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aitbc/docs/advanced/05_development/zk-circuits.md
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# ZK Circuits Engine
## Overview
The ZK Circuits Engine provides zero-knowledge proof capabilities for privacy-preserving machine learning operations on the AITBC platform. It enables cryptographic verification of ML computations without revealing the underlying data or model parameters.
## Architecture
### Circuit Library
- **ml_inference_verification.circom**: Verifies neural network inference correctness
- **ml_training_verification.circom**: Verifies gradient descent training without revealing data
- **receipt_simple.circom**: Basic receipt verification (existing)
### Proof System
- **Groth16**: Primary proving system for efficiency
- **Trusted Setup**: Powers-of-tau ceremony for circuit-specific keys
- **Verification Keys**: Pre-computed for each circuit
## Circuit Details
### ML Inference Verification
```circom
pragma circom 2.0.0;
template MLInferenceVerification(INPUT_SIZE, HIDDEN_SIZE, OUTPUT_SIZE) {
signal public input model_id;
signal public input inference_id;
signal public input expected_output[OUTPUT_SIZE];
signal public input output_hash;
signal private input inputs[INPUT_SIZE];
signal private input weights1[HIDDEN_SIZE][INPUT_SIZE];
signal private input biases1[HIDDEN_SIZE];
signal private input weights2[OUTPUT_SIZE][HIDDEN_SIZE];
signal private input biases2[OUTPUT_SIZE];
signal private input inputs_hash;
signal private input weights1_hash;
signal private input biases1_hash;
signal private input weights2_hash;
signal private input biases2_hash;
signal output verification_result;
// ... neural network computation and verification
}
```
**Features:**
- Matrix multiplication verification
- ReLU activation function verification
- Hash-based privacy preservation
- Output correctness verification
### ML Training Verification
```circom
template GradientDescentStep(PARAM_COUNT) {
signal input parameters[PARAM_COUNT];
signal input gradients[PARAM_COUNT];
signal input learning_rate;
signal input parameters_hash;
signal input gradients_hash;
signal output new_parameters[PARAM_COUNT];
signal output new_parameters_hash;
// ... gradient descent computation
}
```
**Features:**
- Gradient descent verification
- Parameter update correctness
- Training data privacy preservation
- Convergence verification
## API Integration
### Proof Generation
```bash
POST /v1/ml-zk/prove/inference
{
"inputs": {
"model_id": "model_123",
"inference_id": "inference_456",
"expected_output": [2.5]
},
"private_inputs": {
"inputs": [1, 2, 3, 4],
"weights1": [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4],
"biases1": [0.1, 0.2]
}
}
```
### Proof Verification
```bash
POST /v1/ml-zk/verify/inference
{
"proof": "...",
"public_signals": [...],
"verification_key": "..."
}
```
## Development Workflow
### Circuit Development
1. Write Circom circuit with templates
2. Compile with `circom circuit.circom --r1cs --wasm --sym --c -o build/`
3. Generate trusted setup with `snarkjs`
4. Export verification key
5. Integrate with ZKProofService
### Testing
- Unit tests for circuit compilation
- Integration tests for proof generation/verification
- Performance benchmarks for proof time
- Memory usage analysis
## Performance Characteristics
- **Circuit Compilation**: ~30-60 seconds
- **Proof Generation**: <2 seconds
- **Proof Verification**: <100ms
- **Circuit Size**: ~10-50KB compiled
- **Security Level**: 128-bit equivalent
## Security Considerations
- **Trusted Setup**: Powers-of-tau ceremony properly executed
- **Circuit Correctness**: Thorough mathematical verification
- **Input Validation**: Proper bounds checking on all signals
- **Side Channel Protection**: Constant-time operations where possible
## Future Enhancements
- **PLONK/STARK Integration**: Alternative proving systems
- **Recursive Proofs**: Proof composition for complex workflows
- **Hardware Acceleration**: GPU-accelerated proof generation
- **Multi-party Computation**: Distributed proof generation