v`` from a ``yParirty``,
+     *  a legacy transaction ``v`` or a legacy [[link-eip-155]] transaction.
+     *
+     *  @example:
+     *    // The values 0 and 1 imply v is actually yParity
+     *    Signature.getNormalizedV(0)
+     *    //_result:
+     *
+     *    // Legacy non-EIP-1559 transaction (i.e. 27 or 28)
+     *    Signature.getNormalizedV(27)
+     *    //_result:
+     *
+     *    // Legacy EIP-155 transaction (i.e. >= 35)
+     *    Signature.getNormalizedV(46)
+     *    //_result:
+     *
+     *    // Invalid values throw
+     *    Signature.getNormalizedV(5)
+     *    //_error:
+     */
+    static getNormalizedV(v: BigNumberish): 27 | 28 {
+        const bv = getBigInt(v);
+
+        if (bv === BN_0 || bv === BN_27) { return 27; }
+        if (bv === BN_1 || bv === BN_28) { return 28; }
+
+        assertArgument(bv >= BN_35, "invalid v", "v", v);
+
+        // Otherwise, EIP-155 v means odd is 27 and even is 28
+        return (bv & BN_1) ? 27: 28;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new [[Signature]].
+     *
+     *  If no %%sig%% is provided, a new [[Signature]] is created
+     *  with default values.
+     *
+     *  If %%sig%% is a string, it is parsed.
+     */
+    static from(sig?: SignatureLike): Signature {
+        function assertError(check: unknown, message: string): asserts check {
+            assertArgument(check, message, "signature", sig);
+        };
+
+        if (sig == null) {
+            return new Signature(_guard, ZeroHash, ZeroHash, 27);
+        }
+
+        if (typeof(sig) === "string") {
+            const bytes = getBytes(sig, "signature");
+            if (bytes.length === 64) {
+                const r = hexlify(bytes.slice(0, 32));
+                const s = bytes.slice(32, 64);
+                const v = (s[0] & 0x80) ? 28: 27;
+                s[0] &= 0x7f;
+                return new Signature(_guard, r, hexlify(s), v);
+            }
+
+            if (bytes.length === 65) {
+                const r = hexlify(bytes.slice(0, 32));
+                const s = hexlify(bytes.slice(32, 64));
+                const v = Signature.getNormalizedV(bytes[64]);
+                return new Signature(_guard, r, s, v);
+            }
+
+            assertError(false, "invalid raw signature length");
+        }
+
+        if (sig instanceof Signature) { return sig.clone(); }
+
+        // Get r
+        const _r = sig.r;
+        assertError(_r != null, "missing r");
+        const r = toUint256(_r);
+
+        // Get s; by any means necessary (we check consistency below)
+        const s = (function(s?: string, yParityAndS?: string) {
+            if (s != null) { return toUint256(s); }
+
+            if (yParityAndS != null) {
+                assertError(isHexString(yParityAndS, 32), "invalid yParityAndS");
+                const bytes = getBytes(yParityAndS);
+                bytes[0] &= 0x7f;
+                return hexlify(bytes);
+            }
+
+            assertError(false, "missing s");
+        })(sig.s, sig.yParityAndS);
+
+        // Get v; by any means necessary (we check consistency below)
+        const { networkV, v } = (function(_v?: BigNumberish, yParityAndS?: string, yParity?: Numeric): { networkV?: bigint, v: 27 | 28 } {
+            if (_v != null) {
+                const v = getBigInt(_v);
+                return {
+                    networkV: ((v >= BN_35) ? v: undefined),
+                    v: Signature.getNormalizedV(v)
+                };
+            }
+
+            if (yParityAndS != null) {
+                assertError(isHexString(yParityAndS, 32), "invalid yParityAndS");
+                return { v: ((getBytes(yParityAndS)[0] & 0x80) ? 28: 27) };
+            }
+
+            if (yParity != null) {
+                switch (getNumber(yParity, "sig.yParity")) {
+                    case 0: return { v: 27 };
+                    case 1: return { v: 28 };
+                }
+                assertError(false, "invalid yParity");
+            }
+
+            assertError(false, "missing v");
+        })(sig.v, sig.yParityAndS, sig.yParity);
+
+        const result = new Signature(_guard, r, s, v);
+        if (networkV) { result.#networkV =  networkV; }
+
+        // If multiple of v, yParity, yParityAndS we given, check they match
+        assertError(sig.yParity == null || getNumber(sig.yParity, "sig.yParity") === result.yParity, "yParity mismatch");
+        assertError(sig.yParityAndS == null || sig.yParityAndS === result.yParityAndS, "yParityAndS mismatch");
+
+        return result;
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/crypto/signing-key.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/**
+ *  Add details about signing here.
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/crypto:Signing  [about-signing]
+ */
+
+import { secp256k1 } from "@noble/curves/secp256k1";
+
+import {
+    concat, dataLength, getBytes, getBytesCopy, hexlify, toBeHex,
+    assertArgument
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { Signature } from "./signature.js";
+
+import type { BytesLike } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { SignatureLike } from "./index.js";
+
+
+/**
+ *  A **SigningKey** provides high-level access to the elliptic curve
+ *  cryptography (ECC) operations and key management.
+ */
+export class SigningKey {
+    #privateKey: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **SigningKey** for %%privateKey%%.
+     */
+    constructor(privateKey: BytesLike) {
+        assertArgument(dataLength(privateKey) === 32, "invalid private key", "privateKey", "[REDACTED]");
+        this.#privateKey = hexlify(privateKey);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The private key.
+     */
+    get privateKey(): string { return this.#privateKey; }
+
+    /**
+     *  The uncompressed public key.
+     *
+     * This will always begin with the prefix ``0x04`` and be 132
+     * characters long (the ``0x`` prefix and 130 hexadecimal nibbles).
+     */
+    get publicKey(): string { return SigningKey.computePublicKey(this.#privateKey); }
+
+    /**
+     *  The compressed public key.
+     *
+     *  This will always begin with either the prefix ``0x02`` or ``0x03``
+     *  and be 68 characters long (the ``0x`` prefix and 33 hexadecimal
+     *  nibbles)
+     */
+    get compressedPublicKey(): string { return SigningKey.computePublicKey(this.#privateKey, true); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return the signature of the signed %%digest%%.
+     */
+    sign(digest: BytesLike): Signature {
+        assertArgument(dataLength(digest) === 32, "invalid digest length", "digest", digest);
+
+        const sig = secp256k1.sign(getBytesCopy(digest), getBytesCopy(this.#privateKey), {
+            lowS: true
+        });
+
+        return Signature.from({
+            r: toBeHex(sig.r, 32),
+            s: toBeHex(sig.s, 32),
+            v: (sig.recovery ? 0x1c: 0x1b)
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the [[link-wiki-ecdh]] shared secret between this
+     *  private key and the %%other%% key.
+     *
+     *  The %%other%% key may be any type of key, a raw public key,
+     *  a compressed/uncompressed pubic key or aprivate key.
+     *
+     *  Best practice is usually to use a cryptographic hash on the
+     *  returned value before using it as a symetric secret.
+     *
+     *  @example:
+     *    sign1 = new SigningKey(id("some-secret-1"))
+     *    sign2 = new SigningKey(id("some-secret-2"))
+     *
+     *    // Notice that privA.computeSharedSecret(pubB)...
+     *    sign1.computeSharedSecret(sign2.publicKey)
+     *    //_result:
+     *
+     *    // ...is equal to privB.computeSharedSecret(pubA).
+     *    sign2.computeSharedSecret(sign1.publicKey)
+     *    //_result:
+     */
+    computeSharedSecret(other: BytesLike): string {
+        const pubKey = SigningKey.computePublicKey(other);
+        return hexlify(secp256k1.getSharedSecret(getBytesCopy(this.#privateKey), getBytes(pubKey), false));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Compute the public key for %%key%%, optionally %%compressed%%.
+     *
+     *  The %%key%% may be any type of key, a raw public key, a
+     *  compressed/uncompressed public key or private key.
+     *
+     *  @example:
+     *    sign = new SigningKey(id("some-secret"));
+     *
+     *    // Compute the uncompressed public key for a private key
+     *    SigningKey.computePublicKey(sign.privateKey)
+     *    //_result:
+     *
+     *    // Compute the compressed public key for a private key
+     *    SigningKey.computePublicKey(sign.privateKey, true)
+     *    //_result:
+     *
+     *    // Compute the uncompressed public key
+     *    SigningKey.computePublicKey(sign.publicKey, false);
+     *    //_result:
+     *
+     *    // Compute the Compressed a public key
+     *    SigningKey.computePublicKey(sign.publicKey, true);
+     *    //_result:
+     */
+    static computePublicKey(key: BytesLike, compressed?: boolean): string {
+        let bytes = getBytes(key, "key");
+
+        // private key
+        if (bytes.length === 32) {
+            const pubKey = secp256k1.getPublicKey(bytes, !!compressed);
+            return hexlify(pubKey);
+        }
+
+        // raw public key; use uncompressed key with 0x04 prefix
+        if (bytes.length === 64) {
+            const pub = new Uint8Array(65);
+            pub[0] = 0x04;
+            pub.set(bytes, 1);
+            bytes = pub;
+        }
+
+        const point = secp256k1.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(bytes);
+        return hexlify(point.toRawBytes(compressed));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the public key for the private key which produced the
+     *  %%signature%% for the given %%digest%%.
+     *
+     *  @example:
+     *    key = new SigningKey(id("some-secret"))
+     *    digest = id("hello world")
+     *    sig = key.sign(digest)
+     *
+     *    // Notice the signer public key...
+     *    key.publicKey
+     *    //_result:
+     *
+     *    // ...is equal to the recovered public key
+     *    SigningKey.recoverPublicKey(digest, sig)
+     *    //_result:
+     *
+     */
+    static recoverPublicKey(digest: BytesLike, signature: SignatureLike): string {
+        assertArgument(dataLength(digest) === 32, "invalid digest length", "digest", digest);
+
+        const sig = Signature.from(signature);
+
+        let secpSig = secp256k1.Signature.fromCompact(getBytesCopy(concat([ sig.r, sig.s ])));
+        secpSig = secpSig.addRecoveryBit(sig.yParity);
+
+        const pubKey = secpSig.recoverPublicKey(getBytesCopy(digest));
+        assertArgument(pubKey != null, "invalid signature for digest", "signature", signature);
+
+        return "0x" + pubKey.toHex(false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the point resulting from adding the ellipic curve points
+     *  %%p0%% and %%p1%%.
+     *
+     *  This is not a common function most developers should require, but
+     *  can be useful for certain privacy-specific techniques.
+     *
+     *  For example, it is used by [[HDNodeWallet]] to compute child
+     *  addresses from parent public keys and chain codes.
+     */
+    static addPoints(p0: BytesLike, p1: BytesLike, compressed?: boolean): string {
+        const pub0 = secp256k1.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(SigningKey.computePublicKey(p0).substring(2));
+        const pub1 = secp256k1.ProjectivePoint.fromHex(SigningKey.computePublicKey(p1).substring(2));
+        return "0x" + pub0.add(pub1).toHex(!!compressed)
+    }
+}
+

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/ethers.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+
+
+/////////////////////////////
+//
+
+export { version } from "./_version.js";
+
+export {
+    decodeBytes32String, encodeBytes32String,
+
+    AbiCoder,
+    ConstructorFragment, ErrorFragment, EventFragment, Fragment, FallbackFragment, FunctionFragment, NamedFragment, ParamType, StructFragment,
+
+    checkResultErrors, ErrorDescription, Indexed, Interface, LogDescription, Result, TransactionDescription,
+    Typed,
+} from "./abi/index.js";
+
+export {
+    getAddress, getIcapAddress,
+    getCreateAddress, getCreate2Address,
+    isAddressable, isAddress, resolveAddress
+} from "./address/index.js";
+
+export {
+    ZeroAddress,
+    WeiPerEther, MaxUint256, MinInt256, MaxInt256, N,
+    ZeroHash,
+    EtherSymbol, MessagePrefix
+} from "./constants/index.js";
+
+export {
+    BaseContract, Contract,
+    ContractFactory,
+    ContractEventPayload, ContractTransactionReceipt, ContractTransactionResponse, ContractUnknownEventPayload, EventLog, UndecodedEventLog
+} from "./contract/index.js";
+
+export {
+    computeHmac,
+    randomBytes,
+    keccak256,
+    ripemd160,
+    sha256, sha512,
+    pbkdf2,
+    scrypt, scryptSync,
+    lock,
+    Signature, SigningKey
+} from "./crypto/index.js";
+
+export {
+    id,
+    ensNormalize, isValidName, namehash, dnsEncode,
+    hashAuthorization, verifyAuthorization,
+    hashMessage, verifyMessage,
+    solidityPacked, solidityPackedKeccak256, solidityPackedSha256,
+    TypedDataEncoder,
+    verifyTypedData
+} from "./hash/index.js";
+
+export {
+    getDefaultProvider,
+
+    Block, FeeData, Log, TransactionReceipt, TransactionResponse,
+
+    AbstractSigner, NonceManager, VoidSigner,
+
+    AbstractProvider,
+
+    FallbackProvider,
+    JsonRpcApiProvider, JsonRpcProvider, JsonRpcSigner,
+
+    BrowserProvider,
+
+    AlchemyProvider, AnkrProvider, BlockscoutProvider, ChainstackProvider,
+    CloudflareProvider, EtherscanProvider, InfuraProvider,
+    InfuraWebSocketProvider, PocketProvider, QuickNodeProvider,
+
+    IpcSocketProvider, SocketProvider, WebSocketProvider,
+
+    EnsResolver,
+    Network,
+
+    EnsPlugin, EtherscanPlugin,
+    FeeDataNetworkPlugin, FetchUrlFeeDataNetworkPlugin,
+    GasCostPlugin, NetworkPlugin, MulticoinProviderPlugin,
+
+    SocketBlockSubscriber, SocketEventSubscriber, SocketPendingSubscriber,
+    SocketSubscriber, UnmanagedSubscriber,
+
+    copyRequest, showThrottleMessage
+} from "./providers/index.js";
+
+export {
+    accessListify, authorizationify,
+    computeAddress, recoverAddress,
+    Transaction
+} from "./transaction/index.js";
+
+export {
+    decodeBase58, encodeBase58,
+    decodeBase64, encodeBase64,
+    concat, dataLength, dataSlice, getBytes, getBytesCopy, hexlify,
+    isHexString, isBytesLike, stripZerosLeft, zeroPadBytes, zeroPadValue,
+    defineProperties, resolveProperties,
+    assert, assertArgument, assertArgumentCount, assertNormalize, assertPrivate,
+    makeError,
+    isCallException, isError,
+    EventPayload,
+    FetchRequest, FetchResponse, FetchCancelSignal,
+    FixedNumber,
+    getBigInt, getNumber, getUint, toBeArray, toBigInt, toBeHex, toNumber, toQuantity,
+    fromTwos, toTwos, mask,
+    formatEther, parseEther, formatUnits, parseUnits,
+    toUtf8Bytes, toUtf8CodePoints, toUtf8String,
+    Utf8ErrorFuncs,
+    decodeRlp, encodeRlp,
+    uuidV4,
+} from "./utils/index.js";
+
+export {
+    Mnemonic,
+    BaseWallet, HDNodeWallet, HDNodeVoidWallet,
+    Wallet,
+
+    defaultPath,
+
+    getAccountPath, getIndexedAccountPath,
+    isCrowdsaleJson, isKeystoreJson,
+
+    decryptCrowdsaleJson, decryptKeystoreJsonSync, decryptKeystoreJson,
+    encryptKeystoreJson, encryptKeystoreJsonSync,
+} from "./wallet/index.js";
+
+export {
+    Wordlist, LangEn, WordlistOwl, WordlistOwlA, wordlists
+} from "./wordlists/index.js";
+
+
+
+/////////////////////////////
+// Types
+
+export type {
+    JsonFragment, JsonFragmentType,
+    FormatType, FragmentType,
+    InterfaceAbi,
+    ParamTypeWalkFunc, ParamTypeWalkAsyncFunc
+} from "./abi/index.js";
+
+export type {
+    Addressable, AddressLike, NameResolver
+} from "./address/index.js";
+
+export type {
+    ConstantContractMethod, ContractEvent, ContractEventArgs, ContractEventName,
+    ContractInterface, ContractMethod, ContractMethodArgs, ContractTransaction,
+    DeferredTopicFilter, Overrides,
+    BaseContractMethod, ContractDeployTransaction, PostfixOverrides,
+    WrappedFallback
+} from "./contract/index.js";
+
+export type { ProgressCallback, SignatureLike } from "./crypto/index.js";
+
+export type {
+    AuthorizationRequest, TypedDataDomain, TypedDataField
+} from "./hash/index.js";
+
+export type {
+    Provider, Signer,
+
+    CommunityResourcable,
+
+    AbstractProviderOptions, BrowserProviderOptions, FallbackProviderOptions,
+
+    AbstractProviderPlugin, BlockParams, BlockTag, BrowserDiscoverOptions,
+    ContractRunner, DebugEventBrowserProvider, Eip1193Provider,
+    Eip6963ProviderInfo, EventFilter, Filter, FilterByBlockHash,
+    GasCostParameters, JsonRpcApiProviderOptions, JsonRpcError,
+    JsonRpcPayload, JsonRpcResult, JsonRpcTransactionRequest, LogParams,
+    MinedBlock, MinedTransactionResponse, Networkish, OrphanFilter,
+    PerformActionFilter, PerformActionRequest, PerformActionTransaction,
+    PreparedTransactionRequest, ProviderEvent, Subscriber, Subscription,
+    TopicFilter, TransactionReceiptParams, TransactionRequest,
+    TransactionResponseParams, WebSocketCreator, WebSocketLike
+} from "./providers/index.js";
+
+export type {
+    AccessList, AccessListish, AccessListEntry,
+    Authorization, AuthorizationLike,
+    Blob, BlobLike, KzgLibrary, KzgLibraryLike,
+    TransactionLike
+} from "./transaction/index.js";
+
+export type {
+    BytesLike,
+    BigNumberish, Numeric,
+    ErrorCode,
+    FixedFormat,
+    Utf8ErrorFunc, UnicodeNormalizationForm, Utf8ErrorReason,
+    RlpStructuredData, RlpStructuredDataish,
+
+    GetUrlResponse,
+    FetchPreflightFunc, FetchProcessFunc, FetchRetryFunc,
+    FetchGatewayFunc, FetchGetUrlFunc,
+
+    EthersError, UnknownError, NotImplementedError, UnsupportedOperationError, NetworkError,
+    ServerError, TimeoutError, BadDataError, CancelledError, BufferOverrunError,
+    NumericFaultError, InvalidArgumentError, MissingArgumentError, UnexpectedArgumentError,
+    CallExceptionError, InsufficientFundsError, NonceExpiredError, OffchainFaultError,
+    ReplacementUnderpricedError, TransactionReplacedError, UnconfiguredNameError,
+    ActionRejectedError,
+    CodedEthersError,
+
+    CallExceptionAction, CallExceptionTransaction,
+    EventEmitterable, Listener
+} from "./utils/index.js";
+
+export type {
+    CrowdsaleAccount, KeystoreAccount, EncryptOptions
+} from "./wallet/index.js";
+
+// dummy change; to pick-up ws security issue changes

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/hash/authorization.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { getAddress } from "../address/index.js";
+import { keccak256 } from "../crypto/index.js";
+import { recoverAddress } from "../transaction/index.js";
+import {
+    assertArgument, concat, encodeRlp, toBeArray
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { Addressable } from "../address/index.js";
+import type { SignatureLike } from "../crypto/index.js";
+import type { BigNumberish, Numeric } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+export interface AuthorizationRequest {
+    address: string | Addressable;
+    nonce?: Numeric;
+    chainId?: BigNumberish;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Computes the [[link-eip-7702]] authorization digest to sign.
+ */
+export function hashAuthorization(auth: AuthorizationRequest): string {
+    assertArgument(typeof(auth.address) === "string", "invalid address for hashAuthorization", "auth.address", auth);
+    return keccak256(concat([
+        "0x05", encodeRlp([
+            (auth.chainId != null) ? toBeArray(auth.chainId): "0x",
+            getAddress(auth.address),
+            (auth.nonce != null) ? toBeArray(auth.nonce): "0x",
+        ])
+    ]));
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Return the address of the private key that produced
+ *  the signature %%sig%% during signing for %%message%%.
+ */
+export function verifyAuthorization(auth: AuthorizationRequest, sig: SignatureLike): string {
+    return recoverAddress(hashAuthorization(auth), sig);
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/hash/id.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { keccak256 } from "../crypto/index.js";
+import { toUtf8Bytes } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+/**
+ *  A simple hashing function which operates on UTF-8 strings to
+ *  compute an 32-byte identifier.
+ *
+ *  This simply computes the [UTF-8 bytes](toUtf8Bytes) and computes
+ *  the [[keccak256]].
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    id("hello world")
+ *    //_result:
+ */
+export function id(value: string): string {
+    return keccak256(toUtf8Bytes(value));
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/hash/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/**
+ *  Utilities for common tasks involving hashing. Also see
+ *  [cryptographic hashing](about-crypto-hashing).
+ *
+ *  @_section: api/hashing:Hashing Utilities  [about-hashing]
+ */
+
+export { hashAuthorization, verifyAuthorization } from "./authorization.js";
+export { id } from "./id.js"
+export { ensNormalize, isValidName, namehash, dnsEncode } from "./namehash.js";
+export { hashMessage, verifyMessage } from "./message.js";
+export {
+    solidityPacked, solidityPackedKeccak256, solidityPackedSha256
+} from "./solidity.js";
+export { TypedDataEncoder, verifyTypedData } from "./typed-data.js";
+
+export type { AuthorizationRequest } from "./authorization.js";
+export type { TypedDataDomain, TypedDataField } from "./typed-data.js";

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/hash/message.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { keccak256 } from "../crypto/index.js";
+import { MessagePrefix } from "../constants/index.js";
+import { recoverAddress } from "../transaction/index.js";
+import { concat, toUtf8Bytes } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { SignatureLike } from "../crypto/index.js";
+/**
+ *  Computes the [[link-eip-191]] personal-sign message digest to sign.
+ *
+ *  This prefixes the message with [[MessagePrefix]] and the decimal length
+ *  of %%message%% and computes the [[keccak256]] digest.
+ *
+ *  If %%message%% is a string, it is converted to its UTF-8 bytes
+ *  first. To compute the digest of a [[DataHexString]], it must be converted
+ *  to [bytes](getBytes).
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    hashMessage("Hello World")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Hashes the SIX (6) string characters, i.e.
+ *    // [ "0", "x", "4", "2", "4", "3" ]
+ *    hashMessage("0x4243")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Hashes the TWO (2) bytes [ 0x42, 0x43 ]...
+ *    hashMessage(getBytes("0x4243"))
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // ...which is equal to using data
+ *    hashMessage(new Uint8Array([ 0x42, 0x43 ]))
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ */
+export function hashMessage(message: Uint8Array | string): string {
+    if (typeof(message) === "string") { message = toUtf8Bytes(message); }
+    return keccak256(concat([
+        toUtf8Bytes(MessagePrefix),
+        toUtf8Bytes(String(message.length)),
+        message
+    ]));
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Return the address of the private key that produced
+ *  the signature %%sig%% during signing for %%message%%.
+ */
+export function verifyMessage(message: Uint8Array | string, sig: SignatureLike): string {
+    const digest = hashMessage(message);
+    return recoverAddress(digest, sig);
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/hash/namehash.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+
+import { keccak256 } from "../crypto/index.js";
+import {
+    concat, hexlify, assertArgument, toUtf8Bytes
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+
+import { ens_normalize } from "@adraffy/ens-normalize";
+
+const Zeros = new Uint8Array(32);
+Zeros.fill(0);
+
+function checkComponent(comp: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
+    assertArgument(comp.length !== 0, "invalid ENS name; empty component", "comp", comp)
+    return comp;
+}
+
+function ensNameSplit(name: string): Array<Uint8Array> {
+    const bytes = toUtf8Bytes(ensNormalize(name));
+    const comps: Array<Uint8Array> = [ ];
+
+    if (name.length === 0) { return comps; }
+
+    let last = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+        const d = bytes[i];
+
+        // A separator (i.e. "."); copy this component
+        if (d === 0x2e) {
+            comps.push(checkComponent(bytes.slice(last, i)));
+            last = i + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // There was a stray separator at the end of the name
+    assertArgument(last < bytes.length, "invalid ENS name; empty component", "name", name);
+
+    comps.push(checkComponent(bytes.slice(last)));
+    return comps;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Returns the ENS %%name%% normalized.
+ */
+export function ensNormalize(name: string): string {
+    try {
+        if (name.length === 0) { throw new Error("empty label"); }
+        return ens_normalize(name);
+    } catch (error: any) {
+        assertArgument(false, `invalid ENS name (${ error.message })`, "name", name);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Returns ``true`` if %%name%% is a valid ENS name.
+ */
+export function isValidName(name: string): name is string {
+    try {
+        return (ensNameSplit(name).length !== 0);
+    } catch (error) { }
+    return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Returns the [[link-namehash]] for %%name%%.
+ */
+export function namehash(name: string): string {
+    assertArgument(typeof(name) === "string", "invalid ENS name; not a string", "name", name);
+
+    assertArgument(name.length, `invalid ENS name (empty label)`, "name", name);
+
+    let result: string | Uint8Array = Zeros;
+
+    const comps = ensNameSplit(name);
+    while (comps.length) {
+        result = keccak256(concat([ result, keccak256(<Uint8Array>(comps.pop()))] ));
+    }
+
+    return hexlify(result);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Returns the DNS encoded %%name%%.
+ *
+ *  This is used for various parts of ENS name resolution, such
+ *  as the wildcard resolution.
+ */
+export function dnsEncode(name: string, _maxLength?: number): string {
+    const length = (_maxLength != null) ? _maxLength: 63;
+
+    assertArgument(length <= 255, "DNS encoded label cannot exceed 255", "length", length);
+
+    return hexlify(concat(ensNameSplit(name).map((comp) => {
+        assertArgument(comp.length <= length, `label ${ JSON.stringify(name) } exceeds ${ length } bytes`, "name", name);
+
+        const bytes = new Uint8Array(comp.length + 1);
+        bytes.set(comp, 1);
+        bytes[0] = bytes.length - 1;
+        return bytes;
+    }))) + "00";
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/hash/solidity.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+import { getAddress } from "../address/index.js";
+import {
+    keccak256 as _keccak256, sha256 as _sha256
+} from "../crypto/index.js";
+import {
+    concat, dataLength, getBytes, hexlify, toBeArray, toTwos, toUtf8Bytes, zeroPadBytes, zeroPadValue,
+    assertArgument
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+
+const regexBytes = new RegExp("^bytes([0-9]+)$");
+const regexNumber = new RegExp("^(u?int)([0-9]*)$");
+const regexArray = new RegExp("^(.*)\\[([0-9]*)\\]$");
+
+
+function _pack(type: string, value: any, isArray?: boolean): Uint8Array {
+    switch(type) {
+        case "address":
+            if (isArray) { return getBytes(zeroPadValue(value, 32)); }
+            return getBytes(getAddress(value));
+        case "string":
+            return toUtf8Bytes(value);
+        case "bytes":
+            return getBytes(value);
+        case "bool":
+            value = (!!value ? "0x01": "0x00");
+            if (isArray) { return getBytes(zeroPadValue(value, 32)); }
+            return getBytes(value);
+    }
+
+    let match =  type.match(regexNumber);
+    if (match) {
+        let signed = (match[1] === "int");
+        let size = parseInt(match[2] || "256")
+
+        assertArgument((!match[2] || match[2] === String(size)) && (size % 8 === 0) && size !== 0 && size <= 256, "invalid number type", "type", type);
+
+        if (isArray) { size = 256; }
+
+        if (signed) { value = toTwos(value, size); }
+
+        return getBytes(zeroPadValue(toBeArray(value), size / 8));
+    }
+
+    match = type.match(regexBytes);
+    if (match) {
+        const size = parseInt(match[1]);
+
+        assertArgument(String(size) === match[1] && size !== 0 && size <= 32, "invalid bytes type", "type", type);
+        assertArgument(dataLength(value) === size, `invalid value for ${ type }`, "value", value);
+
+        if (isArray) { return getBytes(zeroPadBytes(value, 32)); }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    match = type.match(regexArray);
+    if (match && Array.isArray(value)) {
+        const baseType = match[1];
+        const count = parseInt(match[2] || String(value.length));
+        assertArgument(count === value.length, `invalid array length for ${ type }`, "value", value);
+
+        const result: Array<Uint8Array> = [];
+        value.forEach(function(value) {
+            result.push(_pack(baseType, value, true));
+        });
+        return getBytes(concat(result));
+    }
+
+    assertArgument(false, "invalid type", "type", type)
+}
+
+// @TODO: Array Enum
+
+/**
+ *   Computes the [[link-solc-packed]] representation of %%values%%
+ *   respectively to their %%types%%.
+ *
+ *   @example:
+ *       addr = "0x8ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba72"
+ *       solidityPacked([ "address", "uint" ], [ addr, 45 ]);
+ *       //_result:
+ */
+export function solidityPacked(types: ReadonlyArray<string>, values: ReadonlyArray<any>): string {
+    assertArgument(types.length === values.length, "wrong number of values; expected ${ types.length }", "values", values);
+
+    const tight: Array<Uint8Array> = [];
+    types.forEach(function(type, index) {
+        tight.push(_pack(type, values[index]));
+    });
+    return hexlify(concat(tight));
+}
+
+/**
+ *   Computes the [[link-solc-packed]] [[keccak256]] hash of %%values%%
+ *   respectively to their %%types%%.
+ *
+ *   @example:
+ *       addr = "0x8ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba72"
+ *       solidityPackedKeccak256([ "address", "uint" ], [ addr, 45 ]);
+ *       //_result:
+ */
+export function solidityPackedKeccak256(types: ReadonlyArray<string>, values: ReadonlyArray<any>): string {
+    return _keccak256(solidityPacked(types, values));
+}
+
+/**
+ *   Computes the [[link-solc-packed]] [[sha256]] hash of %%values%%
+ *   respectively to their %%types%%.
+ *
+ *   @example:
+ *       addr = "0x8ba1f109551bd432803012645ac136ddd64dba72"
+ *       solidityPackedSha256([ "address", "uint" ], [ addr, 45 ]);
+ *       //_result:
+ */
+export function solidityPackedSha256(types: ReadonlyArray<string>, values: ReadonlyArray<any>): string {
+    return _sha256(solidityPacked(types, values));
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/hash/typed-data.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,658 @@
+//import { TypedDataDomain, TypedDataField } from "@ethersproject/providerabstract-signer";
+import { getAddress } from "../address/index.js";
+import { keccak256 } from "../crypto/index.js";
+import { recoverAddress } from "../transaction/index.js";
+import {
+    concat, defineProperties, getBigInt, getBytes, hexlify, isHexString, mask, toBeHex, toQuantity, toTwos, zeroPadValue,
+    assertArgument
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { id } from "./id.js";
+
+import type { SignatureLike } from "../crypto/index.js";
+import type { BigNumberish, BytesLike } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+
+const padding = new Uint8Array(32);
+padding.fill(0);
+
+const BN__1 = BigInt(-1);
+const BN_0 = BigInt(0);
+const BN_1 = BigInt(1);
+const BN_MAX_UINT256 = BigInt("0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff");
+
+// @TODO: in v7, verifyingContract should be an AddressLike and use resolveAddress
+
+/**
+ *  The domain for an [[link-eip-712]] payload.
+ */
+export interface TypedDataDomain {
+    /**
+     *  The human-readable name of the signing domain.
+     */
+    name?: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The major version of the signing domain.
+     */
+    version?: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The chain ID of the signing domain.
+     */
+    chainId?: null | BigNumberish;
+
+    /**
+     *  The the address of the contract that will verify the signature.
+     */
+    verifyingContract?: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  A salt used for purposes decided by the specific domain.
+     */
+    salt?: null | BytesLike;
+};
+
+/**
+ *  A specific field of a structured [[link-eip-712]] type.
+ */
+export interface TypedDataField {
+    /**
+     *  The field name.
+     */
+    name: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The type of the field.
+     */
+    type: string;
+};
+
+function hexPadRight(value: BytesLike): string {
+    const bytes = getBytes(value);
+    const padOffset = bytes.length % 32
+    if (padOffset) {
+        return concat([ bytes, padding.slice(padOffset) ]);
+    }
+    return hexlify(bytes);
+}
+
+const hexTrue = toBeHex(BN_1, 32);
+const hexFalse = toBeHex(BN_0, 32);
+
+const domainFieldTypes: Record<string, string> = {
+    name: "string",
+    version: "string",
+    chainId: "uint256",
+    verifyingContract: "address",
+    salt: "bytes32"
+};
+
+const domainFieldNames: Array<string> = [
+    "name", "version", "chainId", "verifyingContract", "salt"
+];
+
+function checkString(key: string): (value: any) => string {
+    return function (value: any){
+        assertArgument(typeof(value) === "string", `invalid domain value for ${ JSON.stringify(key) }`, `domain.${ key }`, value);
+        return value;
+    }
+}
+
+const domainChecks: Record<string, (value: any) => any> = {
+    name: checkString("name"),
+    version: checkString("version"),
+    chainId: function(_value: any) {
+        const value = getBigInt(_value, "domain.chainId");
+        assertArgument(value >= 0, "invalid chain ID", "domain.chainId", _value);
+        if (Number.isSafeInteger(value)) { return Number(value); }
+        return toQuantity(value);
+    },
+    verifyingContract: function(value: any) {
+        try {
+            return getAddress(value).toLowerCase();
+        } catch (error) { }
+        assertArgument(false, `invalid domain value "verifyingContract"`, "domain.verifyingContract", value);
+    },
+    salt: function(value: any) {
+        const bytes = getBytes(value, "domain.salt");
+        assertArgument(bytes.length === 32, `invalid domain value "salt"`, "domain.salt", value);
+        return hexlify(bytes);
+    }
+}
+
+function getBaseEncoder(type: string): null | ((value: any) => string) {
+    // intXX and uintXX
+    {
+        const match = type.match(/^(u?)int(\d+)$/);
+        if (match) {
+            const signed = (match[1] === "");
+
+            const width = parseInt(match[2]);
+            assertArgument(width % 8 === 0 && width !== 0 && width <= 256 && match[2] === String(width), "invalid numeric width", "type", type);
+
+            const boundsUpper = mask(BN_MAX_UINT256, signed ? (width - 1): width);
+            const boundsLower = signed ? ((boundsUpper + BN_1) * BN__1): BN_0;
+
+            return function(_value: BigNumberish) {
+                const value = getBigInt(_value, "value");
+
+                assertArgument(value >= boundsLower && value <= boundsUpper, `value out-of-bounds for ${ type }`, "value", value);
+
+                return toBeHex(signed ? toTwos(value, 256): value, 32);
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    // bytesXX
+    {
+        const match = type.match(/^bytes(\d+)$/);
+        if (match) {
+            const width = parseInt(match[1]);
+            assertArgument(width !== 0 && width <= 32 && match[1] === String(width), "invalid bytes width", "type", type);
+
+            return function(value: BytesLike) {
+                const bytes = getBytes(value);
+                assertArgument(bytes.length === width, `invalid length for ${ type }`, "value", value);
+                return hexPadRight(value);
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    switch (type) {
+        case "address": return function(value: string) {
+            return zeroPadValue(getAddress(value), 32);
+        };
+        case "bool": return function(value: boolean) {
+            return ((!value) ? hexFalse: hexTrue);
+        };
+        case "bytes": return function(value: BytesLike) {
+            return keccak256(value);
+        };
+        case "string": return function(value: string) {
+            return id(value);
+        };
+    }
+
+    return null;
+}
+
+function encodeType(name: string, fields: Array<TypedDataField>): string {
+    return `${ name }(${ fields.map(({ name, type }) => (type + " " + name)).join(",") })`;
+}
+
+type ArrayResult = {
+    base: string;         // The base type
+    index?: string;       // the full Index (if any)
+    array?: {             // The Array... (if index)
+        base: string;     // ...base type (same as above)
+        prefix: string;   // ...sans the final Index
+        count: number;    // ...the final Index (-1 for dynamic)
+    }
+};
+
+// foo[][3] => { base: "foo", index: "[][3]", array: {
+//     base: "foo", prefix: "foo[]", count: 3 } }
+function splitArray(type: string): ArrayResult {
+    const match = type.match(/^([^\x5b]*)((\x5b\d*\x5d)*)(\x5b(\d*)\x5d)$/);
+    if (match) {
+        return {
+            base: match[1],
+            index: (match[2] + match[4]),
+            array: {
+                base: match[1],
+                prefix: (match[1] + match[2]),
+                count: (match[5] ? parseInt(match[5]): -1),
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    return { base: type };
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **TypedDataEncode** prepares and encodes [[link-eip-712]] payloads
+ *  for signed typed data.
+ *
+ *  This is useful for those that wish to compute various components of a
+ *  typed data hash, primary types, or sub-components, but generally the
+ *  higher level [[Signer-signTypedData]] is more useful.
+ */
+export class TypedDataEncoder {
+    /**
+     *  The primary type for the structured [[types]].
+     *
+     *  This is derived automatically from the [[types]], since no
+     *  recursion is possible, once the DAG for the types is consturcted
+     *  internally, the primary type must be the only remaining type with
+     *  no parent nodes.
+     */
+    readonly primaryType!: string;
+
+    readonly #types: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The types.
+     */
+    get types(): Record<string, Array<TypedDataField>> {
+        return JSON.parse(this.#types);
+    }
+
+    readonly #fullTypes: Map<string, string>
+
+    readonly #encoderCache: Map<string, (value: any) => string>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Create a new **TypedDataEncoder** for %%types%%.
+     *
+     *  This performs all necessary checking that types are valid and
+     *  do not violate the [[link-eip-712]] structural constraints as
+     *  well as computes the [[primaryType]].
+     */
+    constructor(_types: Record<string, Array<TypedDataField>>) {
+        this.#fullTypes = new Map();
+        this.#encoderCache = new Map();
+
+        // Link struct types to their direct child structs
+        const links: Map<string, Set<string>> = new Map();
+
+        // Link structs to structs which contain them as a child
+        const parents: Map<string, Array<string>> = new Map();
+
+        // Link all subtypes within a given struct
+        const subtypes: Map<string, Set<string>> = new Map();
+
+        const types: Record<string, Array<TypedDataField>> = { };
+        Object.keys(_types).forEach((type) => {
+            types[type] = _types[type].map(({ name, type }) => {
+
+                // Normalize the base type (unless name conflict)
+                let { base, index } = splitArray(type);
+                if (base === "int" && !_types["int"]) { base = "int256"; }
+                if (base === "uint" && !_types["uint"]) { base = "uint256"; }
+
+                return { name, type: (base + (index || "")) };
+            });
+
+            links.set(type, new Set());
+            parents.set(type, [ ]);
+            subtypes.set(type, new Set());
+        });
+        this.#types = JSON.stringify(types);
+
+        for (const name in types) {
+            const uniqueNames: Set<string> = new Set();
+
+            for (const field of types[name]) {
+
+                // Check each field has a unique name
+                assertArgument(!uniqueNames.has(field.name), `duplicate variable name ${ JSON.stringify(field.name) } in ${ JSON.stringify(name) }`, "types", _types);
+                uniqueNames.add(field.name);
+
+                // Get the base type (drop any array specifiers)
+                const baseType = splitArray(field.type).base;
+                assertArgument(baseType !== name, `circular type reference to ${ JSON.stringify(baseType) }`, "types", _types);
+
+                // Is this a base encoding type?
+                const encoder = getBaseEncoder(baseType);
+                if (encoder) { continue; }
+
+                assertArgument(parents.has(baseType), `unknown type ${ JSON.stringify(baseType) }`, "types", _types);
+
+                // Add linkage
+                (parents.get(baseType) as Array<string>).push(name);
+                (links.get(name) as Set<string>).add(baseType);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Deduce the primary type
+        const primaryTypes = Array.from(parents.keys()).filter((n) => ((parents.get(n) as Array<string>).length === 0));
+        assertArgument(primaryTypes.length !== 0, "missing primary type", "types", _types);
+        assertArgument(primaryTypes.length === 1, `ambiguous primary types or unused types: ${ primaryTypes.map((t) => (JSON.stringify(t))).join(", ") }`, "types", _types);
+
+        defineProperties<TypedDataEncoder>(this, { primaryType: primaryTypes[0] });
+
+        // Check for circular type references
+        function checkCircular(type: string, found: Set<string>) {
+            assertArgument(!found.has(type), `circular type reference to ${ JSON.stringify(type) }`, "types", _types);
+
+            found.add(type);
+
+            for (const child of (links.get(type) as Set<string>)) {
+                if (!parents.has(child)) { continue; }
+
+                // Recursively check children
+                checkCircular(child, found);
+
+                // Mark all ancestors as having this decendant
+                for (const subtype of found) {
+                    (subtypes.get(subtype) as Set<string>).add(child);
+                }
+            }
+
+            found.delete(type);
+        }
+        checkCircular(this.primaryType, new Set());
+
+        // Compute each fully describe type
+        for (const [ name, set ] of subtypes) {
+            const st = Array.from(set);
+            st.sort();
+            this.#fullTypes.set(name, encodeType(name, types[name]) + st.map((t) => encodeType(t, types[t])).join(""));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returnthe encoder for the specific %%type%%.
+     */
+    getEncoder(type: string): (value: any) => string {
+        let encoder = this.#encoderCache.get(type);
+        if (!encoder) {
+            encoder = this.#getEncoder(type);
+            this.#encoderCache.set(type, encoder);
+        }
+        return encoder;
+    }
+
+    #getEncoder(type: string): (value: any) => string {
+
+        // Basic encoder type (address, bool, uint256, etc)
+        {
+            const encoder = getBaseEncoder(type);
+            if (encoder) { return encoder; }
+        }
+
+        // Array
+        const array = splitArray(type).array;
+        if (array) {
+            const subtype = array.prefix;
+            const subEncoder = this.getEncoder(subtype);
+            return (value: Array<any>) => {
+                assertArgument(array.count === -1 || array.count === value.length, `array length mismatch; expected length ${ array.count }`, "value", value);
+
+                let result = value.map(subEncoder);
+                if (this.#fullTypes.has(subtype)) {
+                    result = result.map(keccak256);
+                }
+
+                return keccak256(concat(result));
+            };
+        }
+
+        // Struct
+        const fields = this.types[type];
+        if (fields) {
+            const encodedType = id(this.#fullTypes.get(type) as string);
+            return (value: Record<string, any>) => {
+                const values = fields.map(({ name, type }) => {
+                    const result = this.getEncoder(type)(value[name]);
+                    if (this.#fullTypes.has(type)) { return keccak256(result); }
+                    return result;
+                });
+                values.unshift(encodedType);
+                return concat(values);
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertArgument(false, `unknown type: ${ type }`, "type", type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return the full type for %%name%%.
+     */
+    encodeType(name: string): string {
+        const result = this.#fullTypes.get(name);
+        assertArgument(result, `unknown type: ${ JSON.stringify(name) }`, "name", name);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return the encoded %%value%% for the %%type%%.
+     */
+    encodeData(type: string, value: any): string {
+        return this.getEncoder(type)(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the hash of %%value%% for the type of %%name%%.
+     */
+    hashStruct(name: string, value: Record<string, any>): string {
+        return keccak256(this.encodeData(name, value));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return the fulled encoded %%value%% for the [[types]].
+     */
+    encode(value: Record<string, any>): string {
+        return this.encodeData(this.primaryType, value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return the hash of the fully encoded %%value%% for the [[types]].
+     */
+    hash(value: Record<string, any>): string {
+        return this.hashStruct(this.primaryType, value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  @_ignore:
+     */
+    _visit(type: string, value: any, callback: (type: string, data: any) => any): any {
+        // Basic encoder type (address, bool, uint256, etc)
+        {
+            const encoder = getBaseEncoder(type);
+            if (encoder) { return callback(type, value); }
+        }
+
+        // Array
+        const array = splitArray(type).array;
+        if (array) {
+            assertArgument(array.count === -1 || array.count === value.length, `array length mismatch; expected length ${ array.count }`, "value", value);
+            return value.map((v: any) => this._visit(array.prefix, v, callback));
+        }
+
+        // Struct
+        const fields = this.types[type];
+        if (fields) {
+            return fields.reduce((accum, { name, type }) => {
+                accum[name] = this._visit(type, value[name], callback);
+                return accum;
+            }, <Record<string, any>>{});
+        }
+
+        assertArgument(false, `unknown type: ${ type }`, "type", type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Call %%calback%% for each value in %%value%%, passing the type and
+     *  component within %%value%%.
+     *
+     *  This is useful for replacing addresses or other transformation that
+     *  may be desired on each component, based on its type.
+     */
+    visit(value: Record<string, any>, callback: (type: string, data: any) => any): any {
+        return this._visit(this.primaryType, value, callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Create a new **TypedDataEncoder** for %%types%%.
+     */
+    static from(types: Record<string, Array<TypedDataField>>): TypedDataEncoder {
+        return new TypedDataEncoder(types);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return the primary type for %%types%%.
+     */
+    static getPrimaryType(types: Record<string, Array<TypedDataField>>): string {
+        return TypedDataEncoder.from(types).primaryType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return the hashed struct for %%value%% using %%types%% and %%name%%.
+     */
+    static hashStruct(name: string, types: Record<string, Array<TypedDataField>>, value: Record<string, any>): string {
+        return TypedDataEncoder.from(types).hashStruct(name, value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return the domain hash for %%domain%%.
+     */
+    static hashDomain(domain: TypedDataDomain): string {
+        const domainFields: Array<TypedDataField> = [ ];
+        for (const name in domain) {
+            if ((<Record<string, any>>domain)[name] == null) { continue; }
+            const type = domainFieldTypes[name];
+            assertArgument(type, `invalid typed-data domain key: ${ JSON.stringify(name) }`, "domain", domain);
+            domainFields.push({ name, type });
+        }
+
+        domainFields.sort((a, b) => {
+            return domainFieldNames.indexOf(a.name) - domainFieldNames.indexOf(b.name);
+        });
+
+        return TypedDataEncoder.hashStruct("EIP712Domain", { EIP712Domain: domainFields }, domain);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return the fully encoded [[link-eip-712]] %%value%% for %%types%% with %%domain%%.
+     */
+    static encode(domain: TypedDataDomain, types: Record<string, Array<TypedDataField>>, value: Record<string, any>): string {
+        return concat([
+            "0x1901",
+            TypedDataEncoder.hashDomain(domain),
+            TypedDataEncoder.from(types).hash(value)
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return the hash of the fully encoded [[link-eip-712]] %%value%% for %%types%% with %%domain%%.
+     */
+    static hash(domain: TypedDataDomain, types: Record<string, Array<TypedDataField>>, value: Record<string, any>): string {
+        return keccak256(TypedDataEncoder.encode(domain, types, value));
+    }
+
+    // Replaces all address types with ENS names with their looked up address
+    /**
+     * Resolves to the value from resolving all addresses in %%value%% for
+     * %%types%% and the %%domain%%.
+     */
+    static async resolveNames(domain: TypedDataDomain, types: Record<string, Array<TypedDataField>>, value: Record<string, any>, resolveName: (name: string) => Promise<string>): Promise<{ domain: TypedDataDomain, value: any }> {
+        // Make a copy to isolate it from the object passed in
+        domain = Object.assign({ }, domain);
+
+        // Allow passing null to ignore value
+        for (const key in domain) {
+            if ((<Record<string, any>>domain)[key] == null) {
+                delete (<Record<string, any>>domain)[key];
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Look up all ENS names
+        const ensCache: Record<string, string> = { };
+
+        // Do we need to look up the domain's verifyingContract?
+        if (domain.verifyingContract && !isHexString(domain.verifyingContract, 20)) {
+            ensCache[domain.verifyingContract] = "0x";
+        }
+
+        // We are going to use the encoder to visit all the base values
+        const encoder = TypedDataEncoder.from(types);
+
+        // Get a list of all the addresses
+        encoder.visit(value, (type: string, value: any) => {
+            if (type === "address" && !isHexString(value, 20)) {
+                ensCache[value] = "0x";
+            }
+            return value;
+        });
+
+        // Lookup each name
+        for (const name in ensCache) {
+            ensCache[name] = await resolveName(name);
+        }
+
+        // Replace the domain verifyingContract if needed
+        if (domain.verifyingContract && ensCache[domain.verifyingContract]) {
+            domain.verifyingContract = ensCache[domain.verifyingContract];
+        }
+
+        // Replace all ENS names with their address
+        value = encoder.visit(value, (type: string, value: any) => {
+            if (type === "address" && ensCache[value]) { return ensCache[value]; }
+            return value;
+        });
+
+        return { domain, value };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the JSON-encoded payload expected by nodes which implement
+     *  the JSON-RPC [[link-eip-712]] method.
+     */
+    static getPayload(domain: TypedDataDomain, types: Record<string, Array<TypedDataField>>, value: Record<string, any>): any {
+        // Validate the domain fields
+        TypedDataEncoder.hashDomain(domain);
+
+        // Derive the EIP712Domain Struct reference type
+        const domainValues: Record<string, any> = { };
+        const domainTypes: Array<{ name: string, type:string }> = [ ];
+
+        domainFieldNames.forEach((name) => {
+            const value = (<any>domain)[name];
+            if (value == null) { return; }
+            domainValues[name] = domainChecks[name](value);
+            domainTypes.push({ name, type: domainFieldTypes[name] });
+        });
+
+        const encoder = TypedDataEncoder.from(types);
+
+        // Get the normalized types
+        types = encoder.types;
+
+        const typesWithDomain = Object.assign({ }, types);
+        assertArgument(typesWithDomain.EIP712Domain == null, "types must not contain EIP712Domain type", "types.EIP712Domain", types);
+
+        typesWithDomain.EIP712Domain = domainTypes;
+
+        // Validate the data structures and types
+        encoder.encode(value);
+
+        return {
+            types: typesWithDomain,
+            domain: domainValues,
+            primaryType: encoder.primaryType,
+            message: encoder.visit(value, (type: string, value: any) => {
+
+                // bytes
+                if (type.match(/^bytes(\d*)/)) {
+                    return hexlify(getBytes(value));
+                }
+
+                // uint or int
+                if (type.match(/^u?int/)) {
+                    return getBigInt(value).toString();
+                }
+
+                switch (type) {
+                    case "address":
+                        return value.toLowerCase();
+                    case "bool":
+                        return !!value;
+                    case "string":
+                        assertArgument(typeof(value) === "string", "invalid string", "value", value);
+                        return value;
+                }
+
+                assertArgument(false, "unsupported type", "type", type);
+            })
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Compute the address used to sign the typed data for the %%signature%%.
+ */
+export function verifyTypedData(domain: TypedDataDomain, types: Record<string, Array<TypedDataField>>, value: Record<string, any>, signature: SignatureLike): string {
+    return recoverAddress(TypedDataEncoder.hash(domain, types, value), signature);
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/**
+ *  The Application Programming Interface (API) is the collection of
+ *  functions, classes and types offered by the Ethers library.
+ *
+ *  @_section: api:Application Programming Interface  [about-api]
+ *  @_navTitle: API
+ */
+import * as ethers from "./ethers.js";
+
+export { ethers };
+
+export * from "./ethers.js";

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/abstract-signer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+/**
+ *  Generally the [[Wallet]] and [[JsonRpcSigner]] and their sub-classes
+ *  are sufficient for most developers, but this is provided to
+ *  fascilitate more complex Signers.
+ *
+ *  @_section: api/providers/abstract-signer: Subclassing Signer [abstract-signer]
+ */
+import { resolveAddress } from "../address/index.js";
+import { Transaction } from "../transaction/index.js";
+import {
+    defineProperties, getBigInt, resolveProperties,
+    assert, assertArgument
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { copyRequest } from "./provider.js";
+
+import type {
+    AuthorizationRequest, TypedDataDomain, TypedDataField
+} from "../hash/index.js";
+import type { Authorization, TransactionLike } from "../transaction/index.js";
+
+import type {
+    BlockTag, Provider, TransactionRequest, TransactionResponse
+} from "./provider.js";
+import type { Signer } from "./signer.js";
+
+function checkProvider(signer: AbstractSigner, operation: string): Provider {
+    if (signer.provider) { return signer.provider; }
+    assert(false, "missing provider", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", { operation });
+}
+
+async function populate(signer: AbstractSigner, tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<TransactionLike<string>> {
+    let pop: any = copyRequest(tx);
+
+    if (pop.to != null) { pop.to = resolveAddress(pop.to, signer); }
+
+    if (pop.from != null) {
+        const from = pop.from;
+        pop.from = Promise.all([
+            signer.getAddress(),
+            resolveAddress(from, signer)
+        ]).then(([ address, from ]) => {
+            assertArgument(address.toLowerCase() === from.toLowerCase(),
+                "transaction from mismatch", "tx.from", from);
+            return address;
+        });
+    } else {
+        pop.from = signer.getAddress();
+    }
+
+    return await resolveProperties(pop);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ *  An **AbstractSigner** includes most of teh functionality required
+ *  to get a [[Signer]] working as expected, but requires a few
+ *  Signer-specific methods be overridden.
+ *
+ */
+export abstract class AbstractSigner<P extends null | Provider = null | Provider> implements Signer {
+    /**
+     *  The provider this signer is connected to.
+     */
+    readonly provider!: P;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new Signer connected to %%provider%%.
+     */
+    constructor(provider?: P) {
+        defineProperties<AbstractSigner>(this, { provider: (provider || null) });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to the Signer address.
+     */
+    abstract getAddress(): Promise<string>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the signer connected to %%provider%%.
+     *
+     *  This may throw, for example, a Signer connected over a Socket or
+     *  to a specific instance of a node may not be transferrable.
+     */
+    abstract connect(provider: null | Provider): Signer;
+
+    async getNonce(blockTag?: BlockTag): Promise<number> {
+        return checkProvider(this, "getTransactionCount").getTransactionCount(await this.getAddress(), blockTag);
+    }
+
+    async populateCall(tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<TransactionLike<string>> {
+        const pop = await populate(this, tx);
+        return pop;
+    }
+
+    async populateTransaction(tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<TransactionLike<string>> {
+        const provider = checkProvider(this, "populateTransaction");
+
+        const pop = await populate(this, tx);
+
+        if (pop.nonce == null) {
+            pop.nonce = await this.getNonce("pending");
+        }
+
+        if (pop.gasLimit == null) {
+            pop.gasLimit = await this.estimateGas(pop);
+        }
+
+        // Populate the chain ID
+        const network = await (<Provider>(this.provider)).getNetwork();
+        if (pop.chainId != null) {
+            const chainId = getBigInt(pop.chainId);
+            assertArgument(chainId === network.chainId, "transaction chainId mismatch", "tx.chainId", tx.chainId);
+        } else {
+            pop.chainId = network.chainId;
+        }
+
+        // Do not allow mixing pre-eip-1559 and eip-1559 properties
+        const hasEip1559 = (pop.maxFeePerGas != null || pop.maxPriorityFeePerGas != null);
+        if (pop.gasPrice != null && (pop.type === 2 || hasEip1559)) {
+            assertArgument(false, "eip-1559 transaction do not support gasPrice", "tx", tx);
+        } else if ((pop.type === 0 || pop.type === 1) && hasEip1559) {
+            assertArgument(false, "pre-eip-1559 transaction do not support maxFeePerGas/maxPriorityFeePerGas", "tx", tx);
+        }
+
+        if ((pop.type === 2 || pop.type == null) && (pop.maxFeePerGas != null && pop.maxPriorityFeePerGas != null)) {
+            // Fully-formed EIP-1559 transaction (skip getFeeData)
+            pop.type = 2;
+
+        } else if (pop.type === 0 || pop.type === 1) {
+            // Explicit Legacy or EIP-2930 transaction
+
+            // We need to get fee data to determine things
+            const feeData = await provider.getFeeData();
+
+            assert(feeData.gasPrice != null, "network does not support gasPrice", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+                operation: "getGasPrice" });
+
+            // Populate missing gasPrice
+            if (pop.gasPrice == null) { pop.gasPrice = feeData.gasPrice; }
+
+        } else {
+
+            // We need to get fee data to determine things
+            const feeData = await provider.getFeeData();
+
+            if (pop.type == null) {
+                // We need to auto-detect the intended type of this transaction...
+
+                if (feeData.maxFeePerGas != null && feeData.maxPriorityFeePerGas != null) {
+                    // The network supports EIP-1559!
+
+                    // Upgrade transaction from null to eip-1559
+                    if (pop.authorizationList && pop.authorizationList.length) {
+                        pop.type = 4;
+                    } else {
+                        pop.type = 2;
+                    }
+
+                    if (pop.gasPrice != null) {
+                        // Using legacy gasPrice property on an eip-1559 network,
+                        // so use gasPrice as both fee properties
+                        const gasPrice = pop.gasPrice;
+                        delete pop.gasPrice;
+                        pop.maxFeePerGas = gasPrice;
+                        pop.maxPriorityFeePerGas = gasPrice;
+
+                    } else {
+                        // Populate missing fee data
+
+                        if (pop.maxFeePerGas == null) {
+                            pop.maxFeePerGas = feeData.maxFeePerGas;
+                        }
+
+                        if (pop.maxPriorityFeePerGas == null) {
+                            pop.maxPriorityFeePerGas = feeData.maxPriorityFeePerGas;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                } else if (feeData.gasPrice != null) {
+                    // Network doesn't support EIP-1559...
+
+                    // ...but they are trying to use EIP-1559 properties
+                    assert(!hasEip1559, "network does not support EIP-1559", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+                            operation: "populateTransaction" });
+
+                    // Populate missing fee data
+                    if (pop.gasPrice == null) {
+                        pop.gasPrice = feeData.gasPrice;
+                    }
+
+                    // Explicitly set untyped transaction to legacy
+                    // @TODO: Maybe this shold allow type 1?
+                    pop.type = 0;
+
+               } else {
+                    // getFeeData has failed us.
+                    assert(false, "failed to get consistent fee data", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+                        operation: "signer.getFeeData" });
+                }
+
+            } else if (pop.type === 2 || pop.type === 3 || pop.type === 4) {
+                // Explicitly using EIP-1559 or EIP-4844
+
+                // Populate missing fee data
+                if (pop.maxFeePerGas == null) {
+                    pop.maxFeePerGas = feeData.maxFeePerGas;
+                }
+
+                if (pop.maxPriorityFeePerGas == null) {
+                    pop.maxPriorityFeePerGas = feeData.maxPriorityFeePerGas;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+//@TOOD: Don't await all over the place; save them up for
+// the end for better batching
+        return await resolveProperties(pop);
+    }
+
+    async populateAuthorization(_auth: AuthorizationRequest): Promise<AuthorizationRequest> {
+        const auth = Object.assign({ }, _auth);
+
+        // Add a chain ID if not explicitly set to 0
+        if (auth.chainId == null) {
+            auth.chainId = (await checkProvider(this, "getNetwork").getNetwork()).chainId;
+        }
+
+        // @TODO: Take chain ID into account when populating noce?
+
+        if (auth.nonce == null) { auth.nonce = await this.getNonce(); }
+
+        return auth;
+    }
+
+    async estimateGas(tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<bigint> {
+        return checkProvider(this, "estimateGas").estimateGas(await this.populateCall(tx));
+    }
+
+    async call(tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<string> {
+        return checkProvider(this, "call").call(await this.populateCall(tx));
+    }
+
+    async resolveName(name: string): Promise<null | string> {
+        const provider = checkProvider(this, "resolveName");
+        return await provider.resolveName(name);
+    }
+
+    async sendTransaction(tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<TransactionResponse> {
+        const provider = checkProvider(this, "sendTransaction");
+
+        const pop = await this.populateTransaction(tx);
+        delete pop.from;
+        const txObj = Transaction.from(pop);
+        return await provider.broadcastTransaction(await this.signTransaction(txObj));
+    }
+
+    // @TODO: in v7 move this to be abstract
+    authorize(authorization: AuthorizationRequest): Promise<Authorization> {
+        assert(false, "authorization not implemented for this signer",
+          "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", { operation: "authorize" });
+    }
+
+    abstract signTransaction(tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<string>;
+    abstract signMessage(message: string | Uint8Array): Promise<string>;
+    abstract signTypedData(domain: TypedDataDomain, types: Record<string, Array<TypedDataField>>, value: Record<string, any>): Promise<string>;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **VoidSigner** is a class designed to allow an address to be used
+ *  in any API which accepts a Signer, but for which there are no
+ *  credentials available to perform any actual signing.
+ *
+ *  This for example allow impersonating an account for the purpose of
+ *  static calls or estimating gas, but does not allow sending transactions.
+ */
+export class VoidSigner extends AbstractSigner {
+    /**
+     *  The signer address.
+     */
+    readonly address!: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **VoidSigner** with %%address%% attached to
+     *  %%provider%%.
+     */
+    constructor(address: string, provider?: null | Provider) {
+        super(provider);
+        defineProperties<VoidSigner>(this, { address });
+    }
+
+    async getAddress(): Promise<string> { return this.address; }
+
+    connect(provider: null | Provider): VoidSigner {
+        return new VoidSigner(this.address, provider);
+    }
+
+    #throwUnsupported(suffix: string, operation: string): never {
+        assert(false, `VoidSigner cannot sign ${ suffix }`, "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", { operation });
+    }
+
+    async signTransaction(tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<string> {
+        this.#throwUnsupported("transactions", "signTransaction");
+    }
+
+    async signMessage(message: string | Uint8Array): Promise<string> {
+        this.#throwUnsupported("messages", "signMessage");
+    }
+
+    async signTypedData(domain: TypedDataDomain, types: Record<string, Array<TypedDataField>>, value: Record<string, any>): Promise<string> {
+        this.#throwUnsupported("typed-data", "signTypedData");
+    }
+}
+

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/community.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/**
+ *  There are many awesome community services that provide Ethereum
+ *  nodes both for developers just starting out and for large-scale
+ *  communities.
+ *
+ *  @_section: api/providers/thirdparty: Community Providers  [thirdparty]
+ */
+
+/**
+ *  Providers which offer community credentials should extend this
+ *  to notify any interested consumers whether community credentials
+ *  are in-use.
+ */
+export interface CommunityResourcable {
+    /**
+     *  Returns true if the instance is connected using the community
+     *  credentials.
+     */
+    isCommunityResource(): boolean;
+}
+
+// Show the throttle message only once per service
+const shown: Set<string> = new Set();
+
+/**
+ *  Displays a warning in the console when the community resource is
+ *  being used too heavily by the app, recommending the developer
+ *  acquire their own credentials instead of using the community
+ *  credentials.
+ *
+ *  The notification will only occur once per service.
+ */
+export function showThrottleMessage(service: string): void {
+    if (shown.has(service)) { return; }
+    shown.add(service);
+
+    console.log("========= NOTICE =========")
+    console.log(`Request-Rate Exceeded for ${ service } (this message will not be repeated)`);
+    console.log("");
+    console.log("The default API keys for each service are provided as a highly-throttled,");
+    console.log("community resource for low-traffic projects and early prototyping.");
+    console.log("");
+    console.log("While your application will continue to function, we highly recommended");
+    console.log("signing up for your own API keys to improve performance, increase your");
+    console.log("request rate/limit and enable other perks, such as metrics and advanced APIs.");
+    console.log("");
+    console.log("For more details: https:/\/docs.ethers.org/api-keys/");
+    console.log("==========================");
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/contracts.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import type {
+    Provider, TransactionRequest, TransactionResponse
+} from "./provider.js";
+
+/**
+ *  A **ContractRunner** is a generic interface which defines an object
+ *  capable of interacting with a Contract on the network.
+ *
+ *  The more operations supported, the more utility it is capable of.
+ *
+ *  The most common ContractRunners are [Providers](Provider) which enable
+ *  read-only access and [Signers](Signer) which enable write-access.
+ */
+export interface ContractRunner {
+    /**
+     *  The provider used for necessary state querying operations.
+     *
+     *  This can also point to the **ContractRunner** itself, in the
+     *  case of an [[AbstractProvider]].
+     */
+    provider: null | Provider;
+
+    /**
+     *  Required to estimate gas.
+     */
+    estimateGas?: (tx: TransactionRequest) => Promise<bigint>;
+
+    /**
+     * Required for pure, view or static calls to contracts.
+     */
+    call?: (tx: TransactionRequest) => Promise<string>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Required to support ENS names
+     */
+    resolveName?: (name: string) => Promise<null | string>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Required for state mutating calls
+     */
+    sendTransaction?: (tx: TransactionRequest) => Promise<TransactionResponse>;
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/default-provider.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+import { assert } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { AnkrProvider } from "./provider-ankr.js";
+import { AlchemyProvider } from "./provider-alchemy.js";
+//import { BlockscoutProvider } from "./provider-blockscout.js";
+import { ChainstackProvider } from "./provider-chainstack.js";
+import { CloudflareProvider } from "./provider-cloudflare.js";
+import { EtherscanProvider } from "./provider-etherscan.js";
+import { InfuraProvider } from "./provider-infura.js";
+//import { PocketProvider } from "./provider-pocket.js";
+import { QuickNodeProvider } from "./provider-quicknode.js";
+
+import { FallbackProvider } from "./provider-fallback.js";
+import { JsonRpcProvider } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+import { Network } from "./network.js";
+import { WebSocketProvider } from "./provider-websocket.js";
+
+import type { AbstractProvider } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import type { Networkish } from "./network.js";
+import { WebSocketLike } from "./provider-websocket.js";
+
+function isWebSocketLike(value: any): value is WebSocketLike {
+    return (value && typeof(value.send) === "function" &&
+        typeof(value.close) === "function");
+}
+
+const Testnets = "goerli kovan sepolia classicKotti optimism-goerli arbitrum-goerli matic-mumbai bnbt".split(" ");
+
+/**
+ *  Returns a default provider for %%network%%.
+ *
+ *  If %%network%% is a [[WebSocketLike]] or string that begins with
+ *  ``"ws:"`` or ``"wss:"``, a [[WebSocketProvider]] is returned backed
+ *  by that WebSocket or URL.
+ *
+ *  If %%network%% is a string that begins with ``"HTTP:"`` or ``"HTTPS:"``,
+ *  a [[JsonRpcProvider]] is returned connected to that URL.
+ *
+ *  Otherwise, a default provider is created backed by well-known public
+ *  Web3 backends (such as [[link-infura]]) using community-provided API
+ *  keys.
+ *
+ *  The %%options%% allows specifying custom API keys per backend (setting
+ *  an API key to ``"-"`` will omit that provider) and ``options.exclusive``
+ *  can be set to either a backend name or and array of backend names, which
+ *  will whitelist **only** those backends.
+ *
+ *  Current backend strings supported are:
+ *  - ``"alchemy"``
+ *  - ``"ankr"``
+ *  - ``"cloudflare"``
+ *  - ``"chainstack"``
+ *  - ``"etherscan"``
+ *  - ``"infura"``
+ *  - ``"publicPolygon"``
+ *  - ``"quicknode"``
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    // Connect to a local Geth node
+ *    provider = getDefaultProvider("http://localhost:8545/");
+ *
+ *    // Connect to Ethereum mainnet with any current and future
+ *    // third-party services available
+ *    provider = getDefaultProvider("mainnet");
+ *
+ *    // Connect to Polygon, but only allow Etherscan and
+ *    // INFURA and use "MY_API_KEY" in calls to Etherscan.
+ *    provider = getDefaultProvider("matic", {
+ *      etherscan: "MY_API_KEY",
+ *      exclusive: [ "etherscan", "infura" ]
+ *    });
+ */
+export function getDefaultProvider(network?: string | Networkish | WebSocketLike, options?: any): AbstractProvider {
+    if (options == null) { options = { }; }
+
+    const allowService = (name: string) => {
+        if (options[name] === "-") { return false; }
+        if (typeof(options.exclusive) === "string") {
+            return (name === options.exclusive);
+        }
+        if (Array.isArray(options.exclusive)) {
+            return (options.exclusive.indexOf(name) !== -1);
+        }
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    if (typeof(network) === "string" && network.match(/^https?:/)) {
+        return new JsonRpcProvider(network);
+    }
+
+    if (typeof(network) === "string" && network.match(/^wss?:/) || isWebSocketLike(network)) {
+        return new WebSocketProvider(network);
+    }
+
+    // Get the network and name, if possible
+    let staticNetwork: null | Network = null;
+    try {
+        staticNetwork = Network.from(network);
+    } catch (error) { }
+
+
+    const providers: Array<AbstractProvider> = [ ];
+
+    if (allowService("publicPolygon") && staticNetwork) {
+        if (staticNetwork.name === "matic") {
+            providers.push(new JsonRpcProvider("https:/\/polygon-rpc.com/", staticNetwork, { staticNetwork }));
+        } else if (staticNetwork.name === "matic-amoy") {
+            providers.push(new JsonRpcProvider("https:/\/rpc-amoy.polygon.technology/", staticNetwork, { staticNetwork }));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (allowService("alchemy")) {
+        try {
+            providers.push(new AlchemyProvider(network, options.alchemy));
+        } catch (error) { }
+    }
+
+    if (allowService("ankr") && options.ankr != null) {
+        try {
+            providers.push(new AnkrProvider(network, options.ankr));
+        } catch (error) { }
+    }
+/* Temporarily remove until custom error issue is fixed
+    if (allowService("blockscout")) {
+        try {
+            providers.push(new BlockscoutProvider(network, options.blockscout));
+        } catch (error) { }
+    }
+*/
+    if (allowService("chainstack")) {
+        try {
+            providers.push(new ChainstackProvider(network, options.chainstack));
+        } catch (error) { }
+    }
+
+    if (allowService("cloudflare")) {
+        try {
+            providers.push(new CloudflareProvider(network));
+        } catch (error) { }
+    }
+
+    if (allowService("etherscan")) {
+        try {
+            providers.push(new EtherscanProvider(network, options.etherscan));
+        } catch (error) { }
+    }
+
+    if (allowService("infura")) {
+        try {
+            let projectId = options.infura;
+            let projectSecret: undefined | string = undefined;
+            if (typeof(projectId) === "object") {
+                projectSecret = projectId.projectSecret;
+                projectId = projectId.projectId;
+            }
+            providers.push(new InfuraProvider(network, projectId, projectSecret));
+        } catch (error) { }
+    }
+/*
+    if (options.pocket !== "-") {
+        try {
+            let appId = options.pocket;
+            let secretKey: undefined | string = undefined;
+            let loadBalancer: undefined | boolean = undefined;
+            if (typeof(appId) === "object") {
+                loadBalancer = !!appId.loadBalancer;
+                secretKey = appId.secretKey;
+                appId = appId.appId;
+            }
+            providers.push(new PocketProvider(network, appId, secretKey, loadBalancer));
+        } catch (error) { console.log(error); }
+    }
+*/
+    if (allowService("quicknode")) {
+        try {
+            let token = options.quicknode;
+            providers.push(new QuickNodeProvider(network, token));
+        } catch (error) { }
+    }
+
+    assert(providers.length, "unsupported default network", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+        operation: "getDefaultProvider"
+    });
+
+    // No need for a FallbackProvider
+    if (providers.length === 1) { return providers[0]; }
+
+    // We use the floor because public third-party providers can be unreliable,
+    // so a low number of providers with a large quorum will fail too often
+    let quorum = Math.floor(providers.length / 2);
+    if (quorum > 2) { quorum = 2; }
+
+    // Testnets don't need as strong a security gaurantee and speed is
+    // more useful during testing
+    if (staticNetwork && Testnets.indexOf(staticNetwork.name) !== -1) { quorum = 1; }
+
+    // Provided override qorum takes priority
+    if (options && options.quorum) { quorum = options.quorum; }
+
+    return new FallbackProvider(providers, undefined, { quorum });
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/ens-resolver.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,606 @@
+/**
+ *  ENS is a service which allows easy-to-remember names to map to
+ *  network addresses.
+ *
+ *  @_section: api/providers/ens-resolver:ENS Resolver  [about-ens-rsolver]
+ */
+
+import { getAddress } from "../address/index.js";
+import { ZeroAddress } from "../constants/index.js";
+import { Contract } from "../contract/index.js";
+import { dnsEncode, namehash } from "../hash/index.js";
+import {
+    hexlify, isHexString, toBeHex,
+    defineProperties, encodeBase58,
+    assert, assertArgument, isError,
+    FetchRequest
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { FunctionFragment } from "../abi/index.js";
+
+import type { BytesLike } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { AbstractProvider, AbstractProviderPlugin } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import type { EnsPlugin } from "./plugins-network.js";
+import type { Provider } from "./provider.js";
+
+// @TODO: This should use the fetch-data:ipfs gateway
+// Trim off the ipfs:// prefix and return the default gateway URL
+function getIpfsLink(link: string): string {
+    if (link.match(/^ipfs:\/\/ipfs\//i)) {
+        link = link.substring(12);
+    } else if (link.match(/^ipfs:\/\//i)) {
+        link = link.substring(7);
+    } else {
+        assertArgument(false, "unsupported IPFS format", "link", link);
+    }
+
+    return `https:/\/gateway.ipfs.io/ipfs/${ link }`;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  The type of data found during a steip during avatar resolution.
+ */
+export type AvatarLinkageType = "name" | "avatar" | "!avatar" | "url" | "data" | "ipfs" |
+    "erc721" | "erc1155" | "!erc721-caip" | "!erc1155-caip" |
+    "!owner" | "owner" | "!balance" | "balance" |
+    "metadata-url-base" | "metadata-url-expanded" | "metadata-url" | "!metadata-url" |
+    "!metadata" | "metadata" |
+    "!imageUrl" | "imageUrl-ipfs" | "imageUrl" | "!imageUrl-ipfs";
+
+/**
+ *  An individual record for each step during avatar resolution.
+ */
+export interface AvatarLinkage {
+    /**
+     *  The type of linkage.
+     */
+    type: AvatarLinkageType;
+
+    /**
+     *  The linkage value.
+     */
+    value: string;
+};
+
+/**
+ *  When resolving an avatar for an ENS name, there are many
+ *  steps involved, fetching metadata, validating results, et cetera.
+ *
+ *  Some applications may wish to analyse this data, or use this data
+ *  to diagnose promblems, so an **AvatarResult** provides details of
+ *  each completed step during avatar resolution.
+ */
+export interface AvatarResult {
+    /**
+     *  How the [[url]] was arrived at, resolving the many steps required
+     *  for an avatar URL.
+     */
+    linkage: Array<AvatarLinkage>;
+
+    /**
+     *  The avatar URL or null if the avatar was not set, or there was
+     *  an issue during validation (such as the address not owning the
+     *  avatar or a metadata error).
+     */
+    url: null | string;
+};
+
+/**
+ *  A provider plugin super-class for processing multicoin address types.
+ */
+export abstract class MulticoinProviderPlugin implements AbstractProviderPlugin {
+    /**
+     *  The name.
+     */
+    readonly name!: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **MulticoinProviderPluing** for %%name%%.
+     */
+    constructor(name: string) {
+        defineProperties<MulticoinProviderPlugin>(this, { name });
+    }
+
+    connect(proivder: Provider): MulticoinProviderPlugin {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns ``true`` if %%coinType%% is supported by this plugin.
+     */
+    supportsCoinType(coinType: number): boolean {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to the encoded %%address%% for %%coinType%%.
+     */
+    async encodeAddress(coinType: number, address: string): Promise<string> {
+        throw new Error("unsupported coin");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to the decoded %%data%% for %%coinType%%.
+     */
+    async decodeAddress(coinType: number, data: BytesLike): Promise<string> {
+        throw new Error("unsupported coin");
+    }
+}
+
+const BasicMulticoinPluginId = "org.ethers.plugins.provider.BasicMulticoin";
+
+/**
+ *  A **BasicMulticoinProviderPlugin** provides service for common
+ *  coin types, which do not require additional libraries to encode or
+ *  decode.
+ */
+export class BasicMulticoinProviderPlugin extends MulticoinProviderPlugin {
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **BasicMulticoinProviderPlugin**.
+     */
+    constructor() {
+        super(BasicMulticoinPluginId);
+    }
+}
+
+const matcherIpfs = new RegExp("^(ipfs):/\/(.*)$", "i");
+const matchers = [
+    new RegExp("^(https):/\/(.*)$", "i"),
+    new RegExp("^(data):(.*)$", "i"),
+    matcherIpfs,
+    new RegExp("^eip155:[0-9]+/(erc[0-9]+):(.*)$", "i"),
+];
+
+/**
+ *  A connected object to a resolved ENS name resolver, which can be
+ *  used to query additional details.
+ */
+export class EnsResolver {
+    /**
+     *  The connected provider.
+     */
+    provider!: AbstractProvider;
+
+    /**
+     *  The address of the resolver.
+     */
+    address!: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The name this resolver was resolved against.
+     */
+    name!: string;
+
+    // For EIP-2544 names, the ancestor that provided the resolver
+    #supports2544: null | Promise<boolean>;
+
+    #resolver: Contract;
+
+    constructor(provider: AbstractProvider, address: string, name: string) {
+        defineProperties<EnsResolver>(this, { provider, address, name });
+        this.#supports2544 = null;
+
+        this.#resolver = new Contract(address, [
+            "function supportsInterface(bytes4) view returns (bool)",
+            "function resolve(bytes, bytes) view returns (bytes)",
+            "function addr(bytes32) view returns (address)",
+            "function addr(bytes32, uint) view returns (bytes)",
+            "function text(bytes32, string) view returns (string)",
+            "function contenthash(bytes32) view returns (bytes)",
+        ], provider);
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to true if the resolver supports wildcard resolution.
+     */
+    async supportsWildcard(): Promise<boolean> {
+        if (this.#supports2544 == null) {
+            this.#supports2544 = (async () => {
+                try {
+                    return await this.#resolver.supportsInterface("0x9061b923");
+                } catch (error) {
+                    // Wildcard resolvers must understand supportsInterface
+                    // and return true.
+                    if (isError(error, "CALL_EXCEPTION")) { return false; }
+
+                    // Let future attempts try again...
+                    this.#supports2544 = null;
+
+                    throw error;
+                }
+            })();
+        }
+
+        return await this.#supports2544;
+    }
+
+    async #fetch(funcName: string, params?: Array<any>): Promise<null | any> {
+        params = (params || []).slice();
+        const iface = this.#resolver.interface;
+
+        // The first parameters is always the nodehash
+        params.unshift(namehash(this.name))
+
+        let fragment: null | FunctionFragment = null;
+        if (await this.supportsWildcard()) {
+            fragment = iface.getFunction(funcName);
+            assert(fragment, "missing fragment", "UNKNOWN_ERROR", {
+                info: { funcName }
+            });
+
+            params = [
+                dnsEncode(this.name, 255),
+                iface.encodeFunctionData(fragment, params)
+            ];
+
+            funcName = "resolve(bytes,bytes)";
+        }
+
+        params.push({
+            enableCcipRead: true
+        });
+
+        try {
+            const result = await this.#resolver[funcName](...params);
+
+            if (fragment) {
+                return iface.decodeFunctionResult(fragment, result)[0];
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        } catch (error: any) {
+            if (!isError(error, "CALL_EXCEPTION")) { throw error; }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to the address for %%coinType%% or null if the
+     *  provided %%coinType%% has not been configured.
+     */
+    async getAddress(coinType?: number): Promise<null | string> {
+        if (coinType == null) { coinType = 60; }
+        if (coinType === 60) {
+            try {
+                const result = await this.#fetch("addr(bytes32)");
+
+                // No address
+                if (result == null || result === ZeroAddress) { return null; }
+
+                return result;
+            } catch (error: any) {
+                if (isError(error, "CALL_EXCEPTION")) { return null; }
+                throw error;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Try decoding its EVM canonical chain as an EVM chain address first
+        if (coinType >= 0 && coinType < 0x80000000) {
+            let ethCoinType = coinType + 0x80000000;
+
+            const data = await this.#fetch("addr(bytes32,uint)", [ ethCoinType ]);
+            if (isHexString(data, 20)) { return getAddress(data); }
+        }
+
+        let coinPlugin: null | MulticoinProviderPlugin = null;
+        for (const plugin of this.provider.plugins) {
+            if (!(plugin instanceof MulticoinProviderPlugin)) { continue; }
+            if (plugin.supportsCoinType(coinType)) {
+                coinPlugin = plugin;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (coinPlugin == null) { return null; }
+
+        // keccak256("addr(bytes32,uint256")
+        const data = await this.#fetch("addr(bytes32,uint)", [ coinType ]);
+
+        // No address
+        if (data == null || data === "0x") { return null; }
+
+        // Compute the address
+        const address = await coinPlugin.decodeAddress(coinType, data);
+
+        if (address != null) { return address; }
+
+        assert(false, `invalid coin data`, "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+            operation: `getAddress(${ coinType })`,
+            info: { coinType, data }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to the EIP-634 text record for %%key%%, or ``null``
+     *  if unconfigured.
+     */
+    async getText(key: string): Promise<null | string> {
+        const data = await this.#fetch("text(bytes32,string)", [ key ]);
+        if (data == null || data === "0x") { return null; }
+        return data;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Rsolves to the content-hash or ``null`` if unconfigured.
+     */
+    async getContentHash(): Promise<null | string> {
+        // keccak256("contenthash()")
+        const data = await this.#fetch("contenthash(bytes32)");
+
+        // No contenthash
+        if (data == null || data === "0x") { return null; }
+
+        // IPFS (CID: 1, Type: 70=DAG-PB, 72=libp2p-key)
+        const ipfs = data.match(/^0x(e3010170|e5010172)(([0-9a-f][0-9a-f])([0-9a-f][0-9a-f])([0-9a-f]*))$/);
+        if (ipfs) {
+            const scheme = (ipfs[1] === "e3010170") ? "ipfs": "ipns";
+            const length = parseInt(ipfs[4], 16);
+            if (ipfs[5].length === length * 2) {
+                return `${ scheme }:/\/${ encodeBase58("0x" + ipfs[2])}`;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Swarm (CID: 1, Type: swarm-manifest; hash/length hard-coded to keccak256/32)
+        const swarm = data.match(/^0xe40101fa011b20([0-9a-f]*)$/)
+        if (swarm && swarm[1].length === 64) {
+            return `bzz:/\/${ swarm[1] }`;
+        }
+
+        assert(false, `invalid or unsupported content hash data`, "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+            operation: "getContentHash()",
+            info: { data }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to the avatar url or ``null`` if the avatar is either
+     *  unconfigured or incorrectly configured (e.g. references an NFT
+     *  not owned by the address).
+     *
+     *  If diagnosing issues with configurations, the [[_getAvatar]]
+     *  method may be useful.
+     */
+    async getAvatar(): Promise<null | string> {
+        const avatar = await this._getAvatar();
+        return avatar.url;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  When resolving an avatar, there are many steps involved, such
+     *  fetching metadata and possibly validating ownership of an
+     *  NFT.
+     *
+     *  This method can be used to examine each step and the value it
+     *  was working from.
+     */
+    async _getAvatar(): Promise<AvatarResult> {
+        const linkage: Array<AvatarLinkage> = [ { type: "name", value: this.name } ];
+        try {
+            // test data for ricmoo.eth
+            //const avatar = "eip155:1/erc721:0x265385c7f4132228A0d54EB1A9e7460b91c0cC68/29233";
+            const avatar = await this.getText("avatar");
+            if (avatar == null) {
+                linkage.push({ type: "!avatar", value: "" });
+                return { url: null, linkage };
+            }
+            linkage.push({ type: "avatar", value: avatar });
+
+            for (let i = 0; i < matchers.length; i++) {
+                const match = avatar.match(matchers[i]);
+                if (match == null) { continue; }
+
+                const scheme = match[1].toLowerCase();
+
+                switch (scheme) {
+                    case "https":
+                    case "data":
+                        linkage.push({ type: "url", value: avatar });
+                        return { linkage, url: avatar };
+                    case "ipfs": {
+                        const url = getIpfsLink(avatar);
+                        linkage.push({ type: "ipfs", value: avatar });
+                        linkage.push({ type: "url", value: url });
+                        return { linkage, url };
+                    }
+
+                    case "erc721":
+                    case "erc1155": {
+                        // Depending on the ERC type, use tokenURI(uint256) or url(uint256)
+                        const selector = (scheme === "erc721") ? "tokenURI(uint256)": "uri(uint256)";
+                        linkage.push({ type: scheme, value: avatar });
+
+                        // The owner of this name
+                        const owner = await this.getAddress();
+                        if (owner == null) {
+                            linkage.push({ type: "!owner", value: "" });
+                            return { url: null, linkage };
+                        }
+
+                        const comps = (match[2] || "").split("/");
+                        if (comps.length !== 2) {
+                            linkage.push({ type: <any>`!${ scheme }caip`, value: (match[2] || "") });
+                            return { url: null, linkage };
+                        }
+
+                        const tokenId = comps[1];
+
+                        const contract = new Contract(comps[0], [
+                            // ERC-721
+                            "function tokenURI(uint) view returns (string)",
+                            "function ownerOf(uint) view returns (address)",
+
+                            // ERC-1155
+                            "function uri(uint) view returns (string)",
+                            "function balanceOf(address, uint256) view returns (uint)"
+                        ], this.provider);
+
+                        // Check that this account owns the token
+                        if (scheme === "erc721") {
+                            const tokenOwner = await contract.ownerOf(tokenId);
+
+                            if (owner !== tokenOwner) {
+                                linkage.push({ type: "!owner", value: tokenOwner });
+                                return { url: null, linkage };
+                            }
+                            linkage.push({ type: "owner", value: tokenOwner });
+
+                        } else if (scheme === "erc1155") {
+                            const balance = await contract.balanceOf(owner, tokenId);
+                            if (!balance) {
+                                linkage.push({ type: "!balance", value: "0" });
+                                return { url: null, linkage };
+                            }
+                            linkage.push({ type: "balance", value: balance.toString() });
+                        }
+
+                        // Call the token contract for the metadata URL
+                        let metadataUrl = await contract[selector](tokenId);
+                        if (metadataUrl == null || metadataUrl === "0x") {
+                            linkage.push({ type: "!metadata-url", value: "" });
+                            return { url: null, linkage };
+                        }
+
+                        linkage.push({ type: "metadata-url-base", value: metadataUrl });
+
+                        // ERC-1155 allows a generic {id} in the URL
+                        if (scheme === "erc1155") {
+                            metadataUrl = metadataUrl.replace("{id}", toBeHex(tokenId, 32).substring(2));
+                            linkage.push({ type: "metadata-url-expanded", value: metadataUrl });
+                        }
+
+                        // Transform IPFS metadata links
+                        if (metadataUrl.match(/^ipfs:/i)) {
+                            metadataUrl = getIpfsLink(metadataUrl);
+                        }
+                        linkage.push({ type: "metadata-url", value: metadataUrl });
+
+                        // Get the token metadata
+                        let metadata: any = { };
+                        const response = await (new FetchRequest(metadataUrl)).send();
+                        response.assertOk();
+
+                        try {
+                            metadata = response.bodyJson;
+                        } catch (error) {
+                            try {
+                                linkage.push({ type: "!metadata", value: response.bodyText });
+                            } catch (error) {
+                                const bytes = response.body;
+                                if (bytes) {
+                                    linkage.push({ type: "!metadata", value: hexlify(bytes) });
+                                }
+                                return { url: null, linkage };
+                            }
+                            return { url: null, linkage };
+                        }
+
+                        if (!metadata) {
+                            linkage.push({ type: "!metadata", value: "" });
+                            return { url: null, linkage };
+                        }
+
+                        linkage.push({ type: "metadata", value: JSON.stringify(metadata) });
+
+                        // Pull the image URL out
+                        let imageUrl = metadata.image;
+                        if (typeof(imageUrl) !== "string") {
+                            linkage.push({ type: "!imageUrl", value: "" });
+                            return { url: null, linkage };
+                        }
+
+                        if (imageUrl.match(/^(https:\/\/|data:)/i)) {
+                            // Allow
+                        } else {
+                            // Transform IPFS link to gateway
+                            const ipfs = imageUrl.match(matcherIpfs);
+                            if (ipfs == null) {
+                                linkage.push({ type: "!imageUrl-ipfs", value: imageUrl });
+                                return { url: null, linkage };
+                            }
+
+                            linkage.push({ type: "imageUrl-ipfs", value: imageUrl });
+                            imageUrl = getIpfsLink(imageUrl);
+                        }
+
+                        linkage.push({ type: "url", value: imageUrl });
+
+                        return { linkage, url: imageUrl };
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (error) { }
+
+        return { linkage, url: null };
+    }
+
+    static async getEnsAddress(provider: Provider): Promise<string> {
+        const network = await provider.getNetwork();
+
+        const ensPlugin = network.getPlugin<EnsPlugin>("org.ethers.plugins.network.Ens");
+
+        // No ENS...
+        assert(ensPlugin, "network does not support ENS", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+            operation: "getEnsAddress", info: { network } });
+
+        return ensPlugin.address;
+    }
+
+    static async #getResolver(provider: Provider, name: string): Promise<null | string> {
+        const ensAddr = await EnsResolver.getEnsAddress(provider);
+
+        try {
+            const contract = new Contract(ensAddr, [
+                "function resolver(bytes32) view returns (address)"
+            ], provider);
+
+            const addr = await contract.resolver(namehash(name), {
+                enableCcipRead: true
+            });
+
+            if (addr === ZeroAddress) { return null; }
+            return addr;
+
+        } catch (error) {
+            // ENS registry cannot throw errors on resolver(bytes32),
+            // so probably a link error
+            throw error;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolve to the ENS resolver for %%name%% using %%provider%% or
+     *  ``null`` if unconfigured.
+     */
+    static async fromName(provider: AbstractProvider, name: string): Promise<null | EnsResolver> {
+
+        let currentName = name;
+        while (true) {
+            if (currentName === "" || currentName === ".") { return null; }
+
+            // Optimization since the eth node cannot change and does
+            // not have a wildcard resolver
+            if (name !== "eth" && currentName === "eth") { return null; }
+
+            // Check the current node for a resolver
+            const addr = await EnsResolver.#getResolver(provider, currentName);
+
+            // Found a resolver!
+            if (addr != null) {
+                const resolver = new EnsResolver(provider, addr, name);
+
+                // Legacy resolver found, using EIP-2544 so it isn't safe to use
+                if (currentName !== name && !(await resolver.supportsWildcard())) { return null; }
+
+                return resolver;
+            }
+
+            // Get the parent node
+            currentName = currentName.split(".").slice(1).join(".");
+        }
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/format.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+/**
+ *  @_ignore
+ */
+import { getAddress, getCreateAddress } from "../address/index.js";
+import { Signature } from "../crypto/index.js"
+import { accessListify } from "../transaction/index.js";
+import {
+    getBigInt, getNumber, hexlify, isHexString, zeroPadValue,
+    assert, assertArgument
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { SignatureLike } from "../crypto/index.js"
+import type {
+    BlockParams, LogParams,
+    TransactionReceiptParams, TransactionResponseParams,
+} from "./formatting.js";
+
+
+const BN_0 = BigInt(0);
+
+export type FormatFunc = (value: any) => any;
+
+export function allowNull(format: FormatFunc, nullValue?: any): FormatFunc {
+    return (function(value: any) {
+        if (value == null) { return nullValue; }
+        return format(value);
+    });
+}
+
+export function arrayOf(format: FormatFunc, allowNull?: boolean): FormatFunc {
+    return ((array: any) => {
+        if (allowNull && array == null) { return null; }
+        if (!Array.isArray(array)) { throw new Error("not an array"); }
+        return array.map((i) => format(i));
+    });
+}
+
+// Requires an object which matches a fleet of other formatters
+// Any FormatFunc may return `undefined` to have the value omitted
+// from the result object. Calls preserve `this`.
+export function object(format: Record<string, FormatFunc>, altNames?: Record<string, Array<string>>): FormatFunc {
+    return ((value: any) => {
+        const result: any = { };
+        for (const key in format) {
+            let srcKey = key;
+            if (altNames && key in altNames && !(srcKey in value)) {
+                for (const altKey of altNames[key]) {
+                    if (altKey in value) {
+                        srcKey = altKey;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            try {
+                const nv = format[key](value[srcKey]);
+                if (nv !== undefined) { result[key] = nv; }
+            } catch (error) {
+                const message = (error instanceof Error) ? error.message: "not-an-error";
+                assert(false, `invalid value for value.${ key } (${ message })`, "BAD_DATA", { value })
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    });
+}
+
+export function formatBoolean(value: any): boolean {
+    switch (value) {
+        case true: case "true":
+            return true;
+        case false: case "false":
+            return false;
+    }
+    assertArgument(false, `invalid boolean; ${ JSON.stringify(value) }`, "value", value);
+}
+
+export function formatData(value: string): string {
+    assertArgument(isHexString(value, true), "invalid data", "value", value);
+    return value;
+}
+
+export function formatHash(value: any): string {
+    assertArgument(isHexString(value, 32), "invalid hash", "value", value);
+    return value;
+}
+
+export function formatUint256(value: any): string {
+    if (!isHexString(value)) {
+        throw new Error("invalid uint256");
+    }
+    return zeroPadValue(value, 32);
+}
+
+const _formatLog = object({
+    address: getAddress,
+    blockHash: formatHash,
+    blockNumber: getNumber,
+    data: formatData,
+    index: getNumber,
+    removed: allowNull(formatBoolean, false),
+    topics: arrayOf(formatHash),
+    transactionHash: formatHash,
+    transactionIndex: getNumber,
+}, {
+    index: [ "logIndex" ]
+});
+
+export function formatLog(value: any): LogParams {
+    return _formatLog(value);
+}
+
+const _formatBlock = object({
+    hash: allowNull(formatHash),
+    parentHash: formatHash,
+    parentBeaconBlockRoot: allowNull(formatHash, null),
+
+    number: getNumber,
+
+    timestamp: getNumber,
+    nonce: allowNull(formatData),
+    difficulty: getBigInt,
+
+    gasLimit: getBigInt,
+    gasUsed: getBigInt,
+
+    stateRoot: allowNull(formatHash, null),
+    receiptsRoot: allowNull(formatHash, null),
+
+    blobGasUsed: allowNull(getBigInt, null),
+    excessBlobGas: allowNull(getBigInt, null),
+
+    miner: allowNull(getAddress),
+    prevRandao: allowNull(formatHash, null),
+    extraData: formatData,
+
+    baseFeePerGas: allowNull(getBigInt)
+}, {
+    prevRandao: [ "mixHash" ]
+});
+
+export function formatBlock(value: any): BlockParams {
+    const result = _formatBlock(value);
+    result.transactions = value.transactions.map((tx: string | TransactionResponseParams) => {
+        if (typeof(tx) === "string") { return tx; }
+        return formatTransactionResponse(tx);
+    });
+    return result;
+}
+
+const _formatReceiptLog = object({
+    transactionIndex: getNumber,
+    blockNumber: getNumber,
+    transactionHash: formatHash,
+    address: getAddress,
+    topics: arrayOf(formatHash),
+    data: formatData,
+    index: getNumber,
+    blockHash: formatHash,
+}, {
+    index: [ "logIndex" ]
+});
+
+export function formatReceiptLog(value: any): LogParams {
+    return _formatReceiptLog(value);
+}
+
+const _formatTransactionReceipt = object({
+    to: allowNull(getAddress, null),
+    from: allowNull(getAddress, null),
+    contractAddress: allowNull(getAddress, null),
+    // should be allowNull(hash), but broken-EIP-658 support is handled in receipt
+    index: getNumber,
+    root: allowNull(hexlify),
+    gasUsed: getBigInt,
+    blobGasUsed: allowNull(getBigInt, null),
+    logsBloom: allowNull(formatData),
+    blockHash: formatHash,
+    hash: formatHash,
+    logs: arrayOf(formatReceiptLog),
+    blockNumber: getNumber,
+    //confirmations: allowNull(getNumber, null),
+    cumulativeGasUsed: getBigInt,
+    effectiveGasPrice: allowNull(getBigInt),
+    blobGasPrice: allowNull(getBigInt, null),
+    status: allowNull(getNumber),
+    type: allowNull(getNumber, 0)
+}, {
+    effectiveGasPrice: [ "gasPrice" ],
+    hash: [ "transactionHash" ],
+    index: [ "transactionIndex" ],
+});
+
+export function formatTransactionReceipt(value: any): TransactionReceiptParams {
+    return _formatTransactionReceipt(value);
+}
+
+export function formatTransactionResponse(value: any): TransactionResponseParams {
+
+    // Some clients (TestRPC) do strange things like return 0x0 for the
+    // 0 address; correct this to be a real address
+    if (value.to && getBigInt(value.to) === BN_0) {
+        value.to = "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
+    }
+
+    const result = object({
+        hash: formatHash,
+
+        // Some nodes do not return this, usually test nodes (like Ganache)
+        index: allowNull(getNumber, undefined),
+
+        type: (value: any) => {
+            if (value === "0x" || value == null) { return 0; }
+            return getNumber(value);
+        },
+        accessList: allowNull(accessListify, null),
+        blobVersionedHashes: allowNull(arrayOf(formatHash, true), null),
+
+        authorizationList: allowNull(arrayOf((v: any) => {
+            let sig: SignatureLike;
+            if (v.signature) {
+                sig = v.signature;
+
+            } else {
+                let yParity = v.yParity;
+                if (yParity === "0x1b") {
+                    yParity = 0;
+                } else if (yParity === "0x1c") {
+                    yParity = 1;
+                }
+                sig = Object.assign({ }, v, { yParity });
+            }
+
+            return {
+                address: getAddress(v.address),
+                chainId: getBigInt(v.chainId),
+                nonce: getBigInt(v.nonce),
+                signature: Signature.from(sig)
+            };
+        }, false), null),
+
+        blockHash: allowNull(formatHash, null),
+        blockNumber: allowNull(getNumber, null),
+        transactionIndex: allowNull(getNumber, null),
+
+        from: getAddress,
+
+        // either (gasPrice) or (maxPriorityFeePerGas + maxFeePerGas) must be set
+        gasPrice: allowNull(getBigInt),
+        maxPriorityFeePerGas: allowNull(getBigInt),
+        maxFeePerGas: allowNull(getBigInt),
+        maxFeePerBlobGas: allowNull(getBigInt, null),
+
+        gasLimit: getBigInt,
+        to: allowNull(getAddress, null),
+        value: getBigInt,
+        nonce: getNumber,
+        data: formatData,
+
+        creates: allowNull(getAddress, null),
+
+        chainId: allowNull(getBigInt, null)
+    }, {
+        data: [ "input" ],
+        gasLimit: [ "gas" ],
+        index: [ "transactionIndex" ]
+    })(value);
+
+    // If to and creates are empty, populate the creates from the value
+    if (result.to == null && result.creates == null) {
+        result.creates = getCreateAddress(result);
+    }
+
+    // @TODO: Check fee data
+
+    // Add an access list to supported transaction types
+    if ((value.type === 1 || value.type === 2) && value.accessList == null) {
+        result.accessList = [ ];
+    }
+
+    // Compute the signature
+    if (value.signature) {
+        result.signature = Signature.from(value.signature);
+    } else {
+        result.signature = Signature.from(value);
+    }
+
+    // Some backends omit ChainId on legacy transactions, but we can compute it
+    if (result.chainId == null) {
+        const chainId = result.signature.legacyChainId;
+        if (chainId != null) { result.chainId = chainId; }
+    }
+
+
+    // @TODO: check chainID
+    /*
+    if (value.chainId != null) {
+        let chainId = value.chainId;
+
+        if (isHexString(chainId)) {
+            chainId = BigNumber.from(chainId).toNumber();
+        }
+
+        result.chainId = chainId;
+
+    } else {
+        let chainId = value.networkId;
+
+        // geth-etc returns chainId
+        if (chainId == null && result.v == null) {
+            chainId = value.chainId;
+        }
+
+        if (isHexString(chainId)) {
+            chainId = BigNumber.from(chainId).toNumber();
+        }
+
+        if (typeof(chainId) !== "number" && result.v != null) {
+            chainId = (result.v - 35) / 2;
+            if (chainId < 0) { chainId = 0; }
+            chainId = parseInt(chainId);
+        }
+
+        if (typeof(chainId) !== "number") { chainId = 0; }
+
+        result.chainId = chainId;
+    }
+    */
+
+    // 0x0000... should actually be null
+    if (result.blockHash && getBigInt(result.blockHash) === BN_0) {
+        result.blockHash = null;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/formatting.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+/**
+ *  About provider formatting?
+ *
+ *  @_section: api/providers/formatting:Formatting  [provider-formatting]
+ */
+
+import type { Signature } from "../crypto/index.js";
+import type { Authorization, AccessList } from "../transaction/index.js";
+
+
+//////////////////////
+// Block
+
+/**
+ *  a **BlockParams** encodes the minimal required properties for a
+ *  formatted block.
+ */
+export interface BlockParams {
+    /**
+     *  The block hash.
+     */
+    hash?: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The block number.
+     */
+    number: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The timestamp for this block, which is the number of seconds
+     *  since epoch that this block was included.
+     */
+    timestamp: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The hash of the previous block in the blockchain. The genesis block
+     *  has the parentHash of the [[ZeroHash]].
+     */
+    parentHash: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The hash tree root of the parent beacon block for the given
+     *  execution block. See [[link-eip-4788]].
+     */
+    parentBeaconBlockRoot?: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  A random sequence provided during the mining process for
+     *  proof-of-work networks.
+     */
+    nonce: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  For proof-of-work networks, the difficulty target is used to
+     *  adjust the difficulty in mining to ensure an expected block rate.
+     */
+    difficulty: bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The maximum amount of gas a block can consume.
+     */
+    gasLimit: bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The amount of gas a block consumed.
+     */
+    gasUsed: bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The total amount of BLOb gas consumed by transactions within
+     *  the block. See [[link-eip4844].
+     */
+    blobGasUsed?: null | bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The running total of BLOb gas consumed in excess of the target
+     *  prior to the block. See [[link-eip-4844]].
+     */
+    excessBlobGas?: null | bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The miner (or author) of a block.
+     */
+    miner: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The latest RANDAO mix of the post beacon state of
+     *  the previous block.
+     */
+    prevRandao?: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  Additional data the miner choose to include.
+     */
+    extraData: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The protocol-defined base fee per gas in an [[link-eip-1559]]
+     *  block.
+     */
+    baseFeePerGas: null | bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The root hash for the global state after applying changes
+     *  in this block.
+     */
+    stateRoot?: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The hash of the transaction receipts trie.
+     */
+    receiptsRoot?: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The list of transactions in the block.
+     */
+    transactions: ReadonlyArray<string | TransactionResponseParams>;
+};
+
+
+//////////////////////
+// Log
+
+/**
+ *  a **LogParams** encodes the minimal required properties for a
+ *  formatted log.
+ */
+export interface LogParams {
+    /**
+     *  The transaction hash for the transaxction the log occurred in.
+     */
+    transactionHash: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The block hash of the block that included the transaction for this
+     *  log.
+     */
+    blockHash: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The block number of the block that included the transaction for this
+     *  log.
+     */
+    blockNumber: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  Whether this log was removed due to the transaction it was included
+     *  in being removed dur to an orphaned block.
+     */
+    removed: boolean;
+
+    /**
+     *  The address of the contract that emitted this log.
+     */
+    address: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The data emitted with this log.
+     */
+    data: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The topics emitted with this log.
+     */
+    topics: ReadonlyArray<string>;
+
+    /**
+     *  The index of this log.
+     */
+    index: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The transaction index of this log.
+     */
+    transactionIndex: number;
+}
+
+
+//////////////////////
+// Transaction Receipt
+
+/**
+ *  a **TransactionReceiptParams** encodes the minimal required properties
+ *  for a formatted transaction receipt.
+ */
+export interface TransactionReceiptParams {
+    /**
+     *  The target of the transaction. If null, the transaction was trying
+     *  to deploy a transaction with the ``data`` as the initi=code.
+     */
+    to: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The sender of the transaction.
+     */
+    from: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  If the transaction was directly deploying a contract, the [[to]]
+     *  will be null, the ``data`` will be initcode and if successful, this
+     *  will be the address of the contract deployed.
+     */
+    contractAddress: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The transaction hash.
+     */
+    hash: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The transaction index.
+     */
+    index: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The block hash of the block that included this transaction.
+     */
+    blockHash: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The block number of the block that included this transaction.
+     */
+    blockNumber: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The bloom filter for the logs emitted during execution of this
+     *  transaction.
+     */
+    logsBloom: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The logs emitted during the execution of this transaction.
+     */
+    logs: ReadonlyArray<LogParams>;
+
+    /**
+     *  The amount of gas consumed executing this transaction.
+     */
+    gasUsed: bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The amount of BLOb gas used. See [[link-eip-4844]].
+     */
+    blobGasUsed?: null | bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The total amount of gas consumed during the entire block up to
+     *  and including this transaction.
+     */
+    cumulativeGasUsed: bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The actual gas price per gas charged for this transaction.
+     */
+    gasPrice?: null | bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The actual BLOb gas price that was charged. See [[link-eip-4844]].
+     */
+    blobGasPrice?: null | bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The actual gas price per gas charged for this transaction.
+     */
+    effectiveGasPrice?: null | bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The [[link-eip-2718]] envelope type.
+     */
+    type: number;
+    //byzantium: boolean;
+
+    /**
+     *  The status of the transaction execution. If ``1`` then the
+     *  the transaction returned success, if ``0`` then the transaction
+     *  was reverted. For pre-byzantium blocks, this is usually null, but
+     *  some nodes may have backfilled this data.
+     */
+    status: null | number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The root of this transaction in a pre-bazatium block. In
+     *  post-byzantium blocks this is null.
+     */
+    root: null | string;
+
+}
+
+/*
+export interface LegacyTransactionReceipt {
+    byzantium: false;
+    status: null;
+    root: string;
+}
+
+export interface ByzantiumTransactionReceipt {
+    byzantium: true;
+    status: number;
+    root: null;
+}
+*/
+
+
+
+//////////////////////
+// Transaction Response
+
+/**
+ *  a **TransactionResponseParams** encodes the minimal required properties
+ *  for a formatted transaction response.
+ */
+export interface TransactionResponseParams {
+    /**
+     *  The block number of the block that included this transaction.
+     */
+    blockNumber: null | number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The block hash of the block that included this transaction.
+     */
+    blockHash: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The transaction hash.
+     */
+    hash: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The transaction index.
+     */
+    index: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The [[link-eip-2718]] transaction type.
+     */
+    type: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The target of the transaction. If ``null``, the ``data`` is initcode
+     *  and this transaction is a deployment transaction.
+     */
+    to: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The sender of the transaction.
+     */
+    from: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The nonce of the transaction, used for replay protection.
+     */
+    nonce: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The maximum amount of gas this transaction is authorized to consume.
+     */
+    gasLimit: bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  For legacy transactions, this is the gas price per gas to pay.
+     */
+    gasPrice: bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  For [[link-eip-1559]] transactions, this is the maximum priority
+     *  fee to allow a producer to claim.
+     */
+    maxPriorityFeePerGas: null | bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  For [[link-eip-1559]] transactions, this is the maximum fee that
+     *  will be paid.
+     */
+    maxFeePerGas: null | bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  For [[link-eip-4844]] transactions, this is the maximum fee that
+     *  will be paid per BLOb.
+     */
+    maxFeePerBlobGas?: null | bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The transaction data.
+     */
+    data: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The transaction value (in wei).
+     */
+    value: bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The chain ID this transaction is valid on.
+     */
+    chainId: bigint;
+
+    /**
+     *  The signature of the transaction.
+     */
+    signature: Signature;
+
+    /**
+     *  The transaction access list.
+     */
+    accessList: null | AccessList;
+
+    /**
+     *  The [[link-eip-4844]] BLOb versioned hashes.
+     */
+    blobVersionedHashes?: null | Array<string>;  // @TODO: drop the "?"? (v7)
+
+    /**
+     *  The [[link-eip-7702]] authorizations (if any).
+     */
+    authorizationList: null | Array<Authorization>;
+};
+
+

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/**
+ *  A **Provider** provides a connection to the blockchain, whch can be
+ *  used to query its current state, simulate execution and send transactions
+ *  to update the state.
+ *
+ *  It is one of the most fundamental components of interacting with a
+ *  blockchain application, and there are many ways to connect, such as over
+ *  HTTP, WebSockets or injected providers such as [MetaMask](link-metamask).
+ *
+ *  @_section: api/providers:Providers  [about-providers]
+ */
+
+
+export {
+    AbstractProvider, UnmanagedSubscriber
+} from "./abstract-provider.js";
+
+export {
+    AbstractSigner,
+    VoidSigner,
+} from "./abstract-signer.js";
+
+export {
+    showThrottleMessage
+} from "./community.js";
+
+export { getDefaultProvider } from "./default-provider.js";
+
+export {
+    EnsResolver,
+    MulticoinProviderPlugin
+} from "./ens-resolver.js";
+
+export { Network } from "./network.js";
+
+export { NonceManager } from "./signer-noncemanager.js";
+
+export {
+    NetworkPlugin,
+    GasCostPlugin,
+    EnsPlugin,
+    FeeDataNetworkPlugin,
+    FetchUrlFeeDataNetworkPlugin,
+} from "./plugins-network.js";
+
+export {
+    Block,
+    FeeData,
+    Log,
+    TransactionReceipt,
+    TransactionResponse,
+
+    copyRequest,
+    //resolveTransactionRequest,
+} from "./provider.js";
+
+export { FallbackProvider } from "./provider-fallback.js";
+export { JsonRpcApiProvider, JsonRpcProvider, JsonRpcSigner } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js"
+
+export { BrowserProvider } from "./provider-browser.js";
+
+export { AlchemyProvider } from "./provider-alchemy.js";
+export { BlockscoutProvider } from "./provider-blockscout.js";
+export { AnkrProvider } from "./provider-ankr.js";
+export { CloudflareProvider } from "./provider-cloudflare.js";
+export { ChainstackProvider } from "./provider-chainstack.js";
+export { EtherscanProvider, EtherscanPlugin } from "./provider-etherscan.js";
+export { InfuraProvider, InfuraWebSocketProvider } from "./provider-infura.js";
+export { PocketProvider } from "./provider-pocket.js";
+export { QuickNodeProvider } from "./provider-quicknode.js";
+
+import { IpcSocketProvider } from "./provider-ipcsocket.js"; /*-browser*/
+export { IpcSocketProvider };
+export { SocketProvider } from "./provider-socket.js";
+export { WebSocketProvider } from "./provider-websocket.js";
+
+export {
+    SocketSubscriber, SocketBlockSubscriber, SocketPendingSubscriber,
+    SocketEventSubscriber
+} from "./provider-socket.js";
+
+export type {
+    AbstractProviderOptions, Subscription, Subscriber,
+    AbstractProviderPlugin,
+    PerformActionFilter, PerformActionTransaction, PerformActionRequest,
+} from "./abstract-provider.js"
+
+export type { ContractRunner } from "./contracts.js";
+
+export type {
+    BlockParams, LogParams, TransactionReceiptParams,
+    TransactionResponseParams,
+} from "./formatting.js";
+
+export type {
+    CommunityResourcable
+} from "./community.js";
+
+/*
+export type {
+    AvatarLinkageType, AvatarLinkage, AvatarResult
+} from "./ens-resolver.js";
+*/
+export type { Networkish } from "./network.js";
+
+export type { GasCostParameters } from "./plugins-network.js";
+
+export type {
+    BlockTag,
+    TransactionRequest, PreparedTransactionRequest,
+    EventFilter, Filter, FilterByBlockHash, OrphanFilter, ProviderEvent,
+    TopicFilter,
+    Provider,
+    MinedBlock, MinedTransactionResponse
+} from "./provider.js";
+
+export type {
+    BrowserDiscoverOptions, BrowserProviderOptions, DebugEventBrowserProvider,
+    Eip1193Provider, Eip6963ProviderInfo
+} from "./provider-browser.js";
+
+export type { FallbackProviderOptions } from "./provider-fallback.js";
+
+export type {
+    JsonRpcPayload, JsonRpcResult, JsonRpcError,
+    JsonRpcApiProviderOptions,
+    JsonRpcTransactionRequest,
+} from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+
+export type {
+    WebSocketCreator, WebSocketLike
+} from "./provider-websocket.js";
+
+export type { Signer } from "./signer.js";
+

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/network.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+/**
+ *  A **Network** encapsulates the various properties required to
+ *  interact with a specific chain.
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/providers:Networks  [networks]
+ */
+
+import { accessListify } from "../transaction/index.js";
+import { getBigInt, assert, assertArgument } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import {
+    EnsPlugin, FetchUrlFeeDataNetworkPlugin, GasCostPlugin
+} from "./plugins-network.js";
+
+import type { BigNumberish } from "../utils/index.js";
+import type { TransactionLike } from "../transaction/index.js";
+
+import type { NetworkPlugin } from "./plugins-network.js";
+
+
+/**
+ *  A Networkish can be used to allude to a Network, by specifing:
+ *  - a [[Network]] object
+ *  - a well-known (or registered) network name
+ *  - a well-known (or registered) chain ID
+ *  - an object with sufficient details to describe a network
+ */
+export type Networkish = Network | number | bigint | string | {
+    name?: string,
+    chainId?: number,
+    //layerOneConnection?: Provider,
+    ensAddress?: string,
+    ensNetwork?: number
+};
+
+
+
+
+/* * * *
+// Networks which operation against an L2 can use this plugin to
+// specify how to access L1, for the purpose of resolving ENS,
+// for example.
+export class LayerOneConnectionPlugin extends NetworkPlugin {
+    readonly provider!: Provider;
+// @TODO: Rename to ChainAccess and allow for connecting to any chain
+    constructor(provider: Provider) {
+        super("org.ethers.plugins.layer-one-connection");
+        defineProperties<LayerOneConnectionPlugin>(this, { provider });
+    }
+
+    clone(): LayerOneConnectionPlugin {
+        return new LayerOneConnectionPlugin(this.provider);
+    }
+}
+*/
+
+
+const Networks: Map<string | bigint, () => Network> = new Map();
+
+
+/**
+ *  A **Network** provides access to a chain's properties and allows
+ *  for plug-ins to extend functionality.
+ */
+export class Network {
+    #name: string;
+    #chainId: bigint;
+
+    #plugins: Map<string, NetworkPlugin>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **Network** for %%name%% and %%chainId%%.
+     */
+    constructor(name: string, chainId: BigNumberish) {
+        this.#name = name;
+        this.#chainId = getBigInt(chainId);
+        this.#plugins = new Map();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a JSON-compatible representation of a Network.
+     */
+    toJSON(): any {
+        return { name: this.name, chainId: String(this.chainId) };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The network common name.
+     *
+     *  This is the canonical name, as networks migh have multiple
+     *  names.
+     */
+    get name(): string { return this.#name; }
+    set name(value: string) { this.#name =  value; }
+
+    /**
+     *  The network chain ID.
+     */
+    get chainId(): bigint { return this.#chainId; }
+    set chainId(value: BigNumberish) { this.#chainId = getBigInt(value, "chainId"); }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns true if %%other%% matches this network. Any chain ID
+     *  must match, and if no chain ID is present, the name must match.
+     *
+     *  This method does not currently check for additional properties,
+     *  such as ENS address or plug-in compatibility.
+     */
+    matches(other: Networkish): boolean {
+        if (other == null) { return false; }
+
+        if (typeof(other) === "string") {
+            try {
+                return (this.chainId === getBigInt(other));
+            } catch (error) { }
+            return (this.name === other);
+        }
+
+        if (typeof(other) === "number" || typeof(other) === "bigint") {
+            try {
+                return (this.chainId === getBigInt(other));
+            } catch (error) { }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (typeof(other) === "object") {
+            if (other.chainId != null) {
+                try {
+                    return (this.chainId === getBigInt(other.chainId));
+                } catch (error) { }
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (other.name != null) {
+                return (this.name === other.name);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the list of plugins currently attached to this Network.
+     */
+    get plugins(): Array<NetworkPlugin> {
+        return Array.from(this.#plugins.values());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Attach a new %%plugin%% to this Network. The network name
+     *  must be unique, excluding any fragment.
+     */
+    attachPlugin(plugin: NetworkPlugin): this {
+        if (this.#plugins.get(plugin.name)) {
+            throw new Error(`cannot replace existing plugin: ${ plugin.name } `);
+        }
+        this.#plugins.set(plugin.name, plugin.clone());
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Return the plugin, if any, matching %%name%% exactly. Plugins
+     *  with fragments will not be returned unless %%name%% includes
+     *  a fragment.
+     */
+    getPlugin<T extends NetworkPlugin = NetworkPlugin>(name: string): null | T {
+        return <T>(this.#plugins.get(name)) || null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Gets a list of all plugins that match %%name%%, with otr without
+     *  a fragment.
+     */
+    getPlugins<T extends NetworkPlugin = NetworkPlugin>(basename: string): Array<T> {
+        return <Array<T>>(this.plugins.filter((p) => (p.name.split("#")[0] === basename)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Create a copy of this Network.
+     */
+    clone(): Network {
+        const clone = new Network(this.name, this.chainId);
+        this.plugins.forEach((plugin) => {
+            clone.attachPlugin(plugin.clone());
+        });
+        return clone;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Compute the intrinsic gas required for a transaction.
+     *
+     *  A GasCostPlugin can be attached to override the default
+     *  values.
+     */
+    computeIntrinsicGas(tx: TransactionLike): number {
+        const costs = this.getPlugin<GasCostPlugin>("org.ethers.plugins.network.GasCost") || (new GasCostPlugin());
+
+        let gas = costs.txBase;
+        if (tx.to == null) { gas += costs.txCreate; }
+        if (tx.data) {
+            for (let i = 2; i < tx.data.length; i += 2) {
+                if (tx.data.substring(i, i + 2) === "00") {
+                    gas += costs.txDataZero;
+                } else {
+                    gas += costs.txDataNonzero;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (tx.accessList) {
+            const accessList = accessListify(tx.accessList);
+            for (const addr in accessList) {
+                gas += costs.txAccessListAddress + costs.txAccessListStorageKey * accessList[addr].storageKeys.length;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return gas;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a new Network for the %%network%% name or chainId.
+     */
+    static from(network?: Networkish): Network {
+        injectCommonNetworks();
+
+        // Default network
+        if (network == null) { return Network.from("mainnet"); }
+
+        // Canonical name or chain ID
+        if (typeof(network) === "number") { network = BigInt(network); }
+        if (typeof(network) === "string" || typeof(network) === "bigint") {
+            const networkFunc = Networks.get(network);
+            if (networkFunc) { return networkFunc(); }
+            if (typeof(network) === "bigint") {
+                return new Network("unknown", network);
+            }
+
+            assertArgument(false, "unknown network", "network", network);
+        }
+
+        // Clonable with network-like abilities
+        if (typeof((<Network>network).clone) === "function") {
+            const clone = (<Network>network).clone();
+            //if (typeof(network.name) !== "string" || typeof(network.chainId) !== "number") {
+            //}
+            return clone;
+        }
+
+        // Networkish
+        if (typeof(network) === "object") {
+            assertArgument(typeof(network.name) === "string" && typeof(network.chainId) === "number",
+                "invalid network object name or chainId", "network", network);
+
+            const custom = new Network(<string>(network.name), <number>(network.chainId));
+
+            if ((<any>network).ensAddress || (<any>network).ensNetwork != null) {
+                custom.attachPlugin(new EnsPlugin((<any>network).ensAddress, (<any>network).ensNetwork));
+            }
+
+            //if ((<any>network).layerOneConnection) {
+            //    custom.attachPlugin(new LayerOneConnectionPlugin((<any>network).layerOneConnection));
+            //}
+
+            return custom;
+        }
+
+        assertArgument(false, "invalid network", "network", network);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Register %%nameOrChainId%% with a function which returns
+     *  an instance of a Network representing that chain.
+     */
+    static register(nameOrChainId: string | number | bigint, networkFunc: () => Network): void {
+        if (typeof(nameOrChainId) === "number") { nameOrChainId = BigInt(nameOrChainId); }
+        const existing = Networks.get(nameOrChainId);
+        if (existing) {
+            assertArgument(false, `conflicting network for ${ JSON.stringify(existing.name) }`, "nameOrChainId", nameOrChainId);
+        }
+        Networks.set(nameOrChainId, networkFunc);
+    }
+}
+
+
+type Options = {
+    ensNetwork?: number;
+    altNames?: Array<string>;
+    plugins?: Array<NetworkPlugin>;
+};
+
+// We don't want to bring in formatUnits because it is backed by
+// FixedNumber and we want to keep Networks tiny. The values
+// included by the Gas Stations are also IEEE 754 with lots of
+// rounding issues and exceed the strict checks formatUnits has.
+function parseUnits(_value: number | string, decimals: number): bigint {
+    const value = String(_value);
+    if (!value.match(/^[0-9.]+$/)) {
+        throw new Error(`invalid gwei value: ${ _value }`);
+    }
+
+    // Break into [ whole, fraction ]
+    const comps = value.split(".");
+    if (comps.length === 1) { comps.push(""); }
+
+    // More than 1 decimal point or too many fractional positions
+    if (comps.length !== 2) {
+        throw new Error(`invalid gwei value: ${ _value }`);
+    }
+
+    // Pad the fraction to 9 decimalplaces
+    while (comps[1].length < decimals) { comps[1] += "0"; }
+
+    // Too many decimals and some non-zero ending, take the ceiling
+    if (comps[1].length > 9) {
+        let frac = BigInt(comps[1].substring(0, 9));
+        if (!comps[1].substring(9).match(/^0+$/)) { frac++; }
+        comps[1] = frac.toString();
+    }
+
+    return BigInt(comps[0] + comps[1]);
+}
+
+// Used by Polygon to use a gas station for fee data
+function getGasStationPlugin(url: string) {
+    return new FetchUrlFeeDataNetworkPlugin(url, async (fetchFeeData, provider, request) => {
+
+        // Prevent Cloudflare from blocking our request in node.js
+        request.setHeader("User-Agent", "ethers");
+
+        let response;
+        try {
+            const [ _response, _feeData ] = await Promise.all([
+                request.send(), fetchFeeData()
+            ]);
+            response = _response;
+            const payload = response.bodyJson.standard;
+            const feeData = {
+                gasPrice: _feeData.gasPrice,
+                maxFeePerGas: parseUnits(payload.maxFee, 9),
+                maxPriorityFeePerGas: parseUnits(payload.maxPriorityFee, 9),
+            };
+            return feeData;
+        } catch (error: any) {
+            assert(false, `error encountered with polygon gas station (${ JSON.stringify(request.url) })`, "SERVER_ERROR", { request, response, error });
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+// See: https://chainlist.org
+let injected = false;
+function injectCommonNetworks(): void {
+    if (injected) { return; }
+    injected = true;
+
+    /// Register popular Ethereum networks
+    function registerEth(name: string, chainId: number, options: Options): void {
+        const func = function() {
+            const network = new Network(name, chainId);
+
+            // We use 0 to disable ENS
+            if (options.ensNetwork != null) {
+                network.attachPlugin(new EnsPlugin(null, options.ensNetwork));
+            }
+
+            network.attachPlugin(new GasCostPlugin());
+
+            (options.plugins || []).forEach((plugin) => {
+                network.attachPlugin(plugin);
+            });
+
+            return network;
+        };
+
+        // Register the network by name and chain ID
+        Network.register(name, func);
+        Network.register(chainId, func);
+
+        if (options.altNames) {
+            options.altNames.forEach((name) => {
+                Network.register(name, func);
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    registerEth("mainnet", 1, { ensNetwork: 1, altNames: [ "homestead" ] });
+    registerEth("ropsten", 3, { ensNetwork: 3 });
+    registerEth("rinkeby", 4, { ensNetwork: 4 });
+    registerEth("goerli", 5, { ensNetwork: 5 });
+    registerEth("kovan", 42, { ensNetwork: 42 });
+    registerEth("sepolia", 11155111, { ensNetwork: 11155111 });
+    registerEth("holesky", 17000, { ensNetwork: 17000 });
+
+    registerEth("classic", 61, { });
+    registerEth("classicKotti", 6, { });
+
+    registerEth("arbitrum", 42161, {
+        ensNetwork: 1,
+    });
+    registerEth("arbitrum-goerli", 421613, { });
+    registerEth("arbitrum-sepolia", 421614, { });
+
+    registerEth("base", 8453, { ensNetwork: 1 });
+    registerEth("base-goerli", 84531, { });
+    registerEth("base-sepolia", 84532, { });
+
+    registerEth("bnb", 56, { ensNetwork: 1 });
+    registerEth("bnbt", 97, { });
+
+    registerEth("filecoin", 314, { });
+    registerEth("filecoin-calibration", 314159, { });
+
+    registerEth("linea", 59144, { ensNetwork: 1 });
+    registerEth("linea-goerli", 59140, { });
+    registerEth("linea-sepolia", 59141, { });
+
+    registerEth("matic", 137, {
+        ensNetwork: 1,
+        plugins: [
+            getGasStationPlugin("https:/\/gasstation.polygon.technology/v2")
+        ]
+    });
+    registerEth("matic-amoy", 80002, { });
+    registerEth("matic-mumbai", 80001, {
+        altNames: [ "maticMumbai", "maticmum" ],  // @TODO: Future remove these alts
+        plugins: [
+            getGasStationPlugin("https:/\/gasstation-testnet.polygon.technology/v2")
+        ]
+    });
+
+    registerEth("optimism", 10, {
+        ensNetwork: 1,
+        plugins: [ ]
+    });
+    registerEth("optimism-goerli", 420, { });
+    registerEth("optimism-sepolia", 11155420, { });
+
+    registerEth("xdai", 100, { ensNetwork: 1 });
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/pagination.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+export interface PaginationResult<R> extends Array<R> {
+    next(): Promise<PaginationResult<R>>;
+
+    // The total number of results available or null if unknown
+    totalResults: null | number;
+
+    done: boolean;
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/plugin-fallback.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+import { AbstractProviderPlugin } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import { defineProperties } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { AbstractProvider, PerformActionRequest } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+
+
+export const PluginIdFallbackProvider = "org.ethers.plugins.provider.QualifiedPlugin";
+
+export class CheckQualifiedPlugin implements AbstractProviderPlugin {
+    declare name: string;
+
+    constructor() {
+        defineProperties<CheckQualifiedPlugin>(this, { name: PluginIdFallbackProvider });
+    }
+
+    connect(provider: AbstractProvider): CheckQualifiedPlugin {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    // Retruns true if this value should be considered qualified for
+    // inclusion in the quorum.
+    isQualified(action: PerformActionRequest, result: any): boolean {
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+export class PossiblyPrunedTransactionPlugin extends CheckQualifiedPlugin {
+    isQualified(action: PerformActionRequest, result: any): boolean {
+        if (action.method === "getTransaction" || action.method === "getTransactionReceipt") {
+            if (result == null) { return false; }
+        }
+        return super.isQualified(action, result);
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/plugins-network.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+import { defineProperties } from "../utils/properties.js";
+
+import { assertArgument } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { FeeData, Provider } from "./provider.js";
+import type { FetchRequest } from "../utils/fetch.js";
+
+
+const EnsAddress = "0x00000000000C2E074eC69A0dFb2997BA6C7d2e1e";
+
+/**
+ *  A **NetworkPlugin** provides additional functionality on a [[Network]].
+ */
+export class NetworkPlugin {
+    /**
+     *  The name of the plugin.
+     *
+     *  It is recommended to use reverse-domain-notation, which permits
+     *  unique names with a known authority as well as hierarchal entries.
+     */
+    readonly name!: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **NetworkPlugin**.
+     */
+    constructor(name: string) {
+        defineProperties<NetworkPlugin>(this, { name });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a copy of this plugin.
+     */
+    clone(): NetworkPlugin {
+        return new NetworkPlugin(this.name);
+    }
+
+//    validate(network: Network): NetworkPlugin {
+//        return this;
+//    }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ *  The gas cost parameters for a [[GasCostPlugin]].
+ */
+export type GasCostParameters = {
+    /**
+     *  The transactions base fee.
+     */
+    txBase?: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The fee for creating a new account.
+     */
+    txCreate?: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The fee per zero-byte in the data.
+     */
+    txDataZero?: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The fee per non-zero-byte in the data.
+     */
+    txDataNonzero?: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The fee per storage key in the [[link-eip-2930]] access list.
+     */
+    txAccessListStorageKey?: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The fee per address in the [[link-eip-2930]] access list.
+     */
+    txAccessListAddress?: number;
+};
+
+/**
+ *  A **GasCostPlugin** allows a network to provide alternative values when
+ *  computing the intrinsic gas required for a transaction.
+ */
+export class GasCostPlugin extends NetworkPlugin implements GasCostParameters {
+    /**
+     *  The block number to treat these values as valid from.
+     *
+     *  This allows a hardfork to have updated values included as well as
+     *  mulutiple hardforks to be supported.
+     */
+    readonly effectiveBlock!: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The transactions base fee.
+     */
+    readonly txBase!: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The fee for creating a new account.
+     */
+    readonly txCreate!: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The fee per zero-byte in the data.
+     */
+    readonly txDataZero!: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The fee per non-zero-byte in the data.
+     */
+    readonly txDataNonzero!: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The fee per storage key in the [[link-eip-2930]] access list.
+     */
+    readonly txAccessListStorageKey!: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The fee per address in the [[link-eip-2930]] access list.
+     */
+    readonly txAccessListAddress!: number;
+
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new GasCostPlugin from %%effectiveBlock%% until the
+     *  latest block or another GasCostPlugin supercedes that block number,
+     *  with the associated %%costs%%.
+     */
+    constructor(effectiveBlock?: number, costs?: GasCostParameters) {
+        if (effectiveBlock == null) { effectiveBlock = 0; }
+        super(`org.ethers.network.plugins.GasCost#${ (effectiveBlock || 0) }`);
+
+        const props: Record<string, number> = { effectiveBlock };
+        function set(name: keyof GasCostParameters, nullish: number): void {
+            let value = (costs || { })[name];
+            if (value == null) { value = nullish; }
+            assertArgument(typeof(value) === "number", `invalud value for ${ name }`, "costs", costs);
+            props[name] = value;
+        }
+
+        set("txBase", 21000);
+        set("txCreate", 32000);
+        set("txDataZero", 4);
+        set("txDataNonzero", 16);
+        set("txAccessListStorageKey", 1900);
+        set("txAccessListAddress", 2400);
+
+        defineProperties<GasCostPlugin>(this, props);
+    }
+
+    clone(): GasCostPlugin {
+        return new GasCostPlugin(this.effectiveBlock, this);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  An **EnsPlugin** allows a [[Network]] to specify the ENS Registry
+ *  Contract address and the target network to use when using that
+ *  contract.
+ *
+ *  Various testnets have their own instance of the contract to use, but
+ *  in general, the mainnet instance supports multi-chain addresses and
+ *  should be used.
+ */
+export class EnsPlugin extends NetworkPlugin {
+
+    /**
+     *  The ENS Registrty Contract address.
+     */
+    readonly address!: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The chain ID that the ENS contract lives on.
+     */
+    readonly targetNetwork!: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **EnsPlugin** connected to %%address%% on the
+     *  %%targetNetwork%%. The default ENS address and mainnet is used
+     *  if unspecified.
+     */
+    constructor(address?: null | string, targetNetwork?: null | number) {
+        super("org.ethers.plugins.network.Ens");
+        defineProperties<EnsPlugin>(this, {
+            address: (address || EnsAddress),
+            targetNetwork: ((targetNetwork == null) ? 1: targetNetwork)
+        });
+    }
+
+    clone(): EnsPlugin {
+        return new EnsPlugin(this.address, this.targetNetwork);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **FeeDataNetworkPlugin** allows a network to provide and alternate
+ *  means to specify its fee data.
+ *
+ *  For example, a network which does not support [[link-eip-1559]] may
+ *  choose to use a Gas Station site to approximate the gas price.
+ */
+export class FeeDataNetworkPlugin extends NetworkPlugin {
+    readonly #feeDataFunc: (provider: Provider) => Promise<FeeData>;
+
+    /**
+     *  The fee data function provided to the constructor.
+     */
+    get feeDataFunc(): (provider: Provider) => Promise<FeeData> {
+        return this.#feeDataFunc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **FeeDataNetworkPlugin**.
+     */
+    constructor(feeDataFunc: (provider: Provider) => Promise<FeeData>) {
+        super("org.ethers.plugins.network.FeeData");
+        this.#feeDataFunc = feeDataFunc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to the fee data.
+     */
+    async getFeeData(provider: Provider): Promise<FeeData> {
+        return await this.#feeDataFunc(provider);
+    }
+
+    clone(): FeeDataNetworkPlugin {
+        return new FeeDataNetworkPlugin(this.#feeDataFunc);
+    }
+}
+
+export class FetchUrlFeeDataNetworkPlugin extends NetworkPlugin {
+    readonly #url: string;
+    readonly #processFunc: (f: () => Promise<FeeData>, p: Provider, r: FetchRequest) => Promise<{ gasPrice?: null | bigint, maxFeePerGas?: null | bigint, maxPriorityFeePerGas?: null | bigint }>;
+
+    /**
+     *  The URL to initialize the FetchRequest with in %%processFunc%%.
+     */
+    get url(): string { return this.#url; }
+
+    /**
+     *  The callback to use when computing the FeeData.
+     */
+    get processFunc(): (f: () => Promise<FeeData>, p: Provider, r: FetchRequest) => Promise<{ gasPrice?: null | bigint, maxFeePerGas?: null | bigint, maxPriorityFeePerGas?: null | bigint }> { return this.#processFunc; }
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **FetchUrlFeeDataNetworkPlugin** which will
+     *  be used when computing the fee data for the network.
+     */
+    constructor(url: string, processFunc: (f: () => Promise<FeeData>, p: Provider, r: FetchRequest) => Promise<{ gasPrice?: null | bigint, maxFeePerGas?: null | bigint, maxPriorityFeePerGas?: null | bigint }>) {
+        super("org.ethers.plugins.network.FetchUrlFeeDataPlugin");
+        this.#url = url;
+        this.#processFunc = processFunc;
+    }
+
+    // We are immutable, so we can serve as our own clone
+    clone(): FetchUrlFeeDataNetworkPlugin { return this; }
+}
+
+/*
+export class CustomBlockNetworkPlugin extends NetworkPlugin {
+    readonly #blockFunc: (provider: Provider, block: BlockParams<string>) => Block<string>;
+    readonly #blockWithTxsFunc: (provider: Provider, block: BlockParams<TransactionResponseParams>) => Block<TransactionResponse>;
+
+    constructor(blockFunc: (provider: Provider, block: BlockParams<string>) => Block<string>, blockWithTxsFunc: (provider: Provider, block: BlockParams<TransactionResponseParams>) => Block<TransactionResponse>) {
+        super("org.ethers.network-plugins.custom-block");
+        this.#blockFunc = blockFunc;
+        this.#blockWithTxsFunc = blockWithTxsFunc;
+    }
+
+    async getBlock(provider: Provider, block: BlockParams<string>): Promise<Block<string>> {
+        return await this.#blockFunc(provider, block);
+    }
+
+    async getBlockions(provider: Provider, block: BlockParams<TransactionResponseParams>): Promise<Block<TransactionResponse>> {
+        return await this.#blockWithTxsFunc(provider, block);
+    }
+
+    clone(): CustomBlockNetworkPlugin {
+        return new CustomBlockNetworkPlugin(this.#blockFunc, this.#blockWithTxsFunc);
+    }
+}
+*/

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/provider-alchemy.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+/**
+ *  [[link-alchemy]] provides a third-party service for connecting to
+ *  various blockchains over JSON-RPC.
+ *
+ *  **Supported Networks**
+ *
+ *  - Ethereum Mainnet (``mainnet``)
+ *  - Goerli Testnet (``goerli``)
+ *  - Sepolia Testnet (``sepolia``)
+ *  - Arbitrum (``arbitrum``)
+ *  - Arbitrum Goerli Testnet (``arbitrum-goerli``)
+ *  - Arbitrum Sepolia Testnet (``arbitrum-sepolia``)
+ *  - Base (``base``)
+ *  - Base Goerlia Testnet (``base-goerli``)
+ *  - Base Sepolia Testnet (``base-sepolia``)
+ *  - Optimism (``optimism``)
+ *  - Optimism Goerli Testnet (``optimism-goerli``)
+ *  - Optimism Sepolia Testnet (``optimism-sepolia``)
+ *  - Polygon (``matic``)
+ *  - Polygon Amoy Testnet (``matic-amoy``)
+ *  - Polygon Mumbai Testnet (``matic-mumbai``)
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/providers/thirdparty:Alchemy  [providers-alchemy]
+ */
+
+import {
+    defineProperties, resolveProperties, assert, assertArgument,
+    FetchRequest
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { showThrottleMessage } from "./community.js";
+import { Network } from "./network.js";
+import { JsonRpcProvider } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+
+import type { AbstractProvider, PerformActionRequest } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import type { CommunityResourcable } from "./community.js";
+import type { Networkish } from "./network.js";
+
+
+const defaultApiKey = "_gg7wSSi0KMBsdKnGVfHDueq6xMB9EkC"
+
+function getHost(name: string): string {
+    switch(name) {
+        case "mainnet":
+            return "eth-mainnet.g.alchemy.com";
+        case "goerli":
+            return "eth-goerli.g.alchemy.com";
+        case "sepolia":
+            return "eth-sepolia.g.alchemy.com";
+
+        case "arbitrum":
+            return "arb-mainnet.g.alchemy.com";
+        case "arbitrum-goerli":
+            return "arb-goerli.g.alchemy.com";
+        case "arbitrum-sepolia":
+            return "arb-sepolia.g.alchemy.com";
+        case "base":
+            return "base-mainnet.g.alchemy.com";
+        case "base-goerli":
+            return "base-goerli.g.alchemy.com";
+        case "base-sepolia":
+            return "base-sepolia.g.alchemy.com";
+        case "matic":
+            return "polygon-mainnet.g.alchemy.com";
+        case "matic-amoy":
+            return "polygon-amoy.g.alchemy.com";
+        case "matic-mumbai":
+            return "polygon-mumbai.g.alchemy.com";
+        case "optimism":
+            return "opt-mainnet.g.alchemy.com";
+        case "optimism-goerli":
+            return "opt-goerli.g.alchemy.com";
+        case "optimism-sepolia":
+            return "opt-sepolia.g.alchemy.com";
+    }
+
+    assertArgument(false, "unsupported network", "network", name);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  The **AlchemyProvider** connects to the [[link-alchemy]]
+ *  JSON-RPC end-points.
+ *
+ *  By default, a highly-throttled API key is used, which is
+ *  appropriate for quick prototypes and simple scripts. To
+ *  gain access to an increased rate-limit, it is highly
+ *  recommended to [sign up here](link-alchemy-signup).
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/providers/thirdparty
+ */
+export class AlchemyProvider extends JsonRpcProvider implements CommunityResourcable {
+    readonly apiKey!: string;
+
+    constructor(_network?: Networkish, apiKey?: null | string) {
+        if (_network == null) { _network = "mainnet"; }
+        const network = Network.from(_network);
+        if (apiKey == null) { apiKey = defaultApiKey; }
+
+        const request = AlchemyProvider.getRequest(network, apiKey);
+        super(request, network, { staticNetwork: network });
+
+        defineProperties<AlchemyProvider>(this, { apiKey });
+    }
+
+    _getProvider(chainId: number): AbstractProvider {
+        try {
+            return new AlchemyProvider(chainId, this.apiKey);
+        } catch (error) { }
+        return super._getProvider(chainId);
+    }
+
+    async _perform(req: PerformActionRequest): Promise<any> {
+
+        // https://docs.alchemy.com/reference/trace-transaction
+        if (req.method === "getTransactionResult") {
+            const { trace, tx } = await resolveProperties({
+                trace: this.send("trace_transaction", [ req.hash ]),
+                tx: this.getTransaction(req.hash)
+            });
+            if (trace == null || tx == null) { return null; }
+
+            let data: undefined | string;
+            let error = false;
+            try {
+                data = trace[0].result.output;
+                error = (trace[0].error === "Reverted");
+            } catch (error) { }
+
+            if (data) {
+                assert(!error, "an error occurred during transaction executions", "CALL_EXCEPTION", {
+                    action: "getTransactionResult",
+                    data,
+                    reason: null,
+                    transaction: tx,
+                    invocation: null,
+                    revert: null // @TODO
+                });
+                return data;
+            }
+
+            assert(false, "could not parse trace result", "BAD_DATA", { value: trace });
+        }
+
+        return await super._perform(req);
+    }
+
+    isCommunityResource(): boolean {
+        return (this.apiKey === defaultApiKey);
+    }
+
+    static getRequest(network: Network, apiKey?: string): FetchRequest {
+        if (apiKey == null) { apiKey = defaultApiKey; }
+
+        const request = new FetchRequest(`https:/\/${ getHost(network.name) }/v2/${ apiKey }`);
+        request.allowGzip = true;
+
+        if (apiKey === defaultApiKey) {
+            request.retryFunc = async (request, response, attempt) => {
+                showThrottleMessage("alchemy");
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return request;
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/provider-ankr.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+/**
+ *  [[link-ankr]] provides a third-party service for connecting to
+ *  various blockchains over JSON-RPC.
+ *
+ *  **Supported Networks**
+ *
+ *  - Ethereum Mainnet (``mainnet``)
+ *  - Goerli Testnet (``goerli``)
+ *  - Sepolia Testnet (``sepolia``)
+ *  - Arbitrum (``arbitrum``)
+ *  - Base (``base``)
+ *  - Base Goerlia Testnet (``base-goerli``)
+ *  - Base Sepolia Testnet (``base-sepolia``)
+ *  - BNB (``bnb``)
+ *  - BNB Testnet (``bnbt``)
+ *  - Filecoin (``filecoin``)
+ *  - Filecoin Calibration Testnet (``filecoin-calibration``)
+ *  - Optimism (``optimism``)
+ *  - Optimism Goerli Testnet (``optimism-goerli``)
+ *  - Optimism Sepolia Testnet (``optimism-sepolia``)
+ *  - Polygon (``matic``)
+ *  - Polygon Mumbai Testnet (``matic-mumbai``)
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/providers/thirdparty:Ankr  [providers-ankr]
+ */
+import {
+    defineProperties, FetchRequest, assertArgument
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { AbstractProvider } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import { showThrottleMessage } from "./community.js";
+import { Network } from "./network.js";
+import { JsonRpcProvider } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+
+import type { CommunityResourcable } from "./community.js";
+import type { Networkish } from "./network.js";
+import type { JsonRpcError, JsonRpcPayload } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+
+
+const defaultApiKey = "9f7d929b018cdffb338517efa06f58359e86ff1ffd350bc889738523659e7972";
+
+function getHost(name: string): string {
+    switch (name) {
+        case "mainnet":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/eth";
+        case "goerli":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/eth_goerli";
+        case "sepolia":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/eth_sepolia";
+
+        case "arbitrum":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/arbitrum";
+        case "base":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/base";
+        case "base-goerli":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/base_goerli";
+        case "base-sepolia":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/base_sepolia";
+        case "bnb":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/bsc";
+        case "bnbt":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/bsc_testnet_chapel";
+        case "filecoin":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/filecoin";
+        case "filecoin-calibration":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/filecoin_testnet";
+        case "matic":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/polygon";
+        case "matic-mumbai":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/polygon_mumbai";
+        case "optimism":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/optimism";
+        case "optimism-goerli":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/optimism_testnet";
+        case "optimism-sepolia":
+            return "rpc.ankr.com/optimism_sepolia";
+    }
+
+    assertArgument(false, "unsupported network", "network", name);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ *  The **AnkrProvider** connects to the [[link-ankr]]
+ *  JSON-RPC end-points.
+ *
+ *  By default, a highly-throttled API key is used, which is
+ *  appropriate for quick prototypes and simple scripts. To
+ *  gain access to an increased rate-limit, it is highly
+ *  recommended to [sign up here](link-ankr-signup).
+ */
+export class AnkrProvider extends JsonRpcProvider implements CommunityResourcable {
+
+    /**
+     *  The API key for the Ankr connection.
+     */
+    readonly apiKey!: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  Create a new **AnkrProvider**.
+     *
+     *  By default connecting to ``mainnet`` with a highly throttled
+     *  API key.
+     */
+    constructor(_network?: Networkish, apiKey?: null | string) {
+        if (_network == null) { _network = "mainnet"; }
+        const network = Network.from(_network);
+        if (apiKey == null) { apiKey = defaultApiKey; }
+
+        // Ankr does not support filterId, so we force polling
+        const options = { polling: true, staticNetwork: network };
+
+        const request = AnkrProvider.getRequest(network, apiKey);
+        super(request, network, options);
+
+        defineProperties<AnkrProvider>(this, { apiKey });
+    }
+
+    _getProvider(chainId: number): AbstractProvider {
+        try {
+            return new AnkrProvider(chainId, this.apiKey);
+        } catch (error) { }
+        return super._getProvider(chainId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a prepared request for connecting to %%network%% with
+     *  %%apiKey%%.
+     */
+    static getRequest(network: Network, apiKey?: null | string): FetchRequest {
+        if (apiKey == null) { apiKey = defaultApiKey; }
+
+        const request = new FetchRequest(`https:/\/${ getHost(network.name) }/${ apiKey }`);
+        request.allowGzip = true;
+
+        if (apiKey === defaultApiKey) {
+            request.retryFunc = async (request, response, attempt) => {
+                showThrottleMessage("AnkrProvider");
+                return true;
+            };
+        }
+
+        return request;
+    }
+
+    getRpcError(payload: JsonRpcPayload, error: JsonRpcError): Error {
+        if (payload.method === "eth_sendRawTransaction") {
+            if (error && error.error && error.error.message === "INTERNAL_ERROR: could not replace existing tx") {
+                error.error.message = "replacement transaction underpriced";
+            }
+        }
+
+        return super.getRpcError(payload, error);
+    }
+
+    isCommunityResource(): boolean {
+        return (this.apiKey === defaultApiKey);
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/provider-blockscout.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+
+/**
+ *  [[link-blockscout]] provides a third-party service for connecting to
+ *  various blockchains over JSON-RPC.
+ *
+ *  **Supported Networks**
+ *
+ *  - Ethereum Mainnet (``mainnet``)
+ *  - Sepolia Testnet (``sepolia``)
+ *  - Holesky Testnet (``holesky``)
+ *  - Ethereum Classic (``classic``)
+ *  - Arbitrum (``arbitrum``)
+ *  - Base (``base``)
+ *  - Base Sepolia Testnet (``base-sepolia``)
+ *  - Gnosis (``xdai``)
+ *  - Optimism (``optimism``)
+ *  - Optimism Sepolia Testnet (``optimism-sepolia``)
+ *  - Polygon (``matic``)
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/providers/thirdparty:Blockscout  [providers-blockscout]
+ */
+import {
+    assertArgument, defineProperties, FetchRequest, isHexString
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { Network } from "./network.js";
+import { JsonRpcProvider } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+
+import type { AbstractProvider, PerformActionRequest } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import type { CommunityResourcable } from "./community.js";
+import type { Networkish } from "./network.js";
+import type { JsonRpcPayload, JsonRpcError } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+
+
+function getUrl(name: string): string {
+    switch(name) {
+        case "mainnet":
+            return "https:/\/eth.blockscout.com/api/eth-rpc";
+        case "sepolia":
+            return "https:/\/eth-sepolia.blockscout.com/api/eth-rpc";
+        case "holesky":
+            return "https:/\/eth-holesky.blockscout.com/api/eth-rpc";
+
+        case "classic":
+            return "https:/\/etc.blockscout.com/api/eth-rpc";
+
+        case "arbitrum":
+            return "https:/\/arbitrum.blockscout.com/api/eth-rpc";
+
+        case "base":
+            return "https:/\/base.blockscout.com/api/eth-rpc";
+        case "base-sepolia":
+            return "https:/\/base-sepolia.blockscout.com/api/eth-rpc";
+
+        case "matic":
+            return "https:/\/polygon.blockscout.com/api/eth-rpc";
+
+        case "optimism":
+            return "https:/\/optimism.blockscout.com/api/eth-rpc";
+        case "optimism-sepolia":
+            return "https:/\/optimism-sepolia.blockscout.com/api/eth-rpc";
+
+        case "xdai":
+            return "https:/\/gnosis.blockscout.com/api/eth-rpc";
+    }
+
+    assertArgument(false, "unsupported network", "network", name);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ *  The **BlockscoutProvider** connects to the [[link-blockscout]]
+ *  JSON-RPC end-points.
+ *
+ *  By default, a highly-throttled API key is used, which is
+ *  appropriate for quick prototypes and simple scripts. To
+ *  gain access to an increased rate-limit, it is highly
+ *  recommended to [sign up here](link-blockscout).
+ */
+export class BlockscoutProvider extends JsonRpcProvider implements CommunityResourcable {
+    /**
+     *  The API key.
+     */
+    readonly apiKey!: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **BlockscoutProvider**.
+     */
+    constructor(_network?: Networkish, apiKey?: null | string) {
+        if (_network == null) { _network = "mainnet"; }
+        const network = Network.from(_network);
+
+        if (apiKey == null) { apiKey = null; }
+
+        const request = BlockscoutProvider.getRequest(network);
+        super(request, network, { staticNetwork: network });
+
+        defineProperties<BlockscoutProvider>(this, { apiKey });
+    }
+
+    _getProvider(chainId: number): AbstractProvider {
+        try {
+            return new BlockscoutProvider(chainId, this.apiKey);
+        } catch (error) { }
+        return super._getProvider(chainId);
+    }
+
+    isCommunityResource(): boolean {
+        return (this.apiKey === null);
+    }
+
+    getRpcRequest(req: PerformActionRequest): null | { method: string, args: Array<any> } {
+        // Blockscout enforces the TAG argument for estimateGas
+        const resp = super.getRpcRequest(req);
+        if (resp && resp.method === "eth_estimateGas" && resp.args.length == 1) {
+            resp.args = resp.args.slice();
+            resp.args.push("latest");
+        }
+        return resp;
+    }
+
+    getRpcError(payload: JsonRpcPayload, _error: JsonRpcError): Error {
+        const error = _error ? _error.error: null;
+
+        // Blockscout currently drops the VM result and replaces it with a
+        // human-readable string, so we need to make it machine-readable.
+        if (error && error.code === -32015 && !isHexString(error.data || "", true)) {
+            const panicCodes = <Record<string, string>>{
+                "assert(false)": "01",
+                "arithmetic underflow or overflow": "11",
+                "division or modulo by zero": "12",
+                "out-of-bounds array access; popping on an empty array": "31",
+                "out-of-bounds access of an array or bytesN": "32"
+            };
+
+            let panicCode = "";
+            if (error.message === "VM execution error.") {
+                // eth_call passes this message
+                panicCode = panicCodes[error.data] || "";
+            } else if (panicCodes[error.message || ""]) {
+                panicCode = panicCodes[error.message || ""];
+            }
+
+            if (panicCode) {
+                error.message += ` (reverted: ${ error.data })`;
+                error.data = "0x4e487b7100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" + panicCode;
+            }
+
+        } else if (error && error.code === -32000) {
+            if (error.message === "wrong transaction nonce") {
+                error.message += " (nonce too low)";
+            }
+        }
+
+        return super.getRpcError(payload, _error);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a prepared request for connecting to %%network%%
+     *  with %%apiKey%%.
+     */
+    static getRequest(network: Network): FetchRequest {
+        const request = new FetchRequest(getUrl(network.name));
+        request.allowGzip = true;
+        return request;
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/provider-browser.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+
+import { assertArgument, makeError } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { JsonRpcApiPollingProvider } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+
+import type {
+    JsonRpcApiProviderOptions,
+    JsonRpcError, JsonRpcPayload, JsonRpcResult,
+    JsonRpcSigner
+} from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+import type { Network, Networkish } from "./network.js";
+
+/**
+ *  The interface to an [[link-eip-1193]] provider, which is a standard
+ *  used by most injected providers, which the [[BrowserProvider]] accepts
+ *  and exposes the API of.
+ */
+export interface Eip1193Provider {
+    /**
+     *  See [[link-eip-1193]] for details on this method.
+     */
+    request(request: { method: string, params?: Array<any> | Record<string, any> }): Promise<any>;
+};
+
+/**
+ *  The possible additional events dispatched when using the ``"debug"``
+ *  event on a [[BrowserProvider]].
+ */
+export type DebugEventBrowserProvider = {
+    action: "sendEip1193Payload",
+    payload: { method: string, params: Array<any> }
+} | {
+    action: "receiveEip1193Result",
+    result: any
+} | {
+    action: "receiveEip1193Error",
+    error: Error
+};
+
+/**
+ *  Provider info provided by the [[link-eip-6963]] discovery mechanism.
+ */
+export interface Eip6963ProviderInfo {
+    uuid: string;
+    name: string;
+    icon: string;
+    rdns: string;
+}
+
+interface Eip6963ProviderDetail {
+    info: Eip6963ProviderInfo;
+    provider: Eip1193Provider;
+}
+
+interface Eip6963Announcement {
+    type: "eip6963:announceProvider";
+    detail: Eip6963ProviderDetail
+}
+
+export type BrowserProviderOptions = {
+    polling?: boolean;
+    staticNetwork?: null | boolean | Network;
+
+    cacheTimeout?: number;
+    pollingInterval?: number;
+
+    providerInfo?: Eip6963ProviderInfo;
+};
+
+/**
+ *  Specifies how [[link-eip-6963]] discovery should proceed.
+ *
+ *  See: [[BrowserProvider-discover]]
+ */
+export interface BrowserDiscoverOptions {
+    /**
+     *  Override provider detection with this provider.
+     */
+    provider?: Eip1193Provider;
+
+    /**
+     *  Duration to wait to detect providers. (default: 300ms)
+     */
+    timeout?: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  Return the first detected provider. Otherwise wait for %%timeout%%
+     *  and allowing filtering before selecting the desired provider.
+     */
+    anyProvider?: boolean;
+
+    /**
+     *  Use the provided window context. Useful in non-standard
+     *  environments or to hijack where a provider comes from.
+     */
+    window?: any;
+
+    /**
+     *  Explicitly choose which provider to used once scanning is complete.
+     */
+    filter?: (found: Array<Eip6963ProviderInfo>) => null | BrowserProvider |
+      Eip6963ProviderInfo;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ *  A **BrowserProvider** is intended to wrap an injected provider which
+ *  adheres to the [[link-eip-1193]] standard, which most (if not all)
+ *  currently do.
+ */
+export class BrowserProvider extends JsonRpcApiPollingProvider {
+    #request: (method: string, params: Array<any> | Record<string, any>) => Promise<any>;
+
+    #providerInfo: null | Eip6963ProviderInfo;
+
+    /**
+     *  Connect to the %%ethereum%% provider, optionally forcing the
+     *  %%network%%.
+     */
+    constructor(ethereum: Eip1193Provider, network?: Networkish, _options?: BrowserProviderOptions) {
+
+        // Copy the options
+        const options: JsonRpcApiProviderOptions = Object.assign({ },
+          ((_options != null) ? _options: { }),
+          { batchMaxCount: 1 });
+
+        assertArgument(ethereum && ethereum.request, "invalid EIP-1193 provider", "ethereum", ethereum);
+
+        super(network, options);
+
+        this.#providerInfo = null;
+        if (_options && _options.providerInfo) {
+            this.#providerInfo = _options.providerInfo;
+        }
+
+        this.#request = async (method: string, params: Array<any> | Record<string, any>) => {
+            const payload = { method, params };
+            this.emit("debug", { action: "sendEip1193Request", payload });
+            try {
+                const result = await ethereum.request(payload);
+                this.emit("debug", { action: "receiveEip1193Result", result });
+                return result;
+            } catch (e: any) {
+                const error = new Error(e.message);
+                (<any>error).code = e.code;
+                (<any>error).data = e.data;
+                (<any>error).payload = payload;
+                this.emit("debug", { action: "receiveEip1193Error", error });
+                throw error;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    get providerInfo(): null | Eip6963ProviderInfo {
+        return this.#providerInfo;
+    }
+
+    async send(method: string, params: Array<any> | Record<string, any>): Promise<any> {
+        await this._start();
+
+        return await super.send(method, params);
+    }
+
+    async _send(payload: JsonRpcPayload | Array<JsonRpcPayload>): Promise<Array<JsonRpcResult | JsonRpcError>> {
+        assertArgument(!Array.isArray(payload), "EIP-1193 does not support batch request", "payload", payload);
+
+        try {
+            const result = await this.#request(payload.method, payload.params || [ ]);
+            return [ { id: payload.id, result } ];
+        } catch (e: any) {
+            return [ {
+                id: payload.id,
+                error: { code: e.code, data: e.data, message: e.message }
+            } ];
+        }
+    }
+
+    getRpcError(payload: JsonRpcPayload, error: JsonRpcError): Error {
+
+        error = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(error));
+
+        // EIP-1193 gives us some machine-readable error codes, so rewrite
+        // them into Ethers standard errors.
+        switch (error.error.code || -1) {
+            case 4001:
+                error.error.message = `ethers-user-denied: ${ error.error.message }`;
+                break;
+            case 4200:
+                error.error.message = `ethers-unsupported: ${ error.error.message }`;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return super.getRpcError(payload, error);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to ``true`` if the provider manages the %%address%%.
+     */
+    async hasSigner(address: number | string): Promise<boolean> {
+        if (address == null) { address = 0; }
+
+        const accounts = await this.send("eth_accounts", [ ]);
+        if (typeof(address) === "number") {
+            return (accounts.length > address);
+        }
+
+        address = address.toLowerCase();
+        return accounts.filter((a: string) => (a.toLowerCase() === address)).length !== 0;
+    }
+
+    async getSigner(address?: number | string): Promise<JsonRpcSigner> {
+        if (address == null) { address = 0; }
+
+        if (!(await this.hasSigner(address))) {
+            try {
+                await this.#request("eth_requestAccounts", [ ]);
+
+            } catch (error: any) {
+                const payload = error.payload;
+                throw this.getRpcError(payload, { id: payload.id, error });
+            }
+        }
+
+        return await super.getSigner(address);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Discover and connect to a Provider in the Browser using the
+     *  [[link-eip-6963]] discovery mechanism. If no providers are
+     *  present, ``null`` is resolved.
+     */
+    static async discover(options?: BrowserDiscoverOptions): Promise<null | BrowserProvider> {
+        if (options == null) { options = { }; }
+
+        if (options.provider) {
+            return new BrowserProvider(options.provider);
+        }
+
+        const context = options.window ? options.window:
+            (typeof(window) !== "undefined") ? window: null;
+
+        if (context == null) { return null; }
+
+        const anyProvider = options.anyProvider;
+        if (anyProvider && context.ethereum) {
+            return new BrowserProvider(context.ethereum);
+        }
+
+        if (!("addEventListener" in context && "dispatchEvent" in context
+          && "removeEventListener" in context)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        const timeout = options.timeout ? options.timeout: 300;
+        if (timeout === 0) { return null; }
+
+        return await (new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+            let found: Array<Eip6963ProviderDetail> = [ ];
+
+            const addProvider = (event: Eip6963Announcement) => {
+                found.push(event.detail);
+                if (anyProvider) { finalize(); }
+            };
+
+            const finalize = () => {
+                clearTimeout(timer);
+
+                if (found.length) {
+
+                    // If filtering is provided:
+                    if (options && options.filter) {
+
+                        // Call filter, with a copies of found provider infos
+                        const filtered = options.filter(found.map(i =>
+                          Object.assign({ }, (i.info))));
+
+                        if (filtered == null) {
+                            // No provider selected
+                            resolve(null);
+
+                        } else if (filtered instanceof BrowserProvider) {
+                            // Custom provider created
+                            resolve(filtered);
+
+                        } else {
+                            // Find the matching provider
+                            let match: null | Eip6963ProviderDetail = null;
+                            if (filtered.uuid) {
+                                const matches = found.filter(f =>
+                                  (filtered.uuid === f.info.uuid));
+                                // @TODO: What should happen if multiple values
+                                //        for the same UUID?
+                                match = matches[0];
+                            }
+
+                            if (match) {
+                                const { provider, info } = match;
+                                resolve(new BrowserProvider(provider, undefined, {
+                                    providerInfo: info
+                                }));
+                            } else {
+                                reject(makeError("filter returned unknown info", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+                                    value: filtered
+                                }));
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                    } else {
+
+                        // Pick the first found provider
+                        const { provider, info } = found[0];
+                        resolve(new BrowserProvider(provider, undefined, {
+                            providerInfo: info
+                        }));
+                    }
+
+                } else {
+                    // Nothing found
+                    resolve(null);
+                }
+
+                context.removeEventListener(<any>"eip6963:announceProvider",
+                  addProvider);
+            };
+
+            const timer = setTimeout(() => { finalize(); }, timeout);
+
+            context.addEventListener(<any>"eip6963:announceProvider",
+              addProvider);
+
+            context.dispatchEvent(new Event("eip6963:requestProvider"));
+        }));
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/provider-chainstack.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/**
+ *  [[link-chainstack]] provides a third-party service for connecting to
+ *  various blockchains over JSON-RPC.
+ *
+ *  **Supported Networks**
+ *
+ *  - Ethereum Mainnet (``mainnet``)
+ *  - Arbitrum (``arbitrum``)
+ *  - BNB Smart Chain Mainnet (``bnb``)
+ *  - Polygon (``matic``)
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/providers/thirdparty:Chainstack  [providers-chainstack]
+ */
+import {
+    defineProperties, FetchRequest, assertArgument
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { showThrottleMessage } from "./community.js";
+import { Network } from "./network.js";
+import { JsonRpcProvider } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+
+import type { AbstractProvider } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import type { CommunityResourcable } from "./community.js";
+import type { Networkish } from "./network.js";
+
+
+function getApiKey(name: string): string {
+    switch (name) {
+        case "mainnet": return "39f1d67cedf8b7831010a665328c9197";
+        case "arbitrum": return "0550c209db33c3abf4cc927e1e18cea1"
+        case "bnb": return "98b5a77e531614387366f6fc5da097f8";
+        case "matic": return "cd9d4d70377471aa7c142ec4a4205249";
+    }
+
+    assertArgument(false, "unsupported network", "network", name);
+}
+
+function getHost(name: string): string {
+    switch(name) {
+        case "mainnet":
+            return "ethereum-mainnet.core.chainstack.com";
+        case "arbitrum":
+            return "arbitrum-mainnet.core.chainstack.com";
+        case "bnb":
+            return "bsc-mainnet.core.chainstack.com";
+        case "matic":
+            return "polygon-mainnet.core.chainstack.com";
+    }
+
+    assertArgument(false, "unsupported network", "network", name);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  The **ChainstackProvider** connects to the [[link-chainstack]]
+ *  JSON-RPC end-points.
+ *
+ *  By default, a highly-throttled API key is used, which is
+ *  appropriate for quick prototypes and simple scripts. To
+ *  gain access to an increased rate-limit, it is highly
+ *  recommended to [sign up here](link-chainstack).
+ */
+export class ChainstackProvider extends JsonRpcProvider implements CommunityResourcable {
+    /**
+     *  The API key for the Chainstack connection.
+     */
+    readonly apiKey!: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **ChainstackProvider**.
+     */
+    constructor(_network?: Networkish, apiKey?: null | string) {
+        if (_network == null) { _network = "mainnet"; }
+        const network = Network.from(_network);
+
+        if (apiKey == null) { apiKey = getApiKey(network.name); }
+
+        const request = ChainstackProvider.getRequest(network, apiKey);
+        super(request, network, { staticNetwork: network });
+
+        defineProperties<ChainstackProvider>(this, { apiKey });
+    }
+
+    _getProvider(chainId: number): AbstractProvider {
+        try {
+            return new ChainstackProvider(chainId, this.apiKey);
+        } catch (error) { }
+        return super._getProvider(chainId);
+    }
+
+    isCommunityResource(): boolean {
+        return (this.apiKey === getApiKey(this._network.name));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a prepared request for connecting to %%network%%
+     *  with %%apiKey%% and %%projectSecret%%.
+     */
+    static getRequest(network: Network, apiKey?: null | string): FetchRequest {
+        if (apiKey == null) { apiKey = getApiKey(network.name); }
+
+        const request = new FetchRequest(`https:/\/${ getHost(network.name) }/${ apiKey }`);
+        request.allowGzip = true;
+
+        if (apiKey === getApiKey(network.name)) {
+            request.retryFunc = async (request, response, attempt) => {
+                showThrottleMessage("ChainstackProvider");
+                return true;
+            };
+        }
+
+        return request;
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/provider-cloudflare.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ *  About Cloudflare
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/providers/thirdparty:Cloudflare  [providers-cloudflare]
+ */
+
+import { assertArgument } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { Network } from "./network.js";
+import { JsonRpcProvider } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+
+import type { Networkish } from "./network.js";
+
+/**
+ *  About Cloudflare...
+ */
+export class CloudflareProvider extends JsonRpcProvider {
+    constructor(_network?: Networkish) {
+        if (_network == null) { _network = "mainnet"; }
+        const network = Network.from(_network);
+        assertArgument(network.name === "mainnet", "unsupported network", "network", _network);
+        super("https:/\/cloudflare-eth.com/", network, { staticNetwork: network });
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/provider-etherscan.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,687 @@
+/**
+ *  [[link-etherscan]] provides a third-party service for connecting to
+ *  various blockchains over a combination of JSON-RPC and custom API
+ *  endpoints.
+ *
+ *  **Supported Networks**
+ *
+ *  - Ethereum Mainnet (``mainnet``)
+ *  - Goerli Testnet (``goerli``)
+ *  - Sepolia Testnet (``sepolia``)
+ *  - Holesky Testnet (``holesky``)
+ *  - Arbitrum (``arbitrum``)
+ *  - Arbitrum Goerli Testnet (``arbitrum-goerli``)
+ *  - Base (``base``)
+ *  - Base Sepolia Testnet (``base-sepolia``)
+ *  - BNB Smart Chain Mainnet (``bnb``)
+ *  - BNB Smart Chain Testnet (``bnbt``)
+ *  - Optimism (``optimism``)
+ *  - Optimism Goerli Testnet (``optimism-goerli``)
+ *  - Polygon (``matic``)
+ *  - Polygon Mumbai Testnet (``matic-mumbai``)
+ *  - Polygon Amoy Testnet (``matic-amoy``)
+ *
+ *  @_subsection api/providers/thirdparty:Etherscan  [providers-etherscan]
+ */
+
+import { AbiCoder } from "../abi/index.js";
+import { Contract } from "../contract/index.js";
+import { accessListify, Transaction } from "../transaction/index.js";
+import {
+    defineProperties,
+    hexlify, toQuantity,
+    FetchRequest,
+    assert, assertArgument, isError,
+//    parseUnits,
+    toUtf8String
+ } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { AbstractProvider } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import { Network } from "./network.js";
+import { NetworkPlugin } from "./plugins-network.js";
+import { showThrottleMessage } from "./community.js";
+
+import { PerformActionRequest } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import type { Networkish } from "./network.js";
+//import type { } from "./pagination";
+import type { TransactionRequest } from "./provider.js";
+
+// See: https://docs.etherscan.io/supported-chains
+const Supported = (
+    "1 11155111 17000 560048 2741 11124 33111 33139 42170 " +
+    "42161 421614 43114 43113 8453 84532 80069 80094 199 1029 81457 " +
+    "168587773 56 97 42220 11142220 252 2523 100 999 737373 747474 " +
+    "59144 59141 5000 5003 43521 143 10143 1287 1284 1285 10 " +
+    "11155420 204 5611 80002 137 534352 534351 1329 1328 146 14601 " +
+    "988 2201 1923 1924 167013 167000 130 1301 480 4801 51 50 324 300"
+).split(/ /g);
+
+const THROTTLE = 2000;
+
+function isPromise<T = any>(value: any): value is Promise<T> {
+    return (value && typeof(value.then) === "function");
+}
+
+
+/**
+ *  When subscribing to the ``"debug"`` event on an Etherscan-based
+ *  provider, the events receive a **DebugEventEtherscanProvider**
+ *  payload.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/providers/thirdparty:Etherscan
+ */
+export type DebugEventEtherscanProvider = {
+    action: "sendRequest",
+    id: number,
+    url: string,
+    payload: Record<string, any>
+} | {
+    action: "receiveRequest",
+    id: number,
+    result: any
+} | {
+    action: "receiveError",
+    id: number,
+    error: any
+};
+
+const EtherscanPluginId = "org.ethers.plugins.provider.Etherscan";
+
+/**
+ *  A Network can include an **EtherscanPlugin** to provide
+ *  a custom base URL.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/providers/thirdparty:Etherscan
+ */
+export class EtherscanPlugin extends NetworkPlugin {
+    /**
+     *  The Etherscan API base URL.
+     */
+    readonly baseUrl!: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **EtherscanProvider** which will use
+     *  %%baseUrl%%.
+     */
+    constructor(baseUrl: string) {
+        super(EtherscanPluginId);
+        defineProperties<EtherscanPlugin>(this, { baseUrl });
+    }
+
+    clone(): EtherscanPlugin {
+        return new EtherscanPlugin(this.baseUrl);
+    }
+}
+
+const skipKeys = [ "enableCcipRead" ];
+
+let nextId = 1;
+
+/**
+ *  The **EtherscanBaseProvider** is the super-class of
+ *  [[EtherscanProvider]], which should generally be used instead.
+ *
+ *  Since the **EtherscanProvider** includes additional code for
+ *  [[Contract]] access, in //rare cases// that contracts are not
+ *  used, this class can reduce code size.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/providers/thirdparty:Etherscan
+ */
+export class EtherscanProvider extends AbstractProvider {
+
+    /**
+     *  The connected network.
+     */
+    readonly network!: Network;
+
+    /**
+     *  The API key or null if using the community provided bandwidth.
+     */
+    readonly apiKey!: null | string;
+
+    readonly #plugin: null | EtherscanPlugin;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **EtherscanBaseProvider**.
+     */
+    constructor(_network?: Networkish, _apiKey?: string) {
+
+        const apiKey = (_apiKey != null) ? _apiKey: null;
+
+        super();
+
+        const network = Network.from(_network);
+
+        assertArgument(Supported.indexOf(`${ network.chainId }`) >= 0,
+          "unsupported network", "network", network);
+
+        this.#plugin = network.getPlugin<EtherscanPlugin>(EtherscanPluginId);
+
+        defineProperties<EtherscanProvider>(this, { apiKey, network });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the base URL.
+     *
+     *  If an [[EtherscanPlugin]] is configured on the
+     *  [[EtherscanBaseProvider_network]], returns the plugin's
+     *  baseUrl.
+     *
+     *  Deprecated; for Etherscan v2 the base is no longer a simply
+     *  host, but instead a URL including a chainId parameter. Changing
+     *  this to return a URL prefix could break some libraries, so it
+     *  is left intact but will be removed in the future as it is unused.
+     */
+    getBaseUrl(): string {
+        if (this.#plugin) { return this.#plugin.baseUrl; }
+
+        switch(this.network.name) {
+            case "mainnet":
+                return "https:/\/api.etherscan.io";
+            case "goerli":
+                return "https:/\/api-goerli.etherscan.io";
+            case "sepolia":
+                return "https:/\/api-sepolia.etherscan.io";
+            case "holesky":
+                return "https:/\/api-holesky.etherscan.io";
+
+            case "arbitrum":
+                return "https:/\/api.arbiscan.io";
+            case "arbitrum-goerli":
+                return "https:/\/api-goerli.arbiscan.io";
+           case "base":
+                return "https:/\/api.basescan.org";
+            case "base-sepolia":
+                return "https:/\/api-sepolia.basescan.org";
+            case "bnb":
+                return "https:/\/api.bscscan.com";
+            case "bnbt":
+                return "https:/\/api-testnet.bscscan.com";
+            case "matic":
+                return "https:/\/api.polygonscan.com";
+            case "matic-amoy":
+                return "https:/\/api-amoy.polygonscan.com";
+            case "matic-mumbai":
+                return "https:/\/api-testnet.polygonscan.com";
+            case "optimism":
+                return "https:/\/api-optimistic.etherscan.io";
+            case "optimism-goerli":
+                return "https:/\/api-goerli-optimistic.etherscan.io";
+
+            default:
+        }
+
+        assertArgument(false, "unsupported network", "network", this.network);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the URL for the %%module%% and %%params%%.
+     */
+    getUrl(module: string, params: Record<string, string>): string {
+        let query = Object.keys(params).reduce((accum, key) => {
+            const value = params[key];
+            if (value != null) {
+                accum += `&${ key }=${ value }`
+            }
+            return accum
+        }, "");
+        if (this.apiKey) { query += `&apikey=${ this.apiKey }`; }
+        return `https:/\/api.etherscan.io/v2/api?chainid=${ this.network.chainId }&module=${ module }${ query }`;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the URL for using POST requests.
+     */
+    getPostUrl(): string {
+        return `https:/\/api.etherscan.io/v2/api?chainid=${ this.network.chainId }`;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns the parameters for using POST requests.
+     */
+    getPostData(module: string, params: Record<string, any>): Record<string, any> {
+        params.module = module;
+        params.apikey = this.apiKey;
+        params.chainid = this.network.chainId;
+        return params;
+    }
+
+    async detectNetwork(): Promise<Network> {
+        return this.network;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to the result of calling %%module%% with %%params%%.
+     *
+     *  If %%post%%, the request is made as a POST request.
+     */
+    async fetch(module: string, params: Record<string, any>, post?: boolean): Promise<any> {
+        const id = nextId++;
+
+        const url = (post ? this.getPostUrl(): this.getUrl(module, params));
+        const payload = (post ? this.getPostData(module, params): null);
+
+        this.emit("debug", { action: "sendRequest", id, url, payload: payload });
+
+        const request = new FetchRequest(url);
+        request.setThrottleParams({ slotInterval: 1000 });
+        request.retryFunc = (req, resp, attempt: number) => {
+            if (this.isCommunityResource()) {
+                showThrottleMessage("Etherscan");
+            }
+            return Promise.resolve(true);
+        };
+        request.processFunc = async (request, response) => {
+            const result = response.hasBody() ? JSON.parse(toUtf8String(response.body)): { };
+            const throttle = ((typeof(result.result) === "string") ? result.result: "").toLowerCase().indexOf("rate limit") >= 0;
+            if (module === "proxy") {
+                // This JSON response indicates we are being throttled
+                if (result && result.status == 0 && result.message == "NOTOK" && throttle) {
+                    this.emit("debug", { action: "receiveError", id, reason: "proxy-NOTOK", error: result });
+                    response.throwThrottleError(result.result, THROTTLE);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (throttle) {
+                    this.emit("debug", { action: "receiveError", id, reason: "null result", error: result.result });
+                    response.throwThrottleError(result.result, THROTTLE);
+                }
+            }
+            return response;
+        };
+
+        if (payload) {
+            request.setHeader("content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");
+            request.body = Object.keys(payload).map((k) => `${ k }=${ payload[k] }`).join("&");
+        }
+
+        const response = await request.send();
+        try {
+            response.assertOk();
+        } catch (error) {
+            this.emit("debug", { action: "receiveError", id, error, reason: "assertOk" });
+            assert(false, "response error", "SERVER_ERROR", { request, response });
+        }
+
+        if (!response.hasBody()) {
+            this.emit("debug", { action: "receiveError", id, error: "missing body", reason: "null body" });
+            assert(false, "missing response", "SERVER_ERROR", { request, response });
+        }
+
+        const result = JSON.parse(toUtf8String(response.body));
+        if (module === "proxy") {
+            if (result.jsonrpc != "2.0") {
+                this.emit("debug", { action: "receiveError", id, result, reason: "invalid JSON-RPC" });
+                assert(false, "invalid JSON-RPC response (missing jsonrpc='2.0')", "SERVER_ERROR", { request, response, info: { result } });
+            }
+
+            if (result.error) {
+                this.emit("debug", { action: "receiveError", id, result, reason: "JSON-RPC error" });
+                assert(false, "error response", "SERVER_ERROR", { request, response, info: { result } });
+            }
+
+            this.emit("debug", { action: "receiveRequest", id, result });
+
+            return result.result;
+
+        } else {
+            // getLogs, getHistory have weird success responses
+            if (result.status == 0 && (result.message === "No records found" || result.message === "No transactions found")) {
+                this.emit("debug", { action: "receiveRequest", id, result });
+                return result.result;
+            }
+
+            if (result.status != 1 || (typeof(result.message) === "string" && !result.message.match(/^OK/))) {
+                this.emit("debug", { action: "receiveError", id, result });
+                assert(false, "error response", "SERVER_ERROR", { request, response, info: { result } });
+            }
+
+            this.emit("debug", { action: "receiveRequest", id, result });
+
+            return result.result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns %%transaction%% normalized for the Etherscan API.
+     */
+    _getTransactionPostData(transaction: TransactionRequest): Record<string, string> {
+        const result: Record<string, string> = { };
+        for (let key in transaction) {
+            if (skipKeys.indexOf(key) >= 0) { continue; }
+
+            if ((<any>transaction)[key] == null) { continue; }
+            let value = (<any>transaction)[key];
+            if (key === "type" && value === 0) { continue; }
+            if (key === "blockTag" && value === "latest") { continue; }
+
+            // Quantity-types require no leading zero, unless 0
+            if ((<any>{ type: true, gasLimit: true, gasPrice: true, maxFeePerGs: true, maxPriorityFeePerGas: true, nonce: true, value: true })[key]) {
+                value = toQuantity(value);
+
+            } else if (key === "accessList") {
+                value = "[" + accessListify(value).map((set) => {
+                    return `{address:"${ set.address }",storageKeys:["${ set.storageKeys.join('","') }"]}`;
+                }).join(",") + "]";
+
+            } else if (key === "blobVersionedHashes") {
+                if (value.length === 0) { continue; }
+
+                // @TODO: update this once the API supports blobs
+                assert(false, "Etherscan API does not support blobVersionedHashes", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+                    operation: "_getTransactionPostData",
+                    info: { transaction }
+                });
+
+            } else {
+                value = hexlify(value);
+            }
+            result[key] = value;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Throws the normalized Etherscan error.
+     */
+    _checkError(req: PerformActionRequest, error: Error, transaction: any): never {
+        // Pull any message out if, possible
+        let message = "";
+        if (isError(error, "SERVER_ERROR")) {
+            // Check for an error emitted by a proxy call
+            try {
+                message = (<any>error).info.result.error.message;
+            } catch (e) { }
+
+            if (!message) {
+                try {
+                    message = (<any>error).info.message;
+                } catch (e) { }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (req.method === "estimateGas") {
+            if (!message.match(/revert/i) && message.match(/insufficient funds/i)) {
+                assert(false, "insufficient funds", "INSUFFICIENT_FUNDS", {
+                    transaction: req.transaction
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (req.method === "call" || req.method === "estimateGas") {
+            if (message.match(/execution reverted/i)) {
+                let data = "";
+                try {
+                    data = (<any>error).info.result.error.data;
+                } catch (error) { }
+
+                const e = AbiCoder.getBuiltinCallException(req.method, <any>req.transaction, data);
+                e.info = { request: req, error }
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (message) {
+            if (req.method === "broadcastTransaction") {
+                const transaction = Transaction.from(req.signedTransaction);
+                if (message.match(/replacement/i) && message.match(/underpriced/i)) {
+                    assert(false, "replacement fee too low", "REPLACEMENT_UNDERPRICED", {
+                        transaction
+                    });
+                }
+
+                if (message.match(/insufficient funds/)) {
+                    assert(false, "insufficient funds for intrinsic transaction cost", "INSUFFICIENT_FUNDS", {
+                       transaction
+                    });
+                }
+
+                if (message.match(/same hash was already imported|transaction nonce is too low|nonce too low/)) {
+                    assert(false, "nonce has already been used", "NONCE_EXPIRED", {
+                       transaction
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Something we could not process
+        throw error;
+    }
+
+    async _detectNetwork(): Promise<Network> {
+        return this.network;
+    }
+
+    async _perform(req: PerformActionRequest): Promise<any> {
+        switch (req.method) {
+            case "chainId":
+                return this.network.chainId;
+
+            case "getBlockNumber":
+                return this.fetch("proxy", { action: "eth_blockNumber" });
+
+            case "getGasPrice":
+                return this.fetch("proxy", { action: "eth_gasPrice" });
+
+            case "getPriorityFee":
+                // This is temporary until Etherscan completes support
+                if (this.network.name === "mainnet") {
+                    return "1000000000";
+                } else if (this.network.name === "optimism") {
+                    return "1000000";
+                } else {
+                    throw new Error("fallback onto the AbstractProvider default");
+                }
+                /* Working with Etherscan to get this added:
+                try {
+                    const test = await this.fetch("proxy", {
+                        action: "eth_maxPriorityFeePerGas"
+                    });
+                    console.log(test);
+                    return test;
+                } catch (e) {
+                    console.log("DEBUG", e);
+                    throw e;
+                }
+                */
+                /* This might be safe; but due to rounding neither myself
+                   or Etherscan are necessarily comfortable with this. :)
+                try {
+                    const result = await this.fetch("gastracker", { action: "gasoracle" });
+                    console.log(result);
+                    const gasPrice = parseUnits(result.SafeGasPrice, "gwei");
+                    const baseFee = parseUnits(result.suggestBaseFee, "gwei");
+                    const priorityFee = gasPrice - baseFee;
+                    if (priorityFee < 0) { throw new Error("negative priority fee; defer to abstract provider default"); }
+                    return priorityFee;
+                } catch (error) {
+                    console.log("DEBUG", error);
+                    throw error;
+                }
+                */
+
+            case "getBalance":
+                // Returns base-10 result
+                return this.fetch("account", {
+                    action: "balance",
+                    address: req.address,
+                    tag: req.blockTag
+                });
+
+           case "getTransactionCount":
+                return this.fetch("proxy", {
+                    action: "eth_getTransactionCount",
+                    address: req.address,
+                    tag: req.blockTag
+                });
+
+            case "getCode":
+                return this.fetch("proxy", {
+                    action: "eth_getCode",
+                    address: req.address,
+                    tag: req.blockTag
+                });
+
+            case "getStorage":
+                return this.fetch("proxy", {
+                    action: "eth_getStorageAt",
+                    address: req.address,
+                    position: req.position,
+                    tag: req.blockTag
+                });
+
+            case "broadcastTransaction":
+                return this.fetch("proxy", {
+                    action: "eth_sendRawTransaction",
+                    hex: req.signedTransaction
+                }, true).catch((error) => {
+                    return this._checkError(req, <Error>error, req.signedTransaction);
+                });
+
+            case "getBlock":
+                if ("blockTag" in req) {
+                    return this.fetch("proxy", {
+                        action: "eth_getBlockByNumber",
+                        tag: req.blockTag,
+                        boolean: (req.includeTransactions ? "true": "false")
+                    });
+                }
+
+                assert(false, "getBlock by blockHash not supported by Etherscan", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+                    operation: "getBlock(blockHash)"
+                });
+
+            case "getTransaction":
+                return this.fetch("proxy", {
+                    action: "eth_getTransactionByHash",
+                    txhash: req.hash
+                });
+
+            case "getTransactionReceipt":
+                return this.fetch("proxy", {
+                    action: "eth_getTransactionReceipt",
+                    txhash: req.hash
+                });
+
+            case "call": {
+                if (req.blockTag !== "latest") {
+                    throw new Error("EtherscanProvider does not support blockTag for call");
+                }
+
+                const postData = this._getTransactionPostData(req.transaction);
+                postData.module = "proxy";
+                postData.action = "eth_call";
+
+                try {
+                    return await this.fetch("proxy", postData, true);
+                } catch (error) {
+                    return this._checkError(req, <Error>error, req.transaction);
+                }
+            }
+
+            case "estimateGas": {
+                const postData = this._getTransactionPostData(req.transaction);
+                postData.module = "proxy";
+                postData.action = "eth_estimateGas";
+
+                try {
+                    return await this.fetch("proxy", postData, true);
+                } catch (error) {
+                    return this._checkError(req, <Error>error, req.transaction);
+                }
+            }
+/*
+            case "getLogs": {
+                // Needs to complain if more than one address is passed in
+                const args: Record<string, any> = { action: "getLogs" }
+
+                if (params.filter.fromBlock) {
+                    args.fromBlock = checkLogTag(params.filter.fromBlock);
+                }
+
+                if (params.filter.toBlock) {
+                    args.toBlock = checkLogTag(params.filter.toBlock);
+                }
+
+                if (params.filter.address) {
+                    args.address = params.filter.address;
+                }
+
+                // @TODO: We can handle slightly more complicated logs using the logs API
+                if (params.filter.topics && params.filter.topics.length > 0) {
+                    if (params.filter.topics.length > 1) {
+                        logger.throwError("unsupported topic count", Logger.Errors.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { topics: params.filter.topics });
+                    }
+                    if (params.filter.topics.length === 1) {
+                        const topic0 = params.filter.topics[0];
+                        if (typeof(topic0) !== "string" || topic0.length !== 66) {
+                            logger.throwError("unsupported topic format", Logger.Errors.UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, { topic0: topic0 });
+                        }
+                        args.topic0 = topic0;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                const logs: Array<any> = await this.fetch("logs", args);
+
+                // Cache txHash => blockHash
+                let blocks: { [tag: string]: string } = {};
+
+                // Add any missing blockHash to the logs
+                for (let i = 0; i < logs.length; i++) {
+                    const log = logs[i];
+                    if (log.blockHash != null) { continue; }
+                    if (blocks[log.blockNumber] == null) {
+                        const block = await this.getBlock(log.blockNumber);
+                        if (block) {
+                            blocks[log.blockNumber] = block.hash;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    log.blockHash = blocks[log.blockNumber];
+                }
+
+                return logs;
+            }
+*/
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return super._perform(req);
+    }
+
+    async getNetwork(): Promise<Network> {
+        return this.network;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to the current price of ether.
+     *
+     *  This returns ``0`` on any network other than ``mainnet``.
+     */
+    async getEtherPrice(): Promise<number> {
+        if (this.network.name !== "mainnet") { return 0.0; }
+        return parseFloat((await this.fetch("stats", { action: "ethprice" })).ethusd);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves to a [Contract]] for %%address%%, using the
+     *  Etherscan API to retreive the Contract ABI.
+     */
+    async getContract(_address: string): Promise<null | Contract> {
+        let address = this._getAddress(_address);
+        if (isPromise(address)) { address = await address; }
+
+        try {
+            const resp = await this.fetch("contract", {
+            action: "getabi", address });
+            const abi = JSON.parse(resp);
+            return new Contract(address, abi, this);
+        } catch (error) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    isCommunityResource(): boolean {
+        return (this.apiKey == null);
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/provider-fallback.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,801 @@
+/**
+ *  A **FallbackProvider** provides resilience, security and performance
+ *  in a way that is customizable and configurable.
+ *
+ *  @_section: api/providers/fallback-provider:Fallback Provider [about-fallback-provider]
+ */
+import {
+    assert, assertArgument, getBigInt, getNumber, isError
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { AbstractProvider } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import { Network } from "./network.js"
+
+import type { PerformActionRequest } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import type { Networkish } from "./network.js"
+
+const BN_1 = BigInt("1");
+const BN_2 = BigInt("2");
+
+function shuffle<T = any>(array: Array<T>): void {
+    for (let i = array.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+        const j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));
+        const tmp = array[i];
+        array[i] = array[j];
+        array[j] = tmp;
+    }
+}
+
+function stall(duration: number): Promise<void> {
+    return new Promise((resolve) => { setTimeout(resolve, duration); });
+}
+
+function getTime(): number { return (new Date()).getTime(); }
+
+function stringify(value: any): string {
+    return JSON.stringify(value, (key, value) => {
+        if (typeof(value) === "bigint") {
+            return { type: "bigint", value: value.toString() };
+        }
+        return value;
+    });
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A configuration entry for how to use a [[Provider]].
+ */
+export interface FallbackProviderConfig {
+
+    /**
+     *  The provider.
+     */
+    provider: AbstractProvider;
+
+    /**
+     *  The amount of time to wait before kicking off the next provider.
+     *
+     *  Any providers that have not responded can still respond and be
+     *  counted, but this ensures new providers start.
+     */
+    stallTimeout?: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The priority. Lower priority providers are dispatched first.
+     */
+    priority?: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The amount of weight a provider is given against the quorum.
+     */
+    weight?: number;
+};
+
+const defaultConfig = { stallTimeout: 400, priority: 1, weight: 1 };
+
+// We track a bunch of extra stuff that might help debug problems or
+// optimize infrastructure later on.
+/**
+ *  The statistics and state maintained for a [[Provider]].
+ */
+export interface FallbackProviderState extends Required<FallbackProviderConfig> {
+
+    /**
+     *  The most recent blockNumber this provider has reported (-2 if none).
+     */
+    blockNumber: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The number of total requests ever sent to this provider.
+     */
+    requests: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The number of responses that errored.
+     */
+    errorResponses: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The number of responses that occured after the result resolved.
+     */
+    lateResponses: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  How many times syncing was required to catch up the expected block.
+     */
+    outOfSync: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The number of requests which reported unsupported operation.
+     */
+    unsupportedEvents: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  A rolling average (5% current duration) for response time.
+     */
+    rollingDuration: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  The ratio of quorum-agreed results to total.
+     */
+    score: number;
+}
+
+interface Config extends FallbackProviderState {
+    _updateNumber: null | Promise<any>;
+    _network: null | Network;
+    _totalTime: number;
+    _lastFatalError: null | Error;
+    _lastFatalErrorTimestamp: number;
+}
+
+const defaultState = {
+    blockNumber: -2, requests: 0, lateResponses: 0, errorResponses: 0,
+    outOfSync: -1, unsupportedEvents: 0, rollingDuration: 0, score: 0,
+    _network: null, _updateNumber: null, _totalTime: 0,
+    _lastFatalError: null, _lastFatalErrorTimestamp: 0
+};
+
+
+async function waitForSync(config: Config, blockNumber: number): Promise<void> {
+    while (config.blockNumber < 0 || config.blockNumber < blockNumber) {
+        if (!config._updateNumber) {
+            config._updateNumber = (async () => {
+                try {
+                    const blockNumber = await config.provider.getBlockNumber();
+                    if (blockNumber > config.blockNumber) {
+                        config.blockNumber = blockNumber;
+                    }
+                } catch (error: any) {
+                    config.blockNumber = -2;
+                    config._lastFatalError = error;
+                    config._lastFatalErrorTimestamp = getTime();
+                }
+                config._updateNumber = null;
+            })();
+        }
+        await config._updateNumber;
+        config.outOfSync++;
+        if (config._lastFatalError) { break; }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Additional options to configure a [[FallbackProvider]].
+ */
+export type FallbackProviderOptions = {
+    // How many providers must agree on a value before reporting
+    // back the response
+    quorum?: number;
+
+    // How many providers must have reported the same event
+    // for it to be emitted (currently unimplmented)
+    eventQuorum?: number;
+
+    // How many providers to dispatch each event to simultaneously.
+    // Set this to 0 to use getLog polling, which implies eventQuorum
+    // is equal to quorum. (currently unimplemented)
+    eventWorkers?: number;
+
+    cacheTimeout?: number;
+
+    pollingInterval?: number;
+};
+
+type RunnerResult = { result: any } | { error: Error };
+
+type RunnerState = {
+    config: Config;
+    staller: null | Promise<void>;
+    didBump: boolean;
+    perform: null | Promise<any>;
+    result: null | RunnerResult;
+}
+
+function _normalize(value: any): string {
+    if (value == null) { return "null"; }
+
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+        return "[" + (value.map(_normalize)).join(",") + "]";
+    }
+
+    if (typeof(value) === "object" && typeof(value.toJSON) === "function") {
+        return _normalize(value.toJSON());
+    }
+
+    switch (typeof(value)) {
+        case "boolean": case "symbol":
+            return value.toString();
+        case "bigint": case "number":
+            return BigInt(value).toString();
+        case "string":
+            return JSON.stringify(value);
+        case "object": {
+            const keys = Object.keys(value);
+            keys.sort();
+            return "{" + keys.map((k) => `${ JSON.stringify(k) }:${ _normalize(value[k]) }`).join(",") + "}";
+        }
+    }
+
+    console.log("Could not serialize", value);
+    throw new Error("Hmm...");
+}
+
+function normalizeResult(method: string, value: RunnerResult): { tag: string, value: any } {
+
+    if ("error" in value) {
+        const error = value.error;
+
+        let tag: string;
+        if (isError(error, "CALL_EXCEPTION")) {
+            tag = _normalize(Object.assign({ }, error, {
+                shortMessage: undefined, reason: undefined, info: undefined
+            }));
+        } else {
+            tag = _normalize(error)
+        }
+
+        return { tag, value: error };
+    }
+
+    const result = value.result;
+    return { tag: _normalize(result), value: result };
+}
+
+type TallyResult = {
+    tag: string;
+    value: any;
+    weight: number;
+};
+
+// This strategy picks the highest weight result, as long as the weight is
+// equal to or greater than quorum
+function checkQuorum(quorum: number, results: Array<TallyResult>): any | Error {
+    const tally: Map<string, { value: any, weight: number }> = new Map();
+    for (const { value, tag, weight } of results) {
+        const t = tally.get(tag) || { value, weight: 0 };
+        t.weight += weight;
+        tally.set(tag, t);
+    }
+
+    let best: null | { value: any, weight: number } = null;
+    for (const r of tally.values()) {
+        if (r.weight >= quorum && (!best || r.weight > best.weight)) {
+            best = r;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (best) { return best.value; }
+
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+function getMedian(quorum: number, results: Array<TallyResult>): undefined | bigint | Error {
+    let resultWeight = 0;
+
+    const errorMap: Map<string, { weight: number, value: Error }> = new Map();
+    let bestError: null | { weight: number, value: Error } = null;
+
+    const values: Array<bigint> = [ ];
+    for (const { value, tag, weight } of results) {
+        if (value instanceof Error) {
+            const e = errorMap.get(tag) || { value, weight: 0 };
+            e.weight += weight;
+            errorMap.set(tag, e);
+
+            if (bestError == null || e.weight > bestError.weight) { bestError = e; }
+        } else {
+            values.push(BigInt(value));
+            resultWeight += weight;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (resultWeight < quorum) {
+        // We have quorum for an error
+        if (bestError && bestError.weight >= quorum) { return bestError.value; }
+
+        // We do not have quorum for a result
+        return undefined;
+    }
+
+    // Get the sorted values
+    values.sort((a, b) => ((a < b) ? -1: (b > a) ? 1: 0));
+
+    const mid = Math.floor(values.length / 2);
+
+    // Odd-length; take the middle value
+    if (values.length % 2) { return values[mid]; }
+
+    // Even length; take the ceiling of the mean of the center two values
+    return (values[mid - 1] + values[mid] + BN_1) / BN_2;
+}
+
+function getAnyResult(quorum: number, results: Array<TallyResult>): undefined | any | Error {
+    // If any value or error meets quorum, that is our preferred result
+    const result = checkQuorum(quorum, results);
+    if (result !== undefined) { return result; }
+
+    // Otherwise, do we have any result?
+    for (const r of results) {
+        if (r.value) { return r.value; }
+    }
+
+    // Nope!
+    return undefined;
+}
+
+function getFuzzyMode(quorum: number, results: Array<TallyResult>): undefined | number {
+    if (quorum === 1) { return getNumber(<bigint>getMedian(quorum, results), "%internal"); }
+
+    const tally: Map<number, { result: number, weight: number }> = new Map();
+    const add = (result: number, weight: number) => {
+        const t = tally.get(result) || { result, weight: 0 };
+        t.weight += weight;
+        tally.set(result, t);
+    };
+
+    for (const { weight, value } of results) {
+        const r = getNumber(value);
+        add(r - 1, weight);
+        add(r, weight);
+        add(r + 1, weight);
+    }
+
+    let bestWeight = 0;
+    let bestResult: undefined | number = undefined;
+
+    for (const { weight, result } of tally.values()) {
+        // Use this result, if this result meets quorum and has either:
+        // - a better weight
+        // - or equal weight, but the result is larger
+        if (weight >= quorum && (weight > bestWeight || (bestResult != null && weight === bestWeight && result > bestResult))) {
+            bestWeight = weight;
+            bestResult = result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return bestResult;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **FallbackProvider** manages several [[Providers]] providing
+ *  resilience by switching between slow or misbehaving nodes, security
+ *  by requiring multiple backends to aggree and performance by allowing
+ *  faster backends to respond earlier.
+ *
+ */
+export class FallbackProvider extends AbstractProvider {
+
+    /**
+     *  The number of backends that must agree on a value before it is
+     *  accpeted.
+     */
+    readonly quorum: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  @_ignore:
+     */
+    readonly eventQuorum: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  @_ignore:
+     */
+    readonly eventWorkers: number;
+
+    readonly #configs: Array<Config>;
+
+    #height: number;
+    #initialSyncPromise: null | Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **FallbackProvider** with %%providers%% connected to
+     *  %%network%%.
+     *
+     *  If a [[Provider]] is included in %%providers%%, defaults are used
+     *  for the configuration.
+     */
+    constructor(providers: Array<AbstractProvider | FallbackProviderConfig>, network?: Networkish, options?: FallbackProviderOptions) {
+        super(network, options);
+
+        this.#configs = providers.map((p) => {
+            if (p instanceof AbstractProvider) {
+                return Object.assign({ provider: p }, defaultConfig, defaultState );
+            } else {
+                return Object.assign({ }, defaultConfig, p, defaultState );
+            }
+        });
+
+        this.#height = -2;
+        this.#initialSyncPromise = null;
+
+        if (options && options.quorum != null) {
+            this.quorum = options.quorum;
+        } else {
+            this.quorum = Math.ceil(this.#configs.reduce((accum, config) => {
+                accum += config.weight;
+                return accum;
+            }, 0) / 2);
+        }
+
+        this.eventQuorum = 1;
+        this.eventWorkers = 1;
+
+        assertArgument(this.quorum <= this.#configs.reduce((a, c) => (a + c.weight), 0),
+            "quorum exceed provider weight", "quorum", this.quorum);
+    }
+
+    get providerConfigs(): Array<FallbackProviderState> {
+        return this.#configs.map((c) => {
+            const result: any = Object.assign({ }, c);
+            for (const key in result) {
+                if (key[0] === "_") { delete result[key]; }
+            }
+            return result;
+        });
+    }
+
+    async _detectNetwork(): Promise<Network> {
+        return Network.from(getBigInt(await this._perform({ method: "chainId" })));
+    }
+
+    // @TODO: Add support to select providers to be the event subscriber
+    //_getSubscriber(sub: Subscription): Subscriber {
+    //    throw new Error("@TODO");
+    //}
+
+    /**
+     *  Transforms a %%req%% into the correct method call on %%provider%%.
+     */
+    async _translatePerform(provider: AbstractProvider, req: PerformActionRequest): Promise<any> {
+        switch (req.method) {
+            case "broadcastTransaction":
+                return await provider.broadcastTransaction(req.signedTransaction);
+            case "call":
+                return await provider.call(Object.assign({ }, req.transaction, { blockTag: req.blockTag }));
+            case "chainId":
+                return (await provider.getNetwork()).chainId;
+            case "estimateGas":
+                return await provider.estimateGas(req.transaction);
+            case "getBalance":
+                return await provider.getBalance(req.address, req.blockTag);
+            case "getBlock": {
+                const block = ("blockHash" in req) ? req.blockHash: req.blockTag;
+                return await provider.getBlock(block, req.includeTransactions);
+            }
+            case "getBlockNumber":
+                return await provider.getBlockNumber();
+            case "getCode":
+                return await provider.getCode(req.address, req.blockTag);
+            case "getGasPrice":
+                return (await provider.getFeeData()).gasPrice;
+            case "getPriorityFee":
+                return (await provider.getFeeData()).maxPriorityFeePerGas;
+            case "getLogs":
+                return await provider.getLogs(req.filter);
+            case "getStorage":
+                return await provider.getStorage(req.address, req.position, req.blockTag);
+            case "getTransaction":
+                return await provider.getTransaction(req.hash);
+            case "getTransactionCount":
+                return await provider.getTransactionCount(req.address, req.blockTag);
+            case "getTransactionReceipt":
+                return await provider.getTransactionReceipt(req.hash);
+            case "getTransactionResult":
+                return await provider.getTransactionResult(req.hash);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Grab the next (random) config that is not already part of
+    // the running set
+    #getNextConfig(running: Set<RunnerState>): null | Config {
+        // @TODO: Maybe do a check here to favour (heavily) providers that
+        //        do not require waitForSync and disfavour providers that
+        //        seem down-ish or are behaving slowly
+
+        const configs = Array.from(running).map((r) => r.config)
+
+        // Shuffle the states, sorted by priority
+        const allConfigs = this.#configs.slice();
+        shuffle(allConfigs);
+        allConfigs.sort((a, b) => (a.priority - b.priority));
+
+        for (const config of allConfigs) {
+            if (config._lastFatalError) { continue; }
+            if (configs.indexOf(config) === -1) { return config; }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // Adds a new runner (if available) to running.
+    #addRunner(running: Set<RunnerState>, req: PerformActionRequest): null | RunnerState {
+        const config = this.#getNextConfig(running);
+
+        // No runners available
+        if (config == null) { return null; }
+
+        // Create a new runner
+        const runner: RunnerState = {
+            config, result: null, didBump: false,
+            perform: null, staller: null
+        };
+
+        const now = getTime();
+
+        // Start performing this operation
+        runner.perform = (async () => {
+            try {
+                config.requests++;
+                const result = await this._translatePerform(config.provider, req);
+                runner.result = { result };
+            } catch (error: any) {
+                config.errorResponses++;
+                runner.result = { error };
+            }
+
+            const dt = (getTime() - now);
+            config._totalTime += dt;
+
+            config.rollingDuration = 0.95 * config.rollingDuration + 0.05 * dt;
+
+            runner.perform = null;
+        })();
+
+        // Start a staller; when this times out, it's time to force
+        // kicking off another runner because we are taking too long
+        runner.staller = (async () => {
+            await stall(config.stallTimeout);
+            runner.staller = null;
+        })();
+
+        running.add(runner);
+        return runner;
+    }
+
+    // Initializes the blockNumber and network for each runner and
+    // blocks until initialized
+    async #initialSync(): Promise<void> {
+        let initialSync = this.#initialSyncPromise;
+        if (!initialSync) {
+            const promises: Array<Promise<any>> = [ ];
+            this.#configs.forEach((config) => {
+                promises.push((async () => {
+                    await waitForSync(config, 0);
+                    if (!config._lastFatalError) {
+                        config._network = await config.provider.getNetwork();
+                    }
+                })());
+            });
+
+            this.#initialSyncPromise = initialSync = (async () => {
+                // Wait for all providers to have a block number and network
+                await Promise.all(promises);
+
+                // Check all the networks match
+                let chainId: null | bigint = null;
+                for (const config of this.#configs) {
+                    if (config._lastFatalError) { continue; }
+                    const network = <Network>(config._network);
+                    if (chainId == null) {
+                        chainId = network.chainId;
+                    } else if (network.chainId !== chainId) {
+                        assert(false, "cannot mix providers on different networks", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+                            operation: "new FallbackProvider"
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+            })();
+        }
+
+        await initialSync
+    }
+
+
+    async #checkQuorum(running: Set<RunnerState>, req: PerformActionRequest): Promise<any> {
+        // Get all the result objects
+        const results: Array<TallyResult> = [ ];
+        for (const runner of running) {
+            if (runner.result != null) {
+                const { tag, value } = normalizeResult(req.method, runner.result);
+                results.push({ tag, value, weight: runner.config.weight });
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Are there enough results to event meet quorum?
+        if (results.reduce((a, r) => (a + r.weight), 0) < this.quorum) {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+
+        switch (req.method) {
+            case "getBlockNumber": {
+                // We need to get the bootstrap block height
+                if (this.#height === -2) {
+                    this.#height = Math.ceil(getNumber(<bigint>getMedian(this.quorum, this.#configs.filter((c) => (!c._lastFatalError)).map((c) => ({
+                        value: c.blockNumber,
+                        tag: getNumber(c.blockNumber).toString(),
+                        weight: c.weight
+                    })))));
+                }
+
+                // Find the mode across all the providers, allowing for
+                // a little drift between block heights
+                const mode = getFuzzyMode(this.quorum, results);
+                if (mode === undefined) { return undefined; }
+                if (mode > this.#height) { this.#height = mode; }
+                return this.#height;
+            }
+
+            case "getGasPrice":
+            case "getPriorityFee":
+            case "estimateGas":
+                return getMedian(this.quorum, results);
+
+            case "getBlock":
+                // Pending blocks are in the mempool and already
+                // quite untrustworthy; just grab anything
+                if ("blockTag" in req && req.blockTag === "pending") {
+                    return getAnyResult(this.quorum, results);
+                }
+                return checkQuorum(this.quorum, results);
+
+            case "call":
+            case "chainId":
+            case "getBalance":
+            case "getTransactionCount":
+            case "getCode":
+            case "getStorage":
+            case "getTransaction":
+            case "getTransactionReceipt":
+            case "getLogs":
+                return checkQuorum(this.quorum, results);
+
+            case "broadcastTransaction":
+                return getAnyResult(this.quorum, results);
+        }
+
+        assert(false, "unsupported method", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+            operation: `_perform(${ stringify((<any>req).method) })`
+        });
+    }
+
+    async #waitForQuorum(running: Set<RunnerState>, req: PerformActionRequest): Promise<any> {
+        if (running.size === 0) { throw new Error("no runners?!"); }
+
+        // Any promises that are interesting to watch for; an expired stall
+        // or a successful perform
+        const interesting: Array<Promise<void>> = [ ];
+
+        let newRunners = 0;
+        for (const runner of running) {
+
+            // No responses, yet; keep an eye on it
+            if (runner.perform) {
+                interesting.push(runner.perform);
+            }
+
+            // Still stalling...
+            if (runner.staller) {
+                interesting.push(runner.staller);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // This runner has already triggered another runner
+            if (runner.didBump) { continue; }
+
+            // Got a response (result or error) or stalled; kick off another runner
+            runner.didBump = true;
+            newRunners++;
+        }
+
+        // Check if we have reached quorum on a result (or error)
+        const value = await this.#checkQuorum(running, req);
+        if (value !== undefined) {
+            if (value instanceof Error) { throw value; }
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        // Add any new runners, because a staller timed out or a result
+        // or error response came in.
+        for (let i = 0; i < newRunners; i++) {
+            this.#addRunner(running, req);
+        }
+
+        // All providers have returned, and we have no result
+
+        assert(interesting.length > 0, "quorum not met", "SERVER_ERROR", {
+            request: "%sub-requests",
+            info: { request: req, results: Array.from(running).map((r) => stringify(r.result)) }
+        });
+
+        // Wait for someone to either complete its perform or stall out
+        await Promise.race(interesting);
+
+        // This is recursive, but at worst case the depth is 2x the
+        // number of providers (each has a perform and a staller)
+        return await this.#waitForQuorum(running, req);
+    }
+
+    async _perform<T = any>(req: PerformActionRequest): Promise<T> {
+        // Broadcasting a transaction is rare (ish) and already incurs
+        // a cost on the user, so spamming is safe-ish. Just send it to
+        // every backend.
+        if (req.method === "broadcastTransaction") {
+            // Once any broadcast provides a positive result, use it. No
+            // need to wait for anyone else
+            const results: Array<null | TallyResult> = this.#configs.map((c) => null);
+            const broadcasts = this.#configs.map(async ({ provider, weight }, index) => {
+                try {
+                    const result = await provider._perform(req);
+                    results[index] = Object.assign(normalizeResult(req.method, { result }), { weight });
+                } catch (error: any) {
+                    results[index] = Object.assign(normalizeResult(req.method, { error }), { weight });
+                }
+            });
+
+            // As each promise finishes...
+            while (true) {
+                // Check for a valid broadcast result
+                const done = <Array<any>>results.filter((r) => (r != null));
+                for (const { value } of done) {
+                    if (!(value instanceof Error)) { return value; }
+                }
+
+                // Check for a legit broadcast error (one which we cannot
+                // recover from; some nodes may return the following red
+                // herring events:
+                // - alredy seend (UNKNOWN_ERROR)
+                // - NONCE_EXPIRED
+                // - REPLACEMENT_UNDERPRICED
+                const result = checkQuorum(this.quorum, <Array<any>>results.filter((r) => (r != null)));
+                if (isError(result, "INSUFFICIENT_FUNDS")) {
+                    throw result;
+                }
+
+                // Kick off the next provider (if any)
+                const waiting = broadcasts.filter((b, i) => (results[i] == null));
+                if (waiting.length === 0) { break; }
+                await Promise.race(waiting);
+            }
+
+            // Use standard quorum results; any result was returned above,
+            // so this will find any error that met quorum if any
+            const result = getAnyResult(this.quorum, <Array<any>>results);
+            assert(result !== undefined, "problem multi-broadcasting", "SERVER_ERROR", {
+                request: "%sub-requests",
+                info: { request: req, results: results.map(stringify) }
+            })
+            if (result instanceof Error) { throw result; }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        await this.#initialSync();
+
+        // Bootstrap enough runners to meet quorum
+        const running: Set<RunnerState> = new Set();
+        let inflightQuorum = 0;
+        while (true) {
+            const runner = this.#addRunner(running, req);
+            if (runner == null) { break; }
+            inflightQuorum += runner.config.weight;
+            if (inflightQuorum >= this.quorum) { break; }
+        }
+
+        const result = await this.#waitForQuorum(running, req);
+
+        // Track requests sent to a provider that are still
+        // outstanding after quorum has been otherwise found
+        for (const runner of running) {
+            if (runner.perform && runner.result == null) {
+                runner.config.lateResponses++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    async destroy(): Promise<void> {
+        for (const { provider } of this.#configs) {
+            provider.destroy();
+        }
+        super.destroy();
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/provider-infura.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+/**
+ *  [[link-infura]] provides a third-party service for connecting to
+ *  various blockchains over JSON-RPC.
+ *
+ *  **Supported Networks**
+ *
+ *  - Ethereum Mainnet (``mainnet``)
+ *  - Goerli Testnet (``goerli``)
+ *  - Sepolia Testnet (``sepolia``)
+ *  - Arbitrum (``arbitrum``)
+ *  - Arbitrum Goerli Testnet (``arbitrum-goerli``)
+ *  - Arbitrum Sepolia Testnet (``arbitrum-sepolia``)
+ *  - Base (``base``)
+ *  - Base Goerlia Testnet (``base-goerli``)
+ *  - Base Sepolia Testnet (``base-sepolia``)
+ *  - BNB Smart Chain Mainnet (``bnb``)
+ *  - BNB Smart Chain Testnet (``bnbt``)
+ *  - Linea (``linea``)
+ *  - Linea Goerli Testnet (``linea-goerli``)
+ *  - Linea Sepolia Testnet (``linea-sepolia``)
+ *  - Optimism (``optimism``)
+ *  - Optimism Goerli Testnet (``optimism-goerli``)
+ *  - Optimism Sepolia Testnet (``optimism-sepolia``)
+ *  - Polygon (``matic``)
+ *  - Polygon Amoy Testnet (``matic-amoy``)
+ *  - Polygon Mumbai Testnet (``matic-mumbai``)
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/providers/thirdparty:INFURA  [providers-infura]
+ */
+import {
+    defineProperties, FetchRequest, assert, assertArgument
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { showThrottleMessage } from "./community.js";
+import { Network } from "./network.js";
+import { JsonRpcProvider } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+import { WebSocketProvider } from "./provider-websocket.js";
+
+import type { AbstractProvider } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import type { CommunityResourcable } from "./community.js";
+import type { Networkish } from "./network.js";
+
+
+const defaultProjectId = "84842078b09946638c03157f83405213";
+
+function getHost(name: string): string {
+    switch(name) {
+        case "mainnet":
+            return "mainnet.infura.io";
+        case "goerli":
+            return "goerli.infura.io";
+        case "sepolia":
+            return "sepolia.infura.io";
+
+        case "arbitrum":
+            return "arbitrum-mainnet.infura.io";
+        case "arbitrum-goerli":
+            return "arbitrum-goerli.infura.io";
+        case "arbitrum-sepolia":
+            return "arbitrum-sepolia.infura.io";
+        case "base":
+            return "base-mainnet.infura.io";
+        case "base-goerlia": // @TODO: Remove this typo in the future!
+        case "base-goerli":
+            return "base-goerli.infura.io";
+        case "base-sepolia":
+            return "base-sepolia.infura.io";
+        case "bnb":
+            return "bsc-mainnet.infura.io";
+        case "bnbt":
+            return "bsc-testnet.infura.io";
+        case "linea":
+            return "linea-mainnet.infura.io";
+        case "linea-goerli":
+            return "linea-goerli.infura.io";
+        case "linea-sepolia":
+            return "linea-sepolia.infura.io";
+        case "matic":
+            return "polygon-mainnet.infura.io";
+        case "matic-amoy":
+            return "polygon-amoy.infura.io";
+        case "matic-mumbai":
+            return "polygon-mumbai.infura.io";
+        case "optimism":
+            return "optimism-mainnet.infura.io";
+        case "optimism-goerli":
+            return "optimism-goerli.infura.io";
+        case "optimism-sepolia":
+            return "optimism-sepolia.infura.io";
+    }
+
+    assertArgument(false, "unsupported network", "network", name);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  The **InfuraWebSocketProvider** connects to the [[link-infura]]
+ *  WebSocket end-points.
+ *
+ *  By default, a highly-throttled API key is used, which is
+ *  appropriate for quick prototypes and simple scripts. To
+ *  gain access to an increased rate-limit, it is highly
+ *  recommended to [sign up here](link-infura-signup).
+ */
+export class InfuraWebSocketProvider extends WebSocketProvider implements CommunityResourcable {
+
+    /**
+     *  The Project ID for the INFURA connection.
+     */
+    readonly projectId!: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The Project Secret.
+     *
+     *  If null, no authenticated requests are made. This should not
+     *  be used outside of private contexts.
+     */
+    readonly projectSecret!: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **InfuraWebSocketProvider**.
+     */
+    constructor(network?: Networkish, projectId?: string) {
+        const provider = new InfuraProvider(network, projectId);
+
+        const req = provider._getConnection();
+        assert(!req.credentials, "INFURA WebSocket project secrets unsupported",
+            "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", { operation: "InfuraProvider.getWebSocketProvider()" });
+
+        const url = req.url.replace(/^http/i, "ws").replace("/v3/", "/ws/v3/");
+        super(url, provider._network);
+
+        defineProperties<InfuraWebSocketProvider>(this, {
+            projectId: provider.projectId,
+            projectSecret: provider.projectSecret
+        });
+    }
+
+    isCommunityResource(): boolean {
+        return (this.projectId === defaultProjectId);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  The **InfuraProvider** connects to the [[link-infura]]
+ *  JSON-RPC end-points.
+ *
+ *  By default, a highly-throttled API key is used, which is
+ *  appropriate for quick prototypes and simple scripts. To
+ *  gain access to an increased rate-limit, it is highly
+ *  recommended to [sign up here](link-infura-signup).
+ */
+export class InfuraProvider extends JsonRpcProvider implements CommunityResourcable {
+    /**
+     *  The Project ID for the INFURA connection.
+     */
+    readonly projectId!: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The Project Secret.
+     *
+     *  If null, no authenticated requests are made. This should not
+     *  be used outside of private contexts.
+     */
+    readonly projectSecret!: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **InfuraProvider**.
+     */
+    constructor(_network?: Networkish, projectId?: null | string, projectSecret?: null | string) {
+        if (_network == null) { _network = "mainnet"; }
+        const network = Network.from(_network);
+        if (projectId == null) { projectId = defaultProjectId; }
+        if (projectSecret == null) { projectSecret = null; }
+
+        const request = InfuraProvider.getRequest(network, projectId, projectSecret);
+        super(request, network, { staticNetwork: network });
+
+        defineProperties<InfuraProvider>(this, { projectId, projectSecret });
+    }
+
+    _getProvider(chainId: number): AbstractProvider {
+        try {
+            return new InfuraProvider(chainId, this.projectId, this.projectSecret);
+        } catch (error) { }
+        return super._getProvider(chainId);
+    }
+
+    isCommunityResource(): boolean {
+        return (this.projectId === defaultProjectId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **InfuraWebSocketProvider**.
+     */
+    static getWebSocketProvider(network?: Networkish, projectId?: string): InfuraWebSocketProvider {
+        return new InfuraWebSocketProvider(network, projectId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a prepared request for connecting to %%network%%
+     *  with %%projectId%% and %%projectSecret%%.
+     */
+    static getRequest(network: Network, projectId?: null | string, projectSecret?: null | string): FetchRequest {
+        if (projectId == null) { projectId = defaultProjectId; }
+        if (projectSecret == null) { projectSecret = null; }
+
+        const request = new FetchRequest(`https:/\/${ getHost(network.name) }/v3/${ projectId }`);
+        request.allowGzip = true;
+        if (projectSecret) { request.setCredentials("", projectSecret); }
+
+        if (projectId === defaultProjectId) {
+            request.retryFunc = async (request, response, attempt) => {
+                showThrottleMessage("InfuraProvider");
+                return true;
+            };
+        }
+
+        return request;
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/provider-ipcsocket-browser.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const IpcSocketProvider = undefined;
+
+export { IpcSocketProvider };

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/provider-ipcsocket.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+
+import { connect } from "net";
+import { SocketProvider } from "./provider-socket.js";
+
+import type { Socket } from "net";
+
+import type { JsonRpcApiProviderOptions } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+import type { Networkish } from "./network.js";
+
+
+// @TODO: Is this sufficient? Is this robust? Will newlines occur between
+// all payloads and only between payloads?
+function splitBuffer(data: Buffer): { messages: Array<string>, remaining: Buffer } {
+    const messages: Array<string> = [ ];
+
+    let lastStart = 0;
+    while (true) {
+        const nl = data.indexOf(10, lastStart);
+        if (nl === -1) { break; }
+        messages.push(data.subarray(lastStart, nl).toString().trim());
+        lastStart = nl + 1;
+    }
+
+    return { messages, remaining: data.subarray(lastStart) };
+}
+
+/**
+ *  An **IpcSocketProvider** connects over an IPC socket on the host
+ *  which provides fast access to the node, but requires the node and
+ *  the script run on the same machine.
+ */
+export class IpcSocketProvider extends SocketProvider {
+    #socket: Socket;
+
+    /**
+     *  The connected socket.
+     */
+    get socket(): Socket { return this.#socket; }
+
+    constructor(path: string, network?: Networkish, options?: JsonRpcApiProviderOptions) {
+        super(network, options);
+        this.#socket = connect(path);
+
+        this.socket.on("ready", async () => {
+            try {
+                await this._start();
+            } catch (error) {
+                console.log("failed to start IpcSocketProvider", error);
+                // @TODO: Now what? Restart?
+            }
+        });
+
+        let response = Buffer.alloc(0);
+        this.socket.on("data", (data) => {
+            response = Buffer.concat([ response, data ]);
+            const { messages, remaining } = splitBuffer(response);
+            messages.forEach((message) => {
+                this._processMessage(message);
+            });
+            response = remaining;
+        });
+
+        this.socket.on("end", () => {
+            this.emit("close");
+            this.socket.destroy();
+            this.socket.end();
+        });
+    }
+
+    destroy(): void {
+        this.socket.destroy();
+        this.socket.end();
+
+        super.destroy();
+    }
+
+    async _write(message: string): Promise<void> {
+        if (!message.endsWith("\n")) { message += "\n"; }
+        this.socket.write(message);
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/provider-pocket.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/**
+ *  [[link-pocket]] provides a third-party service for connecting to
+ *  various blockchains over JSON-RPC.
+ *
+ *  **Supported Networks**
+ *
+ *  - Ethereum Mainnet (``mainnet``)
+ *  - Goerli Testnet (``goerli``)
+ *  - Polygon (``matic``)
+ *  - Arbitrum (``arbitrum``)
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/providers/thirdparty:Pocket  [providers-pocket]
+ */
+import {
+    defineProperties, FetchRequest, assertArgument
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { AbstractProvider } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import { showThrottleMessage } from "./community.js";
+import { Network } from "./network.js";
+import { JsonRpcProvider } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+
+import type { CommunityResourcable } from "./community.js";
+import type { Networkish } from "./network.js";
+
+const defaultApplicationId = "62e1ad51b37b8e00394bda3b";
+
+function getHost(name: string): string {
+    switch (name) {
+        case "mainnet":
+            return  "eth-mainnet.gateway.pokt.network";
+        case "goerli":
+            return "eth-goerli.gateway.pokt.network";
+
+        case "matic":
+            return "poly-mainnet.gateway.pokt.network";
+        case "matic-mumbai":
+            return "polygon-mumbai-rpc.gateway.pokt.network";
+    }
+
+    assertArgument(false, "unsupported network", "network", name);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ *  The **PocketProvider** connects to the [[link-pocket]]
+ *  JSON-RPC end-points.
+ *
+ *  By default, a highly-throttled API key is used, which is
+ *  appropriate for quick prototypes and simple scripts. To
+ *  gain access to an increased rate-limit, it is highly
+ *  recommended to [sign up here](link-pocket-signup).
+ */
+export class PocketProvider extends JsonRpcProvider implements CommunityResourcable {
+
+    /**
+     *  The Application ID for the Pocket connection.
+     */
+    readonly applicationId!: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The Application Secret for making authenticated requests
+     *  to the Pocket connection.
+     */
+    readonly applicationSecret!: null | string;
+
+    /**
+     *  Create a new **PocketProvider**.
+     *
+     *  By default connecting to ``mainnet`` with a highly throttled
+     *  API key.
+     */
+    constructor(_network?: Networkish, applicationId?: null | string, applicationSecret?: null | string) {
+        if (_network == null) { _network = "mainnet"; }
+        const network = Network.from(_network);
+        if (applicationId == null) { applicationId = defaultApplicationId; }
+        if (applicationSecret == null) { applicationSecret = null; }
+
+        const options = { staticNetwork: network };
+
+        const request = PocketProvider.getRequest(network, applicationId, applicationSecret);
+        super(request, network, options);
+
+        defineProperties<PocketProvider>(this, { applicationId, applicationSecret });
+    }
+
+    _getProvider(chainId: number): AbstractProvider {
+        try {
+            return new PocketProvider(chainId, this.applicationId, this.applicationSecret);
+        } catch (error) { }
+        return super._getProvider(chainId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a prepared request for connecting to %%network%% with
+     *  %%applicationId%%.
+     */
+    static getRequest(network: Network, applicationId?: null | string, applicationSecret?: null | string): FetchRequest {
+        if (applicationId == null) { applicationId = defaultApplicationId; }
+
+        const request = new FetchRequest(`https:/\/${ getHost(network.name) }/v1/lb/${ applicationId }`);
+        request.allowGzip = true;
+
+        if (applicationSecret) {
+            request.setCredentials("", applicationSecret);
+        }
+
+        if (applicationId === defaultApplicationId) {
+            request.retryFunc = async (request, response, attempt) => {
+                showThrottleMessage("PocketProvider");
+                return true;
+            };
+        }
+
+        return request;
+    }
+
+    isCommunityResource(): boolean {
+        return (this.applicationId === defaultApplicationId);
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/provider-quicknode.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/**
+ *  [[link-quicknode]] provides a third-party service for connecting to
+ *  various blockchains over JSON-RPC.
+ *
+ *  **Supported Networks**
+ *
+ *  - Ethereum Mainnet (``mainnet``)
+ *  - Goerli Testnet (``goerli``)
+ *  - Sepolia Testnet (``sepolia``)
+ *  - Holesky Testnet (``holesky``)
+ *  - Arbitrum (``arbitrum``)
+ *  - Arbitrum Goerli Testnet (``arbitrum-goerli``)
+ *  - Arbitrum Sepolia Testnet (``arbitrum-sepolia``)
+ *  - Base Mainnet (``base``);
+ *  - Base Goerli Testnet (``base-goerli``);
+ *  - Base Sepolia Testnet (``base-sepolia``);
+ *  - BNB Smart Chain Mainnet (``bnb``)
+ *  - BNB Smart Chain Testnet (``bnbt``)
+ *  - Optimism (``optimism``)
+ *  - Optimism Goerli Testnet (``optimism-goerli``)
+ *  - Optimism Sepolia Testnet (``optimism-sepolia``)
+ *  - Polygon (``matic``)
+ *  - Polygon Mumbai Testnet (``matic-mumbai``)
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/providers/thirdparty:QuickNode  [providers-quicknode]
+ */
+
+import {
+    defineProperties, FetchRequest, assertArgument
+} from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { showThrottleMessage } from "./community.js";
+import { Network } from "./network.js";
+import { JsonRpcProvider } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+
+import type { AbstractProvider } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import type { CommunityResourcable } from "./community.js";
+import type { Networkish } from "./network.js";
+
+
+const defaultToken = "919b412a057b5e9c9b6dce193c5a60242d6efadb";
+
+function getHost(name: string): string {
+    switch(name) {
+        case "mainnet":
+            return "ethers.quiknode.pro";
+        case "goerli":
+            return "ethers.ethereum-goerli.quiknode.pro";
+        case "sepolia":
+            return "ethers.ethereum-sepolia.quiknode.pro";
+        case "holesky":
+            return "ethers.ethereum-holesky.quiknode.pro";
+
+        case "arbitrum":
+            return "ethers.arbitrum-mainnet.quiknode.pro";
+        case "arbitrum-goerli":
+            return "ethers.arbitrum-goerli.quiknode.pro";
+        case "arbitrum-sepolia":
+            return "ethers.arbitrum-sepolia.quiknode.pro";
+        case "base":
+            return "ethers.base-mainnet.quiknode.pro";
+        case "base-goerli":
+            return "ethers.base-goerli.quiknode.pro";
+        case "base-spolia":
+            return "ethers.base-sepolia.quiknode.pro";
+        case "bnb":
+            return "ethers.bsc.quiknode.pro";
+        case "bnbt":
+            return "ethers.bsc-testnet.quiknode.pro";
+        case "matic":
+            return "ethers.matic.quiknode.pro";
+        case "matic-mumbai":
+            return "ethers.matic-testnet.quiknode.pro";
+        case "optimism":
+            return "ethers.optimism.quiknode.pro";
+        case "optimism-goerli":
+            return "ethers.optimism-goerli.quiknode.pro";
+        case "optimism-sepolia":
+            return "ethers.optimism-sepolia.quiknode.pro";
+        case "xdai":
+            return "ethers.xdai.quiknode.pro";
+    }
+
+    assertArgument(false, "unsupported network", "network", name);
+}
+
+/*
+@TODO:
+  These networks are not currently present in the Network
+  default included networks. Research them and ensure they
+  are EVM compatible and work with ethers
+
+  http://ethers.matic-amoy.quiknode.pro
+
+  http://ethers.avalanche-mainnet.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.avalanche-testnet.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.blast-sepolia.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.celo-mainnet.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.fantom.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.imx-demo.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.imx-mainnet.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.imx-testnet.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.near-mainnet.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.near-testnet.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.nova-mainnet.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.scroll-mainnet.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.scroll-testnet.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.tron-mainnet.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.zkevm-mainnet.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.zkevm-testnet.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.zksync-mainnet.quiknode.pro
+  http://ethers.zksync-testnet.quiknode.pro
+*/
+
+
+
+/**
+ *  The **QuickNodeProvider** connects to the [[link-quicknode]]
+ *  JSON-RPC end-points.
+ *
+ *  By default, a highly-throttled API token is used, which is
+ *  appropriate for quick prototypes and simple scripts. To
+ *  gain access to an increased rate-limit, it is highly
+ *  recommended to [sign up here](link-quicknode).
+ */
+export class QuickNodeProvider extends JsonRpcProvider implements CommunityResourcable {
+    /**
+     *  The API token.
+     */
+    readonly token!: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **QuickNodeProvider**.
+     */
+    constructor(_network?: Networkish, token?: null | string) {
+        if (_network == null) { _network = "mainnet"; }
+        const network = Network.from(_network);
+        if (token == null) { token = defaultToken; }
+
+        const request = QuickNodeProvider.getRequest(network, token);
+        super(request, network, { staticNetwork: network });
+
+        defineProperties<QuickNodeProvider>(this, { token });
+    }
+
+    _getProvider(chainId: number): AbstractProvider {
+        try {
+            return new QuickNodeProvider(chainId, this.token);
+        } catch (error) { }
+        return super._getProvider(chainId);
+    }
+
+    isCommunityResource(): boolean {
+        return (this.token === defaultToken);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a new request prepared for %%network%% and the
+     *  %%token%%.
+     */
+    static getRequest(network: Network, token?: null | string): FetchRequest {
+        if (token == null) { token = defaultToken; }
+
+        const request = new FetchRequest(`https:/\/${ getHost(network.name) }/${ token }`);
+        request.allowGzip = true;
+        //if (projectSecret) { request.setCredentials("", projectSecret); }
+
+        if (token === defaultToken) {
+            request.retryFunc = async (request, response, attempt) => {
+                showThrottleMessage("QuickNodeProvider");
+                return true;
+            };
+        }
+
+        return request;
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/provider-socket.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+/**
+ *  Generic long-lived socket provider.
+ *
+ *  Sub-classing notes
+ *  - a sub-class MUST call the `_start()` method once connected
+ *  - a sub-class MUST override the `_write(string)` method
+ *  - a sub-class MUST call `_processMessage(string)` for each message
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/providers/abstract-provider:Socket Providers  [about-socketProvider]
+ */
+
+import { UnmanagedSubscriber } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import { assert, assertArgument, makeError } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { JsonRpcApiProvider } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+
+import type { Subscriber, Subscription } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import type { EventFilter } from "./provider.js";
+import type {
+    JsonRpcApiProviderOptions, JsonRpcError, JsonRpcPayload, JsonRpcResult
+} from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+import type { Networkish } from "./network.js";
+
+
+type JsonRpcSubscription = {
+    method: string,
+    params: {
+        result: any,
+        subscription: string
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ *  A **SocketSubscriber** uses a socket transport to handle events and
+ *  should use [[_emit]] to manage the events.
+ */
+export class SocketSubscriber implements Subscriber {
+    #provider: SocketProvider;
+
+    #filter: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The filter.
+     */
+    get filter(): Array<any> { return JSON.parse(this.#filter); }
+
+    #filterId: null | Promise<string |number>;
+    #paused: null | boolean;
+
+    #emitPromise: null | Promise<void>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **SocketSubscriber** attached to %%provider%% listening
+     *  to %%filter%%.
+     */
+    constructor(provider: SocketProvider, filter: Array<any>) {
+        this.#provider = provider;
+        this.#filter = JSON.stringify(filter);
+        this.#filterId = null;
+        this.#paused = null;
+        this.#emitPromise = null;
+    }
+
+    start(): void {
+        this.#filterId = this.#provider.send("eth_subscribe", this.filter).then((filterId) => {;
+            this.#provider._register(filterId, this);
+            return filterId;
+        });
+    }
+
+    stop(): void {
+        (<Promise<number>>(this.#filterId)).then((filterId) => {
+            if (this.#provider.destroyed) { return; }
+            this.#provider.send("eth_unsubscribe", [ filterId ]);
+        });
+        this.#filterId = null;
+    }
+
+    // @TODO: pause should trap the current blockNumber, unsub, and on resume use getLogs
+    //        and resume
+    pause(dropWhilePaused?: boolean): void {
+        assert(dropWhilePaused, "preserve logs while paused not supported by SocketSubscriber yet",
+            "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", { operation: "pause(false)" });
+        this.#paused = !!dropWhilePaused;
+    }
+
+    resume(): void {
+        this.#paused = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  @_ignore:
+     */
+    _handleMessage(message: any): void {
+        if (this.#filterId == null) { return; }
+        if (this.#paused === null) {
+            let emitPromise: null | Promise<void> = this.#emitPromise;
+            if (emitPromise == null) {
+                emitPromise = this._emit(this.#provider, message);
+            } else {
+                emitPromise = emitPromise.then(async () => {
+                    await this._emit(this.#provider, message);
+                });
+            }
+            this.#emitPromise = emitPromise.then(() => {
+                if (this.#emitPromise === emitPromise) {
+                    this.#emitPromise = null;
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Sub-classes **must** override this to emit the events on the
+     *  provider.
+     */
+    async _emit(provider: SocketProvider, message: any): Promise<void> {
+        throw new Error("sub-classes must implemente this; _emit");
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **SocketBlockSubscriber** listens for ``newHeads`` events and emits
+ *  ``"block"`` events.
+ */
+export class SocketBlockSubscriber extends SocketSubscriber {
+    /**
+     *  @_ignore:
+     */
+    constructor(provider: SocketProvider) {
+        super(provider, [ "newHeads" ]);
+    }
+
+    async _emit(provider: SocketProvider, message: any): Promise<void> {
+        provider.emit("block", parseInt(message.number));
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **SocketPendingSubscriber** listens for pending transacitons and emits
+ *  ``"pending"`` events.
+ */
+export class SocketPendingSubscriber extends SocketSubscriber {
+
+    /**
+     *  @_ignore:
+     */
+    constructor(provider: SocketProvider) {
+        super(provider, [ "newPendingTransactions" ]);
+    }
+
+    async _emit(provider: SocketProvider, message: any): Promise<void> {
+        provider.emit("pending", message);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **SocketEventSubscriber** listens for event logs.
+ */
+export class SocketEventSubscriber extends SocketSubscriber {
+    #logFilter: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  The filter.
+     */
+    get logFilter(): EventFilter { return JSON.parse(this.#logFilter); }
+
+    /**
+     *  @_ignore:
+     */
+    constructor(provider: SocketProvider, filter: EventFilter) {
+        super(provider, [ "logs", filter ]);
+        this.#logFilter = JSON.stringify(filter);
+    }
+
+    async _emit(provider: SocketProvider, message: any): Promise<void> {
+        provider.emit(this.logFilter, provider._wrapLog(message, provider._network));
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **SocketProvider** is backed by a long-lived connection over a
+ *  socket, which can subscribe and receive real-time messages over
+ *  its communication channel.
+ */
+export class SocketProvider extends JsonRpcApiProvider {
+    #callbacks: Map<number, { payload: JsonRpcPayload, resolve: (r: any) => void, reject: (e: Error) => void }>;
+
+    // Maps each filterId to its subscriber
+    #subs: Map<number | string, SocketSubscriber>;
+
+    // If any events come in before a subscriber has finished
+    // registering, queue them
+    #pending: Map<number | string, Array<any>>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **SocketProvider** connected to %%network%%.
+     *
+     *  If unspecified, the network will be discovered.
+     */
+    constructor(network?: Networkish, _options?: JsonRpcApiProviderOptions) {
+        // Copy the options
+        const options = Object.assign({ }, (_options != null) ? _options: { });
+
+        // Support for batches is generally not supported for
+        // connection-base providers; if this changes in the future
+        // the _send should be updated to reflect this
+        assertArgument(options.batchMaxCount == null || options.batchMaxCount === 1,
+            "sockets-based providers do not support batches", "options.batchMaxCount", _options);
+        options.batchMaxCount = 1;
+
+        // Socket-based Providers (generally) cannot change their network,
+        // since they have a long-lived connection; but let people override
+        // this if they have just cause.
+        if (options.staticNetwork == null) { options.staticNetwork = true; }
+
+        super(network, options);
+        this.#callbacks = new Map();
+        this.#subs = new Map();
+        this.#pending = new Map();
+    }
+
+    // This value is only valid after _start has been called
+    /*
+    get _network(): Network {
+        if (this.#network == null) {
+            throw new Error("this shouldn't happen");
+        }
+        return this.#network.clone();
+    }
+    */
+
+    _getSubscriber(sub: Subscription): Subscriber {
+        switch (sub.type) {
+            case "close":
+                return new UnmanagedSubscriber("close");
+            case "block":
+                return new SocketBlockSubscriber(this);
+            case "pending":
+                return new SocketPendingSubscriber(this);
+            case "event":
+                return new SocketEventSubscriber(this, sub.filter);
+            case "orphan":
+                // Handled auto-matically within AbstractProvider
+                // when the log.removed = true
+                if (sub.filter.orphan === "drop-log") {
+                    return new UnmanagedSubscriber("drop-log");
+                }
+        }
+        return super._getSubscriber(sub);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Register a new subscriber. This is used internalled by Subscribers
+     *  and generally is unecessary unless extending capabilities.
+     */
+    _register(filterId: number | string, subscriber: SocketSubscriber): void {
+        this.#subs.set(filterId, subscriber);
+        const pending = this.#pending.get(filterId);
+        if (pending) {
+            for (const message of pending) {
+                subscriber._handleMessage(message);
+            }
+            this.#pending.delete(filterId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    async _send(payload: JsonRpcPayload | Array<JsonRpcPayload>): Promise<Array<JsonRpcResult | JsonRpcError>> {
+        // WebSocket provider doesn't accept batches
+        assertArgument(!Array.isArray(payload), "WebSocket does not support batch send", "payload", payload);
+
+        // @TODO: stringify payloads here and store to prevent mutations
+
+        // Prepare a promise to respond to
+        const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+            this.#callbacks.set(payload.id, { payload, resolve, reject });
+        });
+
+        // Wait until the socket is connected before writing to it
+        await this._waitUntilReady();
+
+        // Write the request to the socket
+        await this._write(JSON.stringify(payload));
+
+        return <Array<JsonRpcResult | JsonRpcError>>[ await promise ];
+    }
+
+    // Sub-classes must call this once they are connected
+    /*
+    async _start(): Promise<void> {
+        if (this.#ready) { return; }
+
+        for (const { payload } of this.#callbacks.values()) {
+            await this._write(JSON.stringify(payload));
+        }
+
+        this.#ready = (async function() {
+            await super._start();
+        })();
+    }
+    */
+
+    /**
+     *  Sub-classes **must** call this with messages received over their
+     *  transport to be processed and dispatched.
+     */
+    async _processMessage(message: string): Promise<void> {
+        const result = <JsonRpcResult | JsonRpcError | JsonRpcSubscription>(JSON.parse(message));
+
+        if (result && typeof(result) === "object" && "id" in result) {
+            const callback = this.#callbacks.get(result.id);
+            if (callback == null) {
+                this.emit("error", makeError("received result for unknown id", "UNKNOWN_ERROR", {
+                    reasonCode: "UNKNOWN_ID",
+                    result
+                }));
+                return;
+            }
+            this.#callbacks.delete(result.id);
+
+            callback.resolve(result);
+
+        } else if (result && result.method === "eth_subscription") {
+            const filterId = result.params.subscription;
+            const subscriber = this.#subs.get(filterId);
+            if (subscriber) {
+                subscriber._handleMessage(result.params.result);
+            } else {
+                let pending = this.#pending.get(filterId);
+                if (pending == null) {
+                    pending = [ ];
+                    this.#pending.set(filterId, pending);
+                }
+                pending.push(result.params.result);
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            this.emit("error", makeError("received unexpected message", "UNKNOWN_ERROR", {
+                reasonCode: "UNEXPECTED_MESSAGE",
+                result
+            }));
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Sub-classes **must** override this to send %%message%% over their
+     *  transport.
+     */
+    async _write(message: string): Promise<void> {
+        throw new Error("sub-classes must override this");
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/provider-websocket.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+
+
+import { WebSocket as _WebSocket } from "./ws.js"; /*-browser*/
+
+import { SocketProvider } from "./provider-socket.js";
+
+import type { JsonRpcApiProviderOptions} from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+import type { Networkish } from "./network.js";
+
+/**
+ *  A generic interface to a Websocket-like object.
+ */
+export interface WebSocketLike {
+    onopen: null | ((...args: Array<any>) => any);
+    onmessage: null | ((...args: Array<any>) => any);
+    onerror: null | ((...args: Array<any>) => any);
+
+    readyState: number;
+
+    send(payload: any): void;
+    close(code?: number, reason?: string): void;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A function which can be used to re-create a WebSocket connection
+ *  on disconnect.
+ */
+export type WebSocketCreator = () => WebSocketLike;
+
+/**
+ *  A JSON-RPC provider which is backed by a WebSocket.
+ *
+ *  WebSockets are often preferred because they retain a live connection
+ *  to a server, which permits more instant access to events.
+ *
+ *  However, this incurs higher server infrasturture costs, so additional
+ *  resources may be required to host your own WebSocket nodes and many
+ *  third-party services charge additional fees for WebSocket endpoints.
+ */
+export class WebSocketProvider extends SocketProvider {
+    #connect: null | WebSocketCreator;
+
+    #websocket: null | WebSocketLike;
+    get websocket(): WebSocketLike {
+        if (this.#websocket == null) { throw new Error("websocket closed"); }
+        return this.#websocket;
+    }
+
+    constructor(url: string | WebSocketLike | WebSocketCreator, network?: Networkish, options?: JsonRpcApiProviderOptions) {
+        super(network, options);
+        if (typeof(url) === "string") {
+            this.#connect = () => { return new _WebSocket(url); };
+            this.#websocket = this.#connect();
+        } else if (typeof(url) === "function") {
+            this.#connect = url;
+            this.#websocket = url();
+        } else {
+            this.#connect = null;
+            this.#websocket = url;
+        }
+
+        this.websocket.onopen = async () => {
+            try {
+                await this._start()
+                this.resume();
+            } catch (error) {
+                console.log("failed to start WebsocketProvider", error);
+                // @TODO: now what? Attempt reconnect?
+            }
+        };
+
+        this.websocket.onmessage = (message: { data: string }) => {
+            this._processMessage(message.data);
+        };
+/*
+        this.websocket.onclose = (event) => {
+            // @TODO: What event.code should we reconnect on?
+            const reconnect = false;
+            if (reconnect) {
+                this.pause(true);
+                if (this.#connect) {
+                    this.#websocket = this.#connect();
+                    this.#websocket.onopen = ...
+                    // @TODO: this requires the super class to rebroadcast; move it there
+                }
+                this._reconnect();
+            }
+        };
+*/
+    }
+
+    async _write(message: string): Promise<void> {
+        this.websocket.send(message);
+    }
+
+    async destroy(): Promise<void> {
+        if (this.#websocket != null) {
+            this.#websocket.close();
+            this.#websocket = null;
+        }
+        super.destroy();
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/signer-noncemanager.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { defineProperties } from "../utils/index.js";
+import { AbstractSigner } from "./abstract-signer.js";
+
+import type { TypedDataDomain, TypedDataField } from "../hash/index.js";
+
+import type {
+    BlockTag, Provider, TransactionRequest, TransactionResponse
+} from "./provider.js";
+import type { Signer } from "./signer.js";
+
+
+/**
+ *  A **NonceManager** wraps another [[Signer]] and automatically manages
+ *  the nonce, ensuring serialized and sequential nonces are used during
+ *  transaction.
+ */
+export class NonceManager extends AbstractSigner {
+    /**
+     *  The Signer being managed.
+     */
+    signer!: Signer;
+
+    #noncePromise: null | Promise<number>;
+    #delta: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **NonceManager** to manage %%signer%%.
+     */
+    constructor(signer: Signer) {
+        super(signer.provider);
+        defineProperties<NonceManager>(this, { signer });
+
+        this.#noncePromise = null;
+        this.#delta = 0;
+    }
+
+    async getAddress(): Promise<string> {
+        return this.signer.getAddress();
+    }
+
+    connect(provider: null | Provider): NonceManager {
+        return new NonceManager(this.signer.connect(provider));
+    }
+
+    async getNonce(blockTag?: BlockTag): Promise<number> {
+        if (blockTag === "pending") {
+            if (this.#noncePromise == null) {
+                this.#noncePromise = super.getNonce("pending");
+            }
+
+            const delta = this.#delta;
+            return (await this.#noncePromise) + delta;
+        }
+
+        return super.getNonce(blockTag);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Manually increment the nonce. This may be useful when managng
+     *  offline transactions.
+     */
+    increment(): void {
+        this.#delta++;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Resets the nonce, causing the **NonceManager** to reload the current
+     *  nonce from the blockchain on the next transaction.
+     */
+    reset(): void {
+        this.#delta = 0;
+        this.#noncePromise = null;
+    }
+
+    async sendTransaction(tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<TransactionResponse> {
+        const noncePromise = this.getNonce("pending");
+        this.increment();
+
+        tx = await this.signer.populateTransaction(tx);
+        tx.nonce = await noncePromise;
+
+        // @TODO: Maybe handle interesting/recoverable errors?
+        // Like don't increment if the tx was certainly not sent
+        return await this.signer.sendTransaction(tx);
+    }
+
+    signTransaction(tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<string> {
+        return this.signer.signTransaction(tx);
+    }
+
+    signMessage(message: string | Uint8Array): Promise<string> {
+        return this.signer.signMessage(message);
+    }
+
+    signTypedData(domain: TypedDataDomain, types: Record<string, Array<TypedDataField>>, value: Record<string, any>): Promise<string> {
+        return this.signer.signTypedData(domain, types, value);
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/signer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+
+import type { Addressable, NameResolver } from "../address/index.js";
+import type {
+    AuthorizationRequest, TypedDataDomain, TypedDataField
+} from "../hash/index.js";
+import type { Authorization, TransactionLike } from "../transaction/index.js";
+
+import type { ContractRunner } from "./contracts.js";
+import type { BlockTag, Provider, TransactionRequest, TransactionResponse } from "./provider.js";
+
+/**
+ *  A Signer represents an account on the Ethereum Blockchain, and is most often
+ *  backed by a private key represented by a mnemonic or residing on a Hardware Wallet.
+ *
+ *  The API remains abstract though, so that it can deal with more advanced exotic
+ *  Signing entities, such as Smart Contract Wallets or Virtual Wallets (where the
+ *  private key may not be known).
+ */
+export interface Signer extends Addressable, ContractRunner, NameResolver {
+
+    /**
+     *  The [[Provider]] attached to this Signer (if any).
+     */
+    provider: null | Provider;
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a new instance of this Signer connected to //provider// or detached
+     *  from any Provider if null.
+     */
+    connect(provider: null | Provider): Signer;
+
+
+    ////////////////////
+    // State
+
+    /**
+     *  Get the address of the Signer.
+     */
+    getAddress(): Promise<string>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Gets the next nonce required for this Signer to send a transaction.
+     *
+     *  @param blockTag - The blocktag to base the transaction count on, keep in mind
+     *         many nodes do not honour this value and silently ignore it [default: ``"latest"``]
+     */
+    getNonce(blockTag?: BlockTag): Promise<number>;
+
+
+    ////////////////////
+    // Preparation
+
+    /**
+     *  Prepares a {@link TransactionRequest} for calling:
+     *  - resolves ``to`` and ``from`` addresses
+     *  - if ``from`` is specified , check that it matches this Signer
+     *
+     *  @param tx - The call to prepare
+     */
+    populateCall(tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<TransactionLike<string>>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Prepares a {@link TransactionRequest} for sending to the network by
+     *  populating any missing properties:
+     *  - resolves ``to`` and ``from`` addresses
+     *  - if ``from`` is specified , check that it matches this Signer
+     *  - populates ``nonce`` via ``signer.getNonce("pending")``
+     *  - populates ``gasLimit`` via ``signer.estimateGas(tx)``
+     *  - populates ``chainId`` via ``signer.provider.getNetwork()``
+     *  - populates ``type`` and relevant fee data for that type (``gasPrice``
+     *    for legacy transactions, ``maxFeePerGas`` for EIP-1559, etc)
+     *
+     *  @note Some Signer implementations may skip populating properties that
+     *        are populated downstream; for example JsonRpcSigner defers to the
+     *        node to populate the nonce and fee data.
+     *
+     *  @param tx - The call to prepare
+     */
+    populateTransaction(tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<TransactionLike<string>>;
+
+
+    ////////////////////
+    // Execution
+
+    /**
+     *  Estimates the required gas required to execute //tx// on the Blockchain. This
+     *  will be the expected amount a transaction will require as its ``gasLimit``
+     *  to successfully run all the necessary computations and store the needed state
+     *  that the transaction intends.
+     *
+     *  Keep in mind that this is **best efforts**, since the state of the Blockchain
+     *  is in flux, which could affect transaction gas requirements.
+     *
+     *  @throws UNPREDICTABLE_GAS_LIMIT A transaction that is believed by the node to likely
+     *          fail will throw an error during gas estimation. This could indicate that it
+     *          will actually fail or that the circumstances are simply too complex for the
+     *          node to take into account. In these cases, a manually determined ``gasLimit``
+     *          will need to be made.
+     */
+    estimateGas(tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<bigint>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Evaluates the //tx// by running it against the current Blockchain state. This
+     *  cannot change state and has no cost in ether, as it is effectively simulating
+     *  execution.
+     *
+     *  This can be used to have the Blockchain perform computations based on its state
+     *  (e.g. running a Contract's getters) or to simulate the effect of a transaction
+     *  before actually performing an operation.
+     */
+    call(tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<string>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Resolves an ENS Name to an address.
+     */
+    resolveName(name: string): Promise<null | string>;
+
+
+    ////////////////////
+    // Signing
+
+    /**
+     *  Signs %%tx%%, returning the fully signed transaction. This does not
+     *  populate any additional properties within the transaction.
+     */
+    signTransaction(tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<string>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Sends %%tx%% to the Network. The ``signer.populateTransaction(tx)``
+     *  is called first to ensure all necessary properties for the
+     *  transaction to be valid have been popualted first.
+     */
+    sendTransaction(tx: TransactionRequest): Promise<TransactionResponse>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Signs an [[link-eip-191]] prefixed personal message.
+     *
+     *  If the %%message%% is a string, it is signed as UTF-8 encoded bytes. It is **not**
+     *  interpretted as a [[BytesLike]]; so the string ``"0x1234"`` is signed as six
+     *  characters, **not** two bytes.
+     *
+     *  To sign that example as two bytes, the Uint8Array should be used
+     *  (i.e. ``new Uint8Array([ 0x12, 0x34 ])``).
+     */
+    signMessage(message: string | Uint8Array): Promise<string>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Signs the [[link-eip-712]] typed data.
+     */
+    signTypedData(domain: TypedDataDomain, types: Record<string, Array<TypedDataField>>, value: Record<string, any>): Promise<string>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Prepares an [[AuthorizationRequest]] for authorization by
+     *  populating any missing properties:
+     *  - resolves ``address`` (if an Addressable or ENS name)
+     *  - populates ``nonce`` via ``signer.getNonce("pending")``
+     *  - populates ``chainId`` via ``signer.provider.getNetwork()``
+     */
+    populateAuthorization(auth: AuthorizationRequest): Promise<AuthorizationRequest>;
+
+    /**
+     *  Signs an %%authorization%% to be used in [[link-eip-7702]]
+     *  transactions.
+     */
+    authorize(authorization: AuthorizationRequest): Promise<Authorization>;
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/subscriber-connection.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+
+import { getNumber } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { Subscriber } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+
+
+//#TODO: Temp
+import type { Provider } from "./provider.js";
+
+/**
+ *  @TODO
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/providers/abstract-provider
+ */
+export interface ConnectionRpcProvider extends Provider {
+    //send(method: string, params: Array<any>): Promise<any>;
+    _subscribe(param: Array<any>, processFunc: (result: any) => void): number;
+    _unsubscribe(filterId: number): void;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  @TODO
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/providers/abstract-provider
+ */
+export class BlockConnectionSubscriber implements Subscriber {
+    #provider: ConnectionRpcProvider;
+    #blockNumber: number;
+
+    #running: boolean;
+
+    #filterId: null | number;
+
+    constructor(provider: ConnectionRpcProvider) {
+        this.#provider = provider;
+        this.#blockNumber = -2;
+        this.#running = false;
+        this.#filterId = null;
+    }
+
+    start(): void {
+        if (this.#running) { return; }
+        this.#running = true;
+
+        this.#filterId = this.#provider._subscribe([ "newHeads" ], (result: any) => {
+            const blockNumber = getNumber(result.number);
+            const initial = (this.#blockNumber === -2) ? blockNumber: (this.#blockNumber + 1)
+            for (let b = initial; b <= blockNumber; b++) {
+                this.#provider.emit("block", b);
+            }
+            this.#blockNumber = blockNumber;
+        });
+    }
+
+    stop(): void {
+        if (!this.#running) { return; }
+        this.#running = false;
+
+        if (this.#filterId != null) {
+            this.#provider._unsubscribe(this.#filterId);
+            this.#filterId = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pause(dropWhilePaused?: boolean): void {
+        if (dropWhilePaused) { this.#blockNumber = -2; }
+        this.stop();
+    }
+
+    resume(): void {
+        this.start();
+    }
+}
+

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/subscriber-filterid.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+import { isError } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import { PollingEventSubscriber } from "./subscriber-polling.js";
+
+import type { AbstractProvider, Subscriber } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import type { Network } from "./network.js";
+import type { EventFilter } from "./provider.js";
+import type { JsonRpcApiProvider } from "./provider-jsonrpc.js";
+
+function copy(obj: any): any {
+    return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Some backends support subscribing to events using a Filter ID.
+ *
+ *  When subscribing with this technique, the node issues a unique
+ *  //Filter ID//. At this point the node dedicates resources to
+ *  the filter, so that periodic calls to follow up on the //Filter ID//
+ *  will receive any events since the last call.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/providers/abstract-provider
+ */
+export class FilterIdSubscriber implements Subscriber {
+    #provider: JsonRpcApiProvider;
+
+    #filterIdPromise: null | Promise<string>;
+    #poller: (b: number) => Promise<void>;
+
+    #running: boolean;
+
+    #network: null | Network;
+
+    #hault: boolean;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **FilterIdSubscriber** which will used [[_subscribe]]
+     *  and [[_emitResults]] to setup the subscription and provide the event
+     *  to the %%provider%%.
+     */
+    constructor(provider: JsonRpcApiProvider) {
+        this.#provider = provider;
+
+        this.#filterIdPromise = null;
+        this.#poller = this.#poll.bind(this);
+
+        this.#running = false;
+
+        this.#network = null;
+
+        this.#hault = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Sub-classes **must** override this to begin the subscription.
+     */
+    _subscribe(provider: JsonRpcApiProvider): Promise<string> {
+        throw new Error("subclasses must override this");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Sub-classes **must** override this handle the events.
+     */
+    _emitResults(provider: AbstractProvider, result: Array<any>): Promise<void> {
+        throw new Error("subclasses must override this");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Sub-classes **must** override this handle recovery on errors.
+     */
+    _recover(provider: AbstractProvider): Subscriber {
+        throw new Error("subclasses must override this");
+    }
+
+    async #poll(blockNumber: number): Promise<void> {
+        try {
+            // Subscribe if necessary
+            if (this.#filterIdPromise == null) {
+                this.#filterIdPromise = this._subscribe(this.#provider);
+            }
+
+            // Get the Filter ID
+            let filterId: null | string = null;
+            try {
+                filterId = await this.#filterIdPromise;
+            } catch (error) {
+                if (!isError(error, "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION") || error.operation !== "eth_newFilter") {
+                    throw error;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // The backend does not support Filter ID; downgrade to
+            // polling
+            if (filterId == null) {
+                this.#filterIdPromise = null;
+                this.#provider._recoverSubscriber(this, this._recover(this.#provider));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            const network = await this.#provider.getNetwork();
+            if (!this.#network) { this.#network = network; }
+
+            if ((this.#network as Network).chainId !== network.chainId) {
+                throw new Error("chaid changed");
+            }
+
+            if (this.#hault) { return; }
+
+            const result = await this.#provider.send("eth_getFilterChanges", [ filterId ]);
+            await this._emitResults(this.#provider, result);
+        } catch (error) { console.log("@TODO", error); }
+
+        this.#provider.once("block", this.#poller);
+    }
+
+    #teardown(): void {
+        const filterIdPromise = this.#filterIdPromise;
+        if (filterIdPromise) {
+            this.#filterIdPromise = null;
+            filterIdPromise.then((filterId) => {
+                if (this.#provider.destroyed) { return; }
+                this.#provider.send("eth_uninstallFilter", [ filterId ]);
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    start(): void {
+        if (this.#running) { return; }
+        this.#running = true;
+
+        this.#poll(-2);
+    }
+
+    stop(): void {
+        if (!this.#running) { return; }
+        this.#running = false;
+
+        this.#hault = true;
+        this.#teardown();
+        this.#provider.off("block", this.#poller);
+    }
+
+    pause(dropWhilePaused?: boolean): void {
+        if (dropWhilePaused){ this.#teardown(); }
+        this.#provider.off("block", this.#poller);
+    }
+
+    resume(): void { this.start(); }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **FilterIdSubscriber** for receiving contract events.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/providers/abstract-provider
+ */
+export class FilterIdEventSubscriber extends FilterIdSubscriber {
+    #event: EventFilter;
+
+    /**
+     *  Creates a new **FilterIdEventSubscriber** attached to %%provider%%
+     *  listening for %%filter%%.
+     */
+    constructor(provider: JsonRpcApiProvider, filter: EventFilter) {
+        super(provider);
+        this.#event = copy(filter);
+    }
+
+    _recover(provider: AbstractProvider): Subscriber {
+        return new PollingEventSubscriber(provider, this.#event);
+    }
+
+    async _subscribe(provider: JsonRpcApiProvider): Promise<string> {
+        const filterId = await provider.send("eth_newFilter", [ this.#event ]);
+        return filterId;
+    }
+
+    async _emitResults(provider: JsonRpcApiProvider, results: Array<any>): Promise<void> {
+        for (const result of results) {
+            provider.emit(this.#event, provider._wrapLog(result, provider._network));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **FilterIdSubscriber** for receiving pending transactions events.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/providers/abstract-provider
+ */
+export class FilterIdPendingSubscriber extends FilterIdSubscriber {
+    async _subscribe(provider: JsonRpcApiProvider): Promise<string> {
+        return await provider.send("eth_newPendingTransactionFilter", [ ]);
+    }
+
+    async _emitResults(provider: JsonRpcApiProvider, results: Array<any>): Promise<void> {
+        for (const result of results) {
+            provider.emit("pending", result);
+        }
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/subscriber-polling.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+import { assert, isHexString } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { AbstractProvider, Subscriber } from "./abstract-provider.js";
+import type { EventFilter, OrphanFilter, ProviderEvent } from "./provider.js";
+
+function copy(obj: any): any {
+    return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Return the polling subscriber for common events.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/providers/abstract-provider
+ */
+export function getPollingSubscriber(provider: AbstractProvider, event: ProviderEvent): Subscriber {
+    if (event === "block") { return new PollingBlockSubscriber(provider); }
+    if (isHexString(event, 32)) { return new PollingTransactionSubscriber(provider, event); }
+
+    assert(false, "unsupported polling event", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
+        operation: "getPollingSubscriber", info: { event }
+    });
+}
+
+// @TODO: refactor this
+
+/**
+ *  A **PollingBlockSubscriber** polls at a regular interval for a change
+ *  in the block number.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/providers/abstract-provider
+ */
+export class PollingBlockSubscriber implements Subscriber {
+    #provider: AbstractProvider;
+    #poller: null | number;
+
+    #interval: number;
+
+    // The most recent block we have scanned for events. The value -2
+    // indicates we still need to fetch an initial block number
+    #blockNumber: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  Create a new **PollingBlockSubscriber** attached to %%provider%%.
+     */
+    constructor(provider: AbstractProvider) {
+        this.#provider = provider;
+        this.#poller = null;
+        this.#interval = 4000;
+
+        this.#blockNumber = -2;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  The polling interval.
+     */
+    get pollingInterval(): number { return this.#interval; }
+    set pollingInterval(value: number) { this.#interval = value; }
+
+    async #poll(): Promise<void> {
+        try {
+            const blockNumber = await this.#provider.getBlockNumber();
+
+            // Bootstrap poll to setup our initial block number
+            if (this.#blockNumber === -2) {
+                this.#blockNumber = blockNumber;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // @TODO: Put a cap on the maximum number of events per loop?
+
+            if (blockNumber !== this.#blockNumber) {
+                for (let b = this.#blockNumber + 1; b <= blockNumber; b++) {
+                    // We have been stopped
+                    if (this.#poller == null) { return; }
+
+                    await this.#provider.emit("block", b);
+                }
+
+                this.#blockNumber = blockNumber;
+            }
+
+        } catch (error) {
+            // @TODO: Minor bump, add an "error" event to let subscribers
+            //        know things went awry.
+            //console.log(error);
+        }
+
+        // We have been stopped
+        if (this.#poller == null) { return; }
+
+        this.#poller = this.#provider._setTimeout(this.#poll.bind(this), this.#interval);
+    }
+
+    start(): void {
+        if (this.#poller) { return; }
+        this.#poller = this.#provider._setTimeout(this.#poll.bind(this), this.#interval);
+        this.#poll();
+    }
+
+    stop(): void {
+        if (!this.#poller) { return; }
+        this.#provider._clearTimeout(this.#poller);
+        this.#poller = null;
+    }
+
+    pause(dropWhilePaused?: boolean): void {
+        this.stop();
+        if (dropWhilePaused) { this.#blockNumber = -2; }
+    }
+
+    resume(): void {
+        this.start();
+    }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ *  An **OnBlockSubscriber** can be sub-classed, with a [[_poll]]
+ *  implmentation which will be called on every new block.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/providers/abstract-provider
+ */
+export class OnBlockSubscriber implements Subscriber {
+    #provider: AbstractProvider;
+    #poll: (b: number) => void;
+    #running: boolean;
+
+    /**
+     *  Create a new **OnBlockSubscriber** attached to %%provider%%.
+     */
+    constructor(provider: AbstractProvider) {
+        this.#provider = provider;
+        this.#running = false;
+        this.#poll = (blockNumber: number) => {
+            this._poll(blockNumber, this.#provider);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Called on every new block.
+     */
+    async _poll(blockNumber: number, provider: AbstractProvider): Promise<void> {
+        throw new Error("sub-classes must override this");
+    }
+
+    start(): void {
+        if (this.#running) { return; }
+        this.#running = true;
+
+        this.#poll(-2);
+        this.#provider.on("block", this.#poll);
+    }
+
+    stop(): void {
+        if (!this.#running) { return; }
+        this.#running = false;
+
+        this.#provider.off("block", this.#poll);
+    }
+
+    pause(dropWhilePaused?: boolean): void { this.stop(); }
+    resume(): void { this.start(); }
+}
+
+export class PollingBlockTagSubscriber extends OnBlockSubscriber {
+    readonly #tag: string;
+    #lastBlock: number;
+
+    constructor(provider: AbstractProvider, tag: string) {
+        super(provider);
+        this.#tag = tag;
+        this.#lastBlock = -2;
+    }
+
+    pause(dropWhilePaused?: boolean): void {
+        if (dropWhilePaused) { this.#lastBlock = -2; }
+        super.pause(dropWhilePaused);
+    }
+
+    async _poll(blockNumber: number, provider: AbstractProvider): Promise<void> {
+        const block = await provider.getBlock(this.#tag);
+        if (block == null) { return; }
+
+        if (this.#lastBlock === -2) {
+            this.#lastBlock = block.number;
+        } else if (block.number > this.#lastBlock) {
+            provider.emit(this.#tag, block.number);
+            this.#lastBlock = block.number;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ *  @_ignore:
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/providers/abstract-provider
+ */
+export class PollingOrphanSubscriber extends OnBlockSubscriber {
+    #filter: OrphanFilter;
+
+    constructor(provider: AbstractProvider, filter: OrphanFilter) {
+        super(provider);
+        this.#filter = copy(filter);
+    }
+
+    async _poll(blockNumber: number, provider: AbstractProvider): Promise<void> {
+        throw new Error("@TODO");
+        console.log(this.#filter);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **PollingTransactionSubscriber** will poll for a given transaction
+ *  hash for its receipt.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/providers/abstract-provider
+ */
+export class PollingTransactionSubscriber extends OnBlockSubscriber {
+    #hash: string;
+
+    /**
+     *  Create a new **PollingTransactionSubscriber** attached to
+     *  %%provider%%, listening for %%hash%%.
+     */
+    constructor(provider: AbstractProvider, hash: string) {
+        super(provider);
+        this.#hash = hash;
+    }
+
+    async _poll(blockNumber: number, provider: AbstractProvider): Promise<void> {
+        const tx = await provider.getTransactionReceipt(this.#hash);
+        if (tx) { provider.emit(this.#hash, tx); }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ *  A **PollingEventSubscriber** will poll for a given filter for its logs.
+ *
+ *  @_docloc: api/providers/abstract-provider
+ */
+export class PollingEventSubscriber implements Subscriber {
+    #provider: AbstractProvider;
+    #filter: EventFilter;
+    #poller: (b: number) => void;
+
+    #running: boolean;
+
+    // The most recent block we have scanned for events. The value -2
+    // indicates we still need to fetch an initial block number
+    #blockNumber: number;
+
+    /**
+     *  Create a new **PollingTransactionSubscriber** attached to
+     *  %%provider%%, listening for %%filter%%.
+     */
+    constructor(provider: AbstractProvider, filter: EventFilter) {
+        this.#provider = provider;
+        this.#filter = copy(filter);
+        this.#poller = this.#poll.bind(this);
+        this.#running = false;
+        this.#blockNumber = -2;
+    }
+
+    async #poll(blockNumber: number): Promise<void> {
+        // The initial block hasn't been determined yet
+        if (this.#blockNumber === -2) { return; }
+
+        const filter = copy(this.#filter);
+        filter.fromBlock = this.#blockNumber + 1;
+        filter.toBlock = blockNumber;
+
+        const logs = await this.#provider.getLogs(filter);
+
+        // No logs could just mean the node has not indexed them yet,
+        // so we keep a sliding window of 60 blocks to keep scanning
+        if (logs.length === 0) {
+            if (this.#blockNumber < blockNumber - 60) {
+                this.#blockNumber = blockNumber - 60;
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (const log of logs) {
+            this.#provider.emit(this.#filter, log);
+
+            // Only advance the block number when logs were found to
+            // account for networks (like BNB and Polygon) which may
+            // sacrifice event consistency for block event speed
+            this.#blockNumber = log.blockNumber;
+        }
+    }
+
+    start(): void {
+        if (this.#running) { return; }
+        this.#running = true;
+
+        if (this.#blockNumber === -2) {
+            this.#provider.getBlockNumber().then((blockNumber) => {
+                this.#blockNumber = blockNumber;
+            });
+        }
+        this.#provider.on("block", this.#poller);
+    }
+
+    stop(): void {
+        if (!this.#running) { return; }
+        this.#running = false;
+
+        this.#provider.off("block", this.#poller);
+    }
+
+    pause(dropWhilePaused?: boolean): void {
+        this.stop();
+        if (dropWhilePaused) { this.#blockNumber = -2; }
+    }
+
+    resume(): void {
+        this.start();
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/ws-browser.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+function getGlobal(): any {
+  if (typeof self !== 'undefined') { return self; }
+  if (typeof window !== 'undefined') { return window; }
+  if (typeof global !== 'undefined') { return global; }
+  throw new Error('unable to locate global object');
+};
+
+const _WebSocket = getGlobal().WebSocket;
+
+export { _WebSocket as WebSocket };

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/providers/ws.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export { WebSocket } from "ws";
+
+

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/thirdparty.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+
+declare module "ws" {
+    export class WebSocket {
+        constructor(...args: Array<any>);
+
+        onopen: null | ((...args: Array<any>) => any);
+        onmessage: null | ((...args: Array<any>) => any);
+        onerror: null | ((...args: Array<any>) => any);
+
+        readyState: number;
+
+        send(payload: any): void;
+        close(code?: number, reason?: string): void;
+    }
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/transaction/accesslist.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { getAddress } from "../address/index.js";
+import { assertArgument, isHexString } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { AccessList, AccessListish } from "./index.js";
+
+
+function accessSetify(addr: string, storageKeys: Array<string>): { address: string,storageKeys: Array<string> } {
+    return {
+        address: getAddress(addr),
+        storageKeys: storageKeys.map((storageKey, index) => {
+            assertArgument(isHexString(storageKey, 32), "invalid slot", `storageKeys[${ index }]`, storageKey);
+            return storageKey.toLowerCase();
+        })
+    };
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Returns a [[AccessList]] from any ethers-supported access-list structure.
+ */
+export function accessListify(value: AccessListish): AccessList {
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+        return (<Array<[ string, Array<string>] | { address: string, storageKeys: Array<string>}>>value).map((set, index) => {
+            if (Array.isArray(set)) {
+                assertArgument(set.length === 2, "invalid slot set", `value[${ index }]`, set);
+                return accessSetify(set[0], set[1])
+            }
+            assertArgument(set != null && typeof(set) === "object", "invalid address-slot set", "value", value);
+            return accessSetify(set.address, set.storageKeys);
+        });
+    }
+
+    assertArgument(value != null && typeof(value) === "object", "invalid access list", "value", value);
+
+    const result: Array<{ address: string, storageKeys: Array<string> }> = Object.keys(value).map((addr) => {
+        const storageKeys: Record<string, true> = value[addr].reduce((accum, storageKey) => {
+            accum[storageKey] = true;
+            return accum;
+        }, <Record<string, true>>{ });
+        return accessSetify(addr, Object.keys(storageKeys).sort())
+    });
+    result.sort((a, b) => (a.address.localeCompare(b.address)));
+    return result;
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/transaction/address.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { getAddress } from "../address/index.js";
+import { keccak256, SigningKey } from "../crypto/index.js";
+
+import type { SignatureLike } from "../crypto/index.js";
+import type { BytesLike } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+/**
+ *  Returns the address for the %%key%%.
+ *
+ *  The key may be any standard form of public key or a private key.
+ */
+export function computeAddress(key: string | SigningKey): string {
+    let pubkey: string;
+    if (typeof(key) === "string") {
+        pubkey = SigningKey.computePublicKey(key, false);
+    } else {
+        pubkey = key.publicKey;
+    }
+    return getAddress(keccak256("0x" + pubkey.substring(4)).substring(26));
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Returns the recovered address for the private key that was
+ *  used to sign %%digest%% that resulted in %%signature%%.
+ */
+export function recoverAddress(digest: BytesLike, signature: SignatureLike): string {
+    return computeAddress(SigningKey.recoverPublicKey(digest, signature));
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/transaction/authorization.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import { getAddress } from "../address/index.js";
+import { Signature } from "../crypto/index.js";
+import { getBigInt } from "../utils/index.js";
+
+import type { Authorization, AuthorizationLike } from "./index.js";
+
+export function authorizationify(auth: AuthorizationLike): Authorization {
+    return {
+        address: getAddress(auth.address),
+        nonce: getBigInt((auth.nonce != null) ? auth.nonce: 0),
+        chainId: getBigInt((auth.chainId != null)? auth.chainId: 0),
+        signature: Signature.from(auth.signature)
+    };
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/transaction/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/**
+ *  Each state-changing operation on Ethereum requires a transaction.
+ *
+ *  @_section api/transaction:Transactions  [about-transactions]
+ */
+
+null;
+
+import type { BigNumberish } from "../utils/maths.js";
+import type { Signature, SignatureLike } from "../crypto/index.js";
+
+/**
+ *  A single [[AccessList]] entry of storage keys (slots) for an address.
+ */
+export type AccessListEntry = { address: string, storageKeys: Array<string> };
+
+/**
+ *  An ordered collection of [[AccessList]] entries.
+ */
+export type AccessList = Array<AccessListEntry>;
+
+/**
+ *  Any ethers-supported access list structure.
+ */
+export type AccessListish = AccessList |
+                            Array<[ string, Array<string> ]> |
+                            Record<string, Array<string>>;
+
+// Keep here?
+export interface Authorization {
+    address: string;
+    nonce: bigint;
+    chainId: bigint;
+    signature: Signature;
+}
+
+export type AuthorizationLike = {
+    address: string;
+    nonce: BigNumberish;
+    chainId: BigNumberish;
+    signature: SignatureLike
+};
+
+export { accessListify } from "./accesslist.js";
+export { authorizationify } from "./authorization.js";
+export { computeAddress, recoverAddress } from "./address.js";
+export { Transaction } from "./transaction.js";
+
+export type {
+    Blob, BlobLike, KzgLibrary, KzgLibraryLike, TransactionLike
+} from "./transaction.js";

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/utils/base58.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ *  The [Base58 Encoding](link-base58) scheme allows a **numeric** value
+ *  to be encoded as a compact string using a radix of 58 using only
+ *  alpha-numeric characters. Confusingly similar characters are omitted
+ *  (i.e. ``"l0O"``).
+ *
+ *  Note that Base58 encodes a **numeric** value, not arbitrary bytes,
+ *  since any zero-bytes on the left would get removed. To mitigate this
+ *  issue most schemes that use Base58 choose specific high-order values
+ *  to ensure non-zero prefixes.
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/utils:Base58 Encoding [about-base58]
+ */
+
+import { getBytes } from "./data.js";
+import { assertArgument } from "./errors.js";
+import { toBigInt } from "./maths.js";
+
+import type { BytesLike } from "./index.js";
+
+
+const Alphabet = "123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+let Lookup: null | Record<string, bigint> = null;
+
+function getAlpha(letter: string): bigint {
+    if (Lookup == null) {
+        Lookup = { };
+        for (let i = 0; i < Alphabet.length; i++) {
+            Lookup[Alphabet[i]] = BigInt(i);
+        }
+    }
+    const result = Lookup[letter];
+    assertArgument(result != null, `invalid base58 value`, "letter", letter);
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+const BN_0 = BigInt(0);
+const BN_58 = BigInt(58);
+
+/**
+ *  Encode %%value%% as a Base58-encoded string.
+ */
+export function encodeBase58(_value: BytesLike): string {
+    const bytes = getBytes(_value);
+
+    let value = toBigInt(bytes);
+    let result = "";
+    while (value) {
+        result = Alphabet[Number(value % BN_58)] + result;
+        value /= BN_58;
+    }
+
+    // Account for leading padding zeros
+    for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+        if (bytes[i]) { break; }
+        result = Alphabet[0] + result;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Decode the Base58-encoded %%value%%.
+ */
+export function decodeBase58(value: string): bigint {
+    let result = BN_0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
+        result *= BN_58;
+        result += getAlpha(value[i]);
+    }
+    return result;
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/utils/base64-browser.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+// utils/base64-browser
+
+import { getBytes } from "./data.js";
+
+import type { BytesLike } from "./data.js";
+
+
+export function decodeBase64(textData: string): Uint8Array {
+    textData = atob(textData);
+    const data = new Uint8Array(textData.length);
+    for (let i = 0; i < textData.length; i++) {
+        data[i] = textData.charCodeAt(i);
+    }
+    return getBytes(data);
+}
+
+export function encodeBase64(_data: BytesLike): string {
+    const data = getBytes(_data);
+    let textData = "";
+    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+        textData += String.fromCharCode(data[i]);
+    }
+    return btoa(textData);
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/utils/base64.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/**
+ *  [Base64 encoding](link-wiki-base64) using 6-bit words to encode
+ *  arbitrary bytes into a string using 65 printable symbols, the
+ *  upper-case and lower-case alphabet, the digits ``0`` through ``9``,
+ *  ``"+"`` and ``"/"`` with the ``"="`` used for padding.
+ *
+ *  @_subsection: api/utils:Base64 Encoding  [about-base64]
+ */
+import { getBytes, getBytesCopy } from "./data.js";
+
+import type { BytesLike } from "./data.js";
+
+
+/**
+ *  Decodes the base-64 encoded %%value%%.
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    // The decoded value is always binary data...
+ *    result = decodeBase64("SGVsbG8gV29ybGQhIQ==")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // ...use toUtf8String to convert it to a string.
+ *    toUtf8String(result)
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Decoding binary data
+ *    decodeBase64("EjQ=")
+ *    //_result:
+ */
+export function decodeBase64(value: string): Uint8Array {
+    return getBytesCopy(Buffer.from(value, "base64"));
+};
+
+/**
+ *  Encodes %%data%% as a base-64 encoded string.
+ *
+ *  @example:
+ *    // Encoding binary data as a hexstring
+ *    encodeBase64("0x1234")
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // Encoding binary data as a Uint8Array
+ *    encodeBase64(new Uint8Array([ 0x12, 0x34 ]))
+ *    //_result:
+ *
+ *    // The input MUST be data...
+ *    encodeBase64("Hello World!!")
+ *    //_error:
+ *
+ *    // ...use toUtf8Bytes for this.
+ *    encodeBase64(toUtf8Bytes("Hello World!!"))
+ *    //_result:
+ */
+export function encodeBase64(data: BytesLike): string {
+    return Buffer.from(getBytes(data)).toString("base64");
+}

dev/env/node_modules/ethers/src.ts/utils/data.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+/**
+ *  Some data helpers.
+ *
+ *
+ *  @_subsection api/utils:Data Helpers  [about-data]
+ */
+import { assert, assertArgument } from "./errors.js";
+
+/**
+ *  A [[HexString]] whose length is even, which ensures it is a valid
+ *  representation of binary data.
+ */
+export type DataHexString = string;
+
+/**
+ *  A string which is prefixed with ``0x`` and followed by any number
+ *  of case-agnostic hexadecimal characters.
+ *
+ *  It must match the regular expression ``/0x[0-9A-Fa-f]*\/``.
+ */
+export type HexString = string;
+
+/**
+ *  An object that can be used to represent binary data.
+ */
+export type BytesLike = DataHexString | Uint8Array;
+
+function _getBytes(value: BytesLike, name?: string, copy?: boolean): Uint8Array {
+    if (value instanceof Uint8Array) {
+        if (copy) { return new Uint8Array(value); }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof(value) === "string" && (value.length % 2) === 0 &&
+      value.match(/^0x[0-9a-f]*$/i)) {
+        const result = new Uint8Array((value.length - 2) / 2);
+        let offset = 2;
+        for (let i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
+            result[i] = parseInt(value.substring(offset, offset + 2), 16);
+            offset += 2;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    assertArgument(false, "invalid BytesLike value", name || "value", value);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Get a typed Uint8Array for %%value%%. If already a Uint8Array
+ *  the original %%value%% is returned; if a copy is required use
+ *  [[getBytesCopy]].
+ *
+ *  @see: getBytesCopy
+ */
+export function getBytes(value: BytesLike, name?: string): Uint8Array {
+    return _getBytes(value, name, false);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Get a typed Uint8Array for %%value%%, creating a copy if necessary
+ *  to prevent any modifications of the returned value from being
+ *  reflected elsewhere.
+ *
+ *  @see: getBytes
+ */
+export function getBytesCopy(value: BytesLike, name?: string): Uint8Array {
+    return _getBytes(value, name, true);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ *  Returns true if %%value%% is a valid [[HexString]].
+ *
+ *  If %%length%% is ``true`` or a //number//, it also checks that
+ *  %%value%% is a valid [[DataHexString]] of %%length%% (if a //number//)
+ *  bytes of data (e.g. ``0x1234`` is 2 bytes).
+ */
+export function isHexString(value: any, length?: number | boolean): value is `0x${ string }` {
+    if (typeof(value) !== "string" || !value.match(/^0x[0-9A-Fa-f]*$/)) {
+        return false
+    }
+
+    if (typeof(length) === "number" && value.length !== 2 + 2 * length) { return false; }
+    if (length === true && (value.length % 2) !== 0) { return false; }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Returns true if %%value%% is a valid representation of arbitrary
+ *  data (i.e. a valid [[DataHexString]] or a Uint8Array).
+ */
+export function isBytesLike(value: any): value is BytesLike {
+    return (isHexString(value, true) || (value instanceof Uint8Array));
+}
+
+const HexCharacters: string = "0123456789abcdef";
+
+/**
+ *  Returns a [[DataHexString]] representation of %%data%%.
+ */
+export function hexlify(data: BytesLike): string {
+    const bytes = getBytes(data);
+
+    let result = "0x";
+    for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+        const v = bytes[i];
+        result += HexCharacters[(v & 0xf0) >> 4] + HexCharacters[v & 0x0f];
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Returns a [[DataHexString]] by concatenating all values
+ *  within %%data%%.
+ */
+export function concat(datas: ReadonlyArray<BytesLike>): string {
+    return "0x" + datas.map((d) => hexlify(d).substring(2)).join("");
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Returns the length of %%data%%, in bytes.
+ */
+export function dataLength(data: BytesLike): number {
+    if (isHexString(data, true)) { return (data.length - 2) / 2; }
+    return getBytes(data).length;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Returns a [[DataHexString]] by slicing %%data%% from the %%start%%
+ *  offset to the %%end%% offset.
+ *
+ *  By default %%start%% is 0 and %%end%% is the length of %%data%%.
+ */
+export function dataSlice(data: BytesLike, start?: number, end?: number): string {
+    const bytes = getBytes(data);
+    if (end != null && end > bytes.length) {
+        assert(false, "cannot slice beyond data bounds", "BUFFER_OVERRUN", {
+            buffer: bytes, length: bytes.length, offset: end
+        });
+    }
+    return hexlify(bytes.slice((start == null) ? 0: start, (end == null) ? bytes.length: end));
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Return the [[DataHexString]] result by stripping all **leading**
+ ** zero bytes from %%data%%.
+ */
+export function stripZerosLeft(data: BytesLike): string {
+    let bytes = hexlify(data).substring(2);
+    while (bytes.startsWith("00")) { bytes = bytes.substring(2); }
+    return "0x" + bytes;
+}
+
+function zeroPad(data: BytesLike, length: number, left: boolean): string {
+    const bytes = getBytes(data);
+    assert(length >= bytes.length, "padding exceeds data length", "BUFFER_OVERRUN", {
+        buffer: new Uint8Array(bytes),
+        length: length,
+        offset: length + 1
+    });
+
+    const result = new Uint8Array(length);
+    result.fill(0);
+    if (left) {
+        result.set(bytes, length - bytes.length);
+    } else {
+        result.set(bytes, 0);
+    }
+
+    return hexlify(result);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Return the [[DataHexString]] of %%data%% padded on the **left**
+ *  to %%length%% bytes.
+ *
+ *  If %%data%% already exceeds %%length%%, a [[BufferOverrunError]] is
+ *  thrown.
+ *
+ *  This pads data the same as **values** are in Solidity
+ *  (e.g. ``uint128``).
+ */
+export function zeroPadValue(data: BytesLike, length: number): string {
+    return zeroPad(data, length, true);
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Return the [[DataHexString]] of %%data%% padded on the **right**
+ *  to %%length%% bytes.
+ *
+ *  If %%data%% already exceeds %%length%%, a [[BufferOverrunError]] is
+ *  thrown.
+ *
+ *  This pads data the same as **bytes** are in Solidity
+ *  (e.g. ``bytes16``).
+ */
+export function zeroPadBytes(data: BytesLike, length: number): string {
+    return zeroPad(data, length, false);
+}