feat: add marketplace metrics, privacy features, and service registry endpoints
- Add Prometheus metrics for marketplace API throughput and error rates with new dashboard panels - Implement confidential transaction models with encryption support and access control - Add key management system with registration, rotation, and audit logging - Create services and registry routers for service discovery and management - Integrate ZK proof generation for privacy-preserving receipts - Add metrics instru
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356
research/prototypes/sharding/beacon_chain.py
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356
research/prototypes/sharding/beacon_chain.py
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"""
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Beacon Chain for Sharding Architecture
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Coordinates shard chains and manages cross-shard transactions
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"""
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import asyncio
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import json
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import hashlib
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import time
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from datetime import datetime, timedelta
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from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set
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from dataclasses import dataclass, asdict
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from enum import Enum
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import random
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import logging
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logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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class ShardStatus(Enum):
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"""Shard chain status"""
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ACTIVE = "active"
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SYNCING = "syncing"
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OFFLINE = "offline"
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@dataclass
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class ShardInfo:
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"""Information about a shard"""
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shard_id: int
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status: ShardStatus
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validator_count: int
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last_checkpoint: int
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gas_price: int
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transaction_count: int
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cross_shard_txs: int
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@dataclass
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class CrossShardTransaction:
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"""Cross-shard transaction"""
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tx_hash: str
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from_shard: int
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to_shard: int
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sender: str
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receiver: str
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amount: int
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data: str
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nonce: int
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timestamp: datetime
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status: str = "pending"
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@dataclass
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class Checkpoint:
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"""Beacon chain checkpoint"""
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epoch: int
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shard_roots: Dict[int, str]
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cross_shard_roots: List[str]
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validator_set: List[str]
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timestamp: datetime
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class BeaconChain:
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"""Beacon chain for coordinating shards"""
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def __init__(self, num_shards: int = 64):
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self.num_shards = num_shards
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self.shards: Dict[int, ShardInfo] = {}
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self.current_epoch = 0
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self.checkpoints: List[Checkpoint] = []
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self.cross_shard_pool: List[CrossShardTransaction] = []
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self.validators: Set[str] = set()
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self.randao = None
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# Initialize shards
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self._initialize_shards()
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def _initialize_shards(self):
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"""Initialize all shards"""
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for i in range(self.num_shards):
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self.shards[i] = ShardInfo(
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shard_id=i,
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status=ShardStatus.ACTIVE,
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validator_count=100,
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last_checkpoint=0,
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gas_price=20 * 10**9, # 20 gwei
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transaction_count=0,
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cross_shard_txs=0
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)
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def add_validator(self, validator_address: str):
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"""Add a validator to the beacon chain"""
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self.validators.add(validator_address)
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logger.info(f"Added validator: {validator_address}")
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def remove_validator(self, validator_address: str):
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"""Remove a validator from the beacon chain"""
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self.validators.discard(validator_address)
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logger.info(f"Removed validator: {validator_address}")
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def get_shard_for_address(self, address: str) -> int:
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"""Determine which shard an address belongs to"""
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hash_bytes = hashlib.sha256(address.encode()).digest()
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shard_id = int.from_bytes(hash_bytes[:4], byteorder='big') % self.num_shards
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return shard_id
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def submit_cross_shard_transaction(
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self,
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from_shard: int,
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to_shard: int,
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sender: str,
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receiver: str,
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amount: int,
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data: str = ""
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) -> str:
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"""Submit a cross-shard transaction"""
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# Generate transaction hash
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tx_data = {
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"from_shard": from_shard,
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"to_shard": to_shard,
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"sender": sender,
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"receiver": receiver,
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"amount": amount,
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"data": data,
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"nonce": len(self.cross_shard_pool),
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"timestamp": datetime.utcnow().isoformat()
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}
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tx_hash = hashlib.sha256(json.dumps(tx_data, sort_keys=True).encode()).hexdigest()
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# Create cross-shard transaction
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cross_tx = CrossShardTransaction(
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tx_hash=tx_hash,
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from_shard=from_shard,
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to_shard=to_shard,
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sender=sender,
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receiver=receiver,
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amount=amount,
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data=data,
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nonce=len(self.cross_shard_pool),
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timestamp=datetime.utcnow()
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)
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# Add to pool
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self.cross_shard_pool.append(cross_tx)
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# Update shard metrics
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if from_shard in self.shards:
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self.shards[from_shard].cross_shard_txs += 1
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if to_shard in self.shards:
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self.shards[to_shard].cross_shard_txs += 1
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logger.info(f"Submitted cross-shard tx {tx_hash[:8]} from shard {from_shard} to {to_shard}")
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return tx_hash
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async def process_cross_shard_transactions(self) -> List[str]:
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"""Process pending cross-shard transactions"""
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processed = []
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# Group transactions by destination shard
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shard_groups = {}
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for tx in self.cross_shard_pool:
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if tx.status == "pending":
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if tx.to_shard not in shard_groups:
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shard_groups[tx.to_shard] = []
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shard_groups[tx.to_shard].append(tx)
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# Process each group
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for shard_id, transactions in shard_groups.items():
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if len(transactions) > 0:
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# Create batch for shard
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batch_hash = self._create_batch_hash(transactions)
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# Submit to shard (simulated)
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success = await self._submit_to_shard(shard_id, batch_hash, transactions)
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if success:
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for tx in transactions:
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tx.status = "processed"
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processed.append(tx.tx_hash)
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logger.info(f"Processed {len(processed)} cross-shard transactions")
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return processed
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def _create_batch_hash(self, transactions: List[CrossShardTransaction]) -> str:
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"""Create hash for transaction batch"""
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tx_hashes = [tx.tx_hash for tx in transactions]
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combined = "".join(sorted(tx_hashes))
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return hashlib.sha256(combined.encode()).hexdigest()
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async def _submit_to_shard(
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self,
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shard_id: int,
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batch_hash: str,
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transactions: List[CrossShardTransaction]
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) -> bool:
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"""Submit batch to shard (simulated)"""
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# Simulate network delay
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await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
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# Simulate success rate
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return random.random() > 0.05 # 95% success rate
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def create_checkpoint(self) -> Checkpoint:
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"""Create a new checkpoint"""
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self.current_epoch += 1
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# Collect shard roots (simulated)
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shard_roots = {}
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for shard_id in range(self.num_shards):
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shard_roots[shard_id] = f"root_{shard_id}_{self.current_epoch}"
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# Collect cross-shard transaction roots
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cross_shard_txs = [tx for tx in self.cross_shard_pool if tx.status == "processed"]
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cross_shard_roots = [tx.tx_hash for tx in cross_shard_txs[-100:]] # Last 100
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# Create checkpoint
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checkpoint = Checkpoint(
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epoch=self.current_epoch,
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shard_roots=shard_roots,
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cross_shard_roots=cross_shard_roots,
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validator_set=list(self.validators),
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timestamp=datetime.utcnow()
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)
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self.checkpoints.append(checkpoint)
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# Update shard checkpoint info
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for shard_id in range(self.num_shards):
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if shard_id in self.shards:
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self.shards[shard_id].last_checkpoint = self.current_epoch
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logger.info(f"Created checkpoint {self.current_epoch} with {len(cross_shard_roots)} cross-shard txs")
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return checkpoint
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def get_shard_info(self, shard_id: int) -> Optional[ShardInfo]:
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"""Get information about a specific shard"""
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return self.shards.get(shard_id)
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def get_all_shards(self) -> Dict[int, ShardInfo]:
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"""Get information about all shards"""
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return self.shards.copy()
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def get_cross_shard_pool_size(self) -> int:
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"""Get number of pending cross-shard transactions"""
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return len([tx for tx in self.cross_shard_pool if tx.status == "pending"])
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def get_network_stats(self) -> Dict:
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"""Get network-wide statistics"""
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total_txs = sum(shard.transaction_count for shard in self.shards.values())
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total_cross_txs = sum(shard.cross_shard_txs for shard in self.shards.values())
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avg_gas_price = sum(shard.gas_price for shard in self.shards.values()) / len(self.shards)
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return {
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"epoch": self.current_epoch,
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"total_shards": self.num_shards,
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"active_shards": sum(1 for s in self.shards.values() if s.status == ShardStatus.ACTIVE),
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"total_transactions": total_txs,
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"cross_shard_transactions": total_cross_txs,
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"pending_cross_shard": self.get_cross_shard_pool_size(),
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"average_gas_price": avg_gas_price,
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"validator_count": len(self.validators),
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"checkpoints": len(self.checkpoints)
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}
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async def run_epoch(self):
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"""Run a single epoch"""
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logger.info(f"Starting epoch {self.current_epoch + 1}")
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# Process cross-shard transactions
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await self.process_cross_shard_transactions()
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# Create checkpoint
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self.create_checkpoint()
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# Randomly update shard metrics
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for shard in self.shards.values():
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shard.transaction_count += random.randint(100, 1000)
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shard.gas_price = max(10 * 10**9, shard.gas_price + random.randint(-5, 5) * 10**9)
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def simulate_load(self, duration_seconds: int = 60):
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"""Simulate network load"""
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logger.info(f"Simulating load for {duration_seconds} seconds")
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start_time = time.time()
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tx_count = 0
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while time.time() - start_time < duration_seconds:
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# Generate random cross-shard transactions
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for _ in range(random.randint(5, 20)):
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from_shard = random.randint(0, self.num_shards - 1)
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to_shard = random.randint(0, self.num_shards - 1)
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if from_shard != to_shard:
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self.submit_cross_shard_transaction(
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from_shard=from_shard,
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to_shard=to_shard,
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sender=f"user_{random.randint(0, 9999)}",
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receiver=f"user_{random.randint(0, 9999)}",
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amount=random.randint(1, 1000) * 10**18,
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data=f"transfer_{tx_count}"
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)
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tx_count += 1
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# Small delay
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time.sleep(0.1)
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logger.info(f"Generated {tx_count} cross-shard transactions")
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return tx_count
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async def main():
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"""Main function to run beacon chain simulation"""
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logger.info("Starting Beacon Chain Sharding Simulation")
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# Create beacon chain
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beacon = BeaconChain(num_shards=64)
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# Add validators
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for i in range(100):
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beacon.add_validator(f"validator_{i:03d}")
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# Simulate initial load
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beacon.simulate_load(duration_seconds=5)
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# Run epochs
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for epoch in range(5):
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await beacon.run_epoch()
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# Print stats
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stats = beacon.get_network_stats()
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logger.info(f"Epoch {epoch} Stats:")
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logger.info(f" Total Transactions: {stats['total_transactions']}")
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logger.info(f" Cross-Shard TXs: {stats['cross_shard_transactions']}")
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logger.info(f" Pending Cross-Shard: {stats['pending_cross_shard']}")
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logger.info(f" Active Shards: {stats['active_shards']}/{stats['total_shards']}")
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# Simulate more load
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beacon.simulate_load(duration_seconds=2)
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# Print final stats
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final_stats = beacon.get_network_stats()
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logger.info("\n=== Final Network Statistics ===")
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for key, value in final_stats.items():
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logger.info(f"{key}: {value}")
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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asyncio.run(main())
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