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from __future__ import annotations
import email
import logging
import random
import re
import time
import typing
from itertools import takewhile
from types import TracebackType
from ..exceptions import (
ConnectTimeoutError,
InvalidHeader,
MaxRetryError,
ProtocolError,
ProxyError,
ReadTimeoutError,
ResponseError,
)
from .util import reraise
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from typing_extensions import Self
from ..connectionpool import ConnectionPool
from ..response import BaseHTTPResponse
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# Data structure for representing the metadata of requests that result in a retry.
class RequestHistory(typing.NamedTuple):
method: str | None
url: str | None
error: Exception | None
status: int | None
redirect_location: str | None
class Retry:
"""Retry configuration.
Each retry attempt will create a new Retry object with updated values, so
they can be safely reused.
Retries can be defined as a default for a pool:
.. code-block:: python
retries = Retry(connect=5, read=2, redirect=5)
http = PoolManager(retries=retries)
response = http.request("GET", "https://example.com/")
Or per-request (which overrides the default for the pool):
.. code-block:: python
response = http.request("GET", "https://example.com/", retries=Retry(10))
Retries can be disabled by passing ``False``:
.. code-block:: python
response = http.request("GET", "https://example.com/", retries=False)
Errors will be wrapped in :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` unless
retries are disabled, in which case the causing exception will be raised.
:param int total:
Total number of retries to allow. Takes precedence over other counts.
Set to ``None`` to remove this constraint and fall back on other
counts.
Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry.
Set to ``False`` to disable and imply ``raise_on_redirect=False``.
:param int connect:
How many connection-related errors to retry on.
These are errors raised before the request is sent to the remote server,
which we assume has not triggered the server to process the request.
Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
:param int read:
How many times to retry on read errors.
These errors are raised after the request was sent to the server, so the
request may have side-effects.
Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
:param int redirect:
How many redirects to perform. Limit this to avoid infinite redirect
loops.
A redirect is a HTTP response with a status code 301, 302, 303, 307 or
308.
Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
Set to ``False`` to disable and imply ``raise_on_redirect=False``.
:param int status:
How many times to retry on bad status codes.
These are retries made on responses, where status code matches
``status_forcelist``.
Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
:param int other:
How many times to retry on other errors.
Other errors are errors that are not connect, read, redirect or status errors.
These errors might be raised after the request was sent to the server, so the
request might have side-effects.
Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
If ``total`` is not set, it's a good idea to set this to 0 to account
for unexpected edge cases and avoid infinite retry loops.
:param Collection allowed_methods:
Set of uppercased HTTP method verbs that we should retry on.
By default, we only retry on methods which are considered to be
idempotent (multiple requests with the same parameters end with the
same state). See :attr:`Retry.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS`.
Set to a ``None`` value to retry on any verb.
:param Collection status_forcelist:
A set of integer HTTP status codes that we should force a retry on.
A retry is initiated if the request method is in ``allowed_methods``
and the response status code is in ``status_forcelist``.
By default, this is disabled with ``None``.
:param float backoff_factor:
A backoff factor to apply between attempts after the second try
(most errors are resolved immediately by a second try without a
delay). urllib3 will sleep for::
{backoff factor} * (2 ** ({number of previous retries}))
seconds. If `backoff_jitter` is non-zero, this sleep is extended by::
random.uniform(0, {backoff jitter})
seconds. For example, if the backoff_factor is 0.1, then :func:`Retry.sleep` will
sleep for [0.0s, 0.2s, 0.4s, 0.8s, ...] between retries. No backoff will ever
be longer than `backoff_max`.
By default, backoff is disabled (factor set to 0).
:param bool raise_on_redirect: Whether, if the number of redirects is
exhausted, to raise a MaxRetryError, or to return a response with a
response code in the 3xx range.
:param bool raise_on_status: Similar meaning to ``raise_on_redirect``:
whether we should raise an exception, or return a response,
if status falls in ``status_forcelist`` range and retries have
been exhausted.
:param tuple history: The history of the request encountered during
each call to :meth:`~Retry.increment`. The list is in the order
the requests occurred. Each list item is of class :class:`RequestHistory`.
:param bool respect_retry_after_header:
Whether to respect Retry-After header on status codes defined as
:attr:`Retry.RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES` or not.
:param Collection remove_headers_on_redirect:
Sequence of headers to remove from the request when a response
indicating a redirect is returned before firing off the redirected
request.
"""
#: Default methods to be used for ``allowed_methods``
DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS = frozenset(
["HEAD", "GET", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS", "TRACE"]
)
#: Default status codes to be used for ``status_forcelist``
RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES = frozenset([413, 429, 503])
#: Default headers to be used for ``remove_headers_on_redirect``
DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT = frozenset(
["Cookie", "Authorization", "Proxy-Authorization"]
)
#: Default maximum backoff time.
DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX = 120
# Backward compatibility; assigned outside of the class.
DEFAULT: typing.ClassVar[Retry]
def __init__(
self,
total: bool | int | None = 10,
connect: int | None = None,
read: int | None = None,
redirect: bool | int | None = None,
status: int | None = None,
other: int | None = None,
allowed_methods: typing.Collection[str] | None = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS,
status_forcelist: typing.Collection[int] | None = None,
backoff_factor: float = 0,
backoff_max: float = DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX,
raise_on_redirect: bool = True,
raise_on_status: bool = True,
history: tuple[RequestHistory, ...] | None = None,
respect_retry_after_header: bool = True,
remove_headers_on_redirect: typing.Collection[
str
] = DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT,
backoff_jitter: float = 0.0,
) -> None:
self.total = total
self.connect = connect
self.read = read
self.status = status
self.other = other
if redirect is False or total is False:
redirect = 0
raise_on_redirect = False
self.redirect = redirect
self.status_forcelist = status_forcelist or set()
self.allowed_methods = allowed_methods
self.backoff_factor = backoff_factor
self.backoff_max = backoff_max
self.raise_on_redirect = raise_on_redirect
self.raise_on_status = raise_on_status
self.history = history or ()
self.respect_retry_after_header = respect_retry_after_header
self.remove_headers_on_redirect = frozenset(
h.lower() for h in remove_headers_on_redirect
)
self.backoff_jitter = backoff_jitter
def new(self, **kw: typing.Any) -> Self:
params = dict(
total=self.total,
connect=self.connect,
read=self.read,
redirect=self.redirect,
status=self.status,
other=self.other,
allowed_methods=self.allowed_methods,
status_forcelist=self.status_forcelist,
backoff_factor=self.backoff_factor,
backoff_max=self.backoff_max,
raise_on_redirect=self.raise_on_redirect,
raise_on_status=self.raise_on_status,
history=self.history,
remove_headers_on_redirect=self.remove_headers_on_redirect,
respect_retry_after_header=self.respect_retry_after_header,
backoff_jitter=self.backoff_jitter,
)
params.update(kw)
return type(self)(**params) # type: ignore[arg-type]
@classmethod
def from_int(
cls,
retries: Retry | bool | int | None,
redirect: bool | int | None = True,
default: Retry | bool | int | None = None,
) -> Retry:
"""Backwards-compatibility for the old retries format."""
if retries is None:
retries = default if default is not None else cls.DEFAULT
if isinstance(retries, Retry):
return retries
redirect = bool(redirect) and None
new_retries = cls(retries, redirect=redirect)
log.debug("Converted retries value: %r -> %r", retries, new_retries)
return new_retries
def get_backoff_time(self) -> float:
"""Formula for computing the current backoff
:rtype: float
"""
# We want to consider only the last consecutive errors sequence (Ignore redirects).
consecutive_errors_len = len(
list(
takewhile(lambda x: x.redirect_location is None, reversed(self.history))
)
)
if consecutive_errors_len <= 1:
return 0
backoff_value = self.backoff_factor * (2 ** (consecutive_errors_len - 1))
if self.backoff_jitter != 0.0:
backoff_value += random.random() * self.backoff_jitter
return float(max(0, min(self.backoff_max, backoff_value)))
def parse_retry_after(self, retry_after: str) -> float:
seconds: float
# Whitespace: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2.4
if re.match(r"^\s*[0-9]+\s*$", retry_after):
seconds = int(retry_after)
else:
retry_date_tuple = email.utils.parsedate_tz(retry_after)
if retry_date_tuple is None:
raise InvalidHeader(f"Invalid Retry-After header: {retry_after}")
retry_date = email.utils.mktime_tz(retry_date_tuple)
seconds = retry_date - time.time()
seconds = max(seconds, 0)
return seconds
def get_retry_after(self, response: BaseHTTPResponse) -> float | None:
"""Get the value of Retry-After in seconds."""
retry_after = response.headers.get("Retry-After")
if retry_after is None:
return None
return self.parse_retry_after(retry_after)
def sleep_for_retry(self, response: BaseHTTPResponse) -> bool:
retry_after = self.get_retry_after(response)
if retry_after:
time.sleep(retry_after)
return True
return False
def _sleep_backoff(self) -> None:
backoff = self.get_backoff_time()
if backoff <= 0:
return
time.sleep(backoff)
def sleep(self, response: BaseHTTPResponse | None = None) -> None:
"""Sleep between retry attempts.
This method will respect a server's ``Retry-After`` response header
and sleep the duration of the time requested. If that is not present, it
will use an exponential backoff. By default, the backoff factor is 0 and
this method will return immediately.
"""
if self.respect_retry_after_header and response:
slept = self.sleep_for_retry(response)
if slept:
return
self._sleep_backoff()
def _is_connection_error(self, err: Exception) -> bool:
"""Errors when we're fairly sure that the server did not receive the
request, so it should be safe to retry.
"""
if isinstance(err, ProxyError):
err = err.original_error
return isinstance(err, ConnectTimeoutError)
def _is_read_error(self, err: Exception) -> bool:
"""Errors that occur after the request has been started, so we should
assume that the server began processing it.
"""
return isinstance(err, (ReadTimeoutError, ProtocolError))
def _is_method_retryable(self, method: str) -> bool:
"""Checks if a given HTTP method should be retried upon, depending if
it is included in the allowed_methods
"""
if self.allowed_methods and method.upper() not in self.allowed_methods:
return False
return True
def is_retry(
self, method: str, status_code: int, has_retry_after: bool = False
) -> bool:
"""Is this method/status code retryable? (Based on allowlists and control
variables such as the number of total retries to allow, whether to
respect the Retry-After header, whether this header is present, and
whether the returned status code is on the list of status codes to
be retried upon on the presence of the aforementioned header)
"""
if not self._is_method_retryable(method):
return False
if self.status_forcelist and status_code in self.status_forcelist:
return True
return bool(
self.total
and self.respect_retry_after_header
and has_retry_after
and (status_code in self.RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES)
)
def is_exhausted(self) -> bool:
"""Are we out of retries?"""
retry_counts = [
x
for x in (
self.total,
self.connect,
self.read,
self.redirect,
self.status,
self.other,
)
if x
]
if not retry_counts:
return False
return min(retry_counts) < 0
def increment(
self,
method: str | None = None,
url: str | None = None,
response: BaseHTTPResponse | None = None,
error: Exception | None = None,
_pool: ConnectionPool | None = None,
_stacktrace: TracebackType | None = None,
) -> Self:
"""Return a new Retry object with incremented retry counters.
:param response: A response object, or None, if the server did not
return a response.
:type response: :class:`~urllib3.response.BaseHTTPResponse`
:param Exception error: An error encountered during the request, or
None if the response was received successfully.
:return: A new ``Retry`` object.
"""
if self.total is False and error:
# Disabled, indicate to re-raise the error.
raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
total = self.total
if total is not None:
total -= 1
connect = self.connect
read = self.read
redirect = self.redirect
status_count = self.status
other = self.other
cause = "unknown"
status = None
redirect_location = None
if error and self._is_connection_error(error):
# Connect retry?
if connect is False:
raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
elif connect is not None:
connect -= 1
elif error and self._is_read_error(error):
# Read retry?
if read is False or method is None or not self._is_method_retryable(method):
raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
elif read is not None:
read -= 1
elif error:
# Other retry?
if other is not None:
other -= 1
elif response and response.get_redirect_location():
# Redirect retry?
if redirect is not None:
redirect -= 1
cause = "too many redirects"
response_redirect_location = response.get_redirect_location()
if response_redirect_location:
redirect_location = response_redirect_location
status = response.status
else:
# Incrementing because of a server error like a 500 in
# status_forcelist and the given method is in the allowed_methods
cause = ResponseError.GENERIC_ERROR
if response and response.status:
if status_count is not None:
status_count -= 1
cause = ResponseError.SPECIFIC_ERROR.format(status_code=response.status)
status = response.status
history = self.history + (
RequestHistory(method, url, error, status, redirect_location),
)
new_retry = self.new(
total=total,
connect=connect,
read=read,
redirect=redirect,
status=status_count,
other=other,
history=history,
)
if new_retry.is_exhausted():
reason = error or ResponseError(cause)
raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, reason) from reason # type: ignore[arg-type]
log.debug("Incremented Retry for (url='%s'): %r", url, new_retry)
return new_retry
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return (
f"{type(self).__name__}(total={self.total}, connect={self.connect}, "
f"read={self.read}, redirect={self.redirect}, status={self.status})"
)
# For backwards compatibility (equivalent to pre-v1.9):
Retry.DEFAULT = Retry(3)