Update 2025-04-13_16:26:04
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"""distutils.fancy_getopt
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Wrapper around the standard getopt module that provides the following
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additional features:
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* short and long options are tied together
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* options have help strings, so fancy_getopt could potentially
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create a complete usage summary
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* options set attributes of a passed-in object
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"""
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import sys
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import string
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import re
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import getopt
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from .errors import DistutilsGetoptError, DistutilsArgError
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# Much like command_re in distutils.core, this is close to but not quite
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# the same as a Python NAME -- except, in the spirit of most GNU
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# utilities, we use '-' in place of '_'. (The spirit of LISP lives on!)
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# The similarities to NAME are again not a coincidence...
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longopt_pat = r'[a-zA-Z](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]*)'
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longopt_re = re.compile(r'^%s$' % longopt_pat)
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# For recognizing "negative alias" options, eg. "quiet=!verbose"
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neg_alias_re = re.compile("^({})=!({})$".format(longopt_pat, longopt_pat))
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# This is used to translate long options to legitimate Python identifiers
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# (for use as attributes of some object).
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longopt_xlate = str.maketrans('-', '_')
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class FancyGetopt:
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"""Wrapper around the standard 'getopt()' module that provides some
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handy extra functionality:
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* short and long options are tied together
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* options have help strings, and help text can be assembled
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from them
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* options set attributes of a passed-in object
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* boolean options can have "negative aliases" -- eg. if
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--quiet is the "negative alias" of --verbose, then "--quiet"
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on the command line sets 'verbose' to false
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"""
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def __init__(self, option_table=None):
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# The option table is (currently) a list of tuples. The
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# tuples may have 3 or four values:
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# (long_option, short_option, help_string [, repeatable])
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# if an option takes an argument, its long_option should have '='
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# appended; short_option should just be a single character, no ':'
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# in any case. If a long_option doesn't have a corresponding
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# short_option, short_option should be None. All option tuples
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# must have long options.
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self.option_table = option_table
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# 'option_index' maps long option names to entries in the option
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# table (ie. those 3-tuples).
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self.option_index = {}
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if self.option_table:
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self._build_index()
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# 'alias' records (duh) alias options; {'foo': 'bar'} means
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# --foo is an alias for --bar
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self.alias = {}
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# 'negative_alias' keeps track of options that are the boolean
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# opposite of some other option
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self.negative_alias = {}
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# These keep track of the information in the option table. We
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# don't actually populate these structures until we're ready to
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# parse the command-line, since the 'option_table' passed in here
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# isn't necessarily the final word.
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self.short_opts = []
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self.long_opts = []
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self.short2long = {}
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self.attr_name = {}
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self.takes_arg = {}
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# And 'option_order' is filled up in 'getopt()'; it records the
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# original order of options (and their values) on the command-line,
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# but expands short options, converts aliases, etc.
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self.option_order = []
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def _build_index(self):
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self.option_index.clear()
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for option in self.option_table:
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self.option_index[option[0]] = option
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def set_option_table(self, option_table):
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self.option_table = option_table
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self._build_index()
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def add_option(self, long_option, short_option=None, help_string=None):
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if long_option in self.option_index:
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raise DistutilsGetoptError(
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"option conflict: already an option '%s'" % long_option
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)
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else:
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option = (long_option, short_option, help_string)
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self.option_table.append(option)
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self.option_index[long_option] = option
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def has_option(self, long_option):
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"""Return true if the option table for this parser has an
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option with long name 'long_option'."""
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return long_option in self.option_index
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def get_attr_name(self, long_option):
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"""Translate long option name 'long_option' to the form it
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has as an attribute of some object: ie., translate hyphens
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to underscores."""
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return long_option.translate(longopt_xlate)
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def _check_alias_dict(self, aliases, what):
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assert isinstance(aliases, dict)
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for (alias, opt) in aliases.items():
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if alias not in self.option_index:
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raise DistutilsGetoptError(
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("invalid %s '%s': " "option '%s' not defined")
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% (what, alias, alias)
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)
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if opt not in self.option_index:
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raise DistutilsGetoptError(
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("invalid %s '%s': " "aliased option '%s' not defined")
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% (what, alias, opt)
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)
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def set_aliases(self, alias):
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"""Set the aliases for this option parser."""
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self._check_alias_dict(alias, "alias")
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self.alias = alias
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def set_negative_aliases(self, negative_alias):
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"""Set the negative aliases for this option parser.
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'negative_alias' should be a dictionary mapping option names to
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option names, both the key and value must already be defined
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in the option table."""
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self._check_alias_dict(negative_alias, "negative alias")
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self.negative_alias = negative_alias
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def _grok_option_table(self): # noqa: C901
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"""Populate the various data structures that keep tabs on the
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option table. Called by 'getopt()' before it can do anything
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worthwhile.
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"""
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self.long_opts = []
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self.short_opts = []
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self.short2long.clear()
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self.repeat = {}
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for option in self.option_table:
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if len(option) == 3:
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long, short, help = option
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repeat = 0
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elif len(option) == 4:
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long, short, help, repeat = option
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else:
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# the option table is part of the code, so simply
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# assert that it is correct
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raise ValueError("invalid option tuple: {!r}".format(option))
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# Type- and value-check the option names
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if not isinstance(long, str) or len(long) < 2:
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raise DistutilsGetoptError(
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("invalid long option '%s': " "must be a string of length >= 2")
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% long
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)
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if not ((short is None) or (isinstance(short, str) and len(short) == 1)):
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raise DistutilsGetoptError(
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"invalid short option '%s': "
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"must a single character or None" % short
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)
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self.repeat[long] = repeat
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self.long_opts.append(long)
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if long[-1] == '=': # option takes an argument?
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if short:
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short = short + ':'
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long = long[0:-1]
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self.takes_arg[long] = 1
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else:
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# Is option is a "negative alias" for some other option (eg.
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# "quiet" == "!verbose")?
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alias_to = self.negative_alias.get(long)
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if alias_to is not None:
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if self.takes_arg[alias_to]:
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raise DistutilsGetoptError(
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"invalid negative alias '%s': "
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"aliased option '%s' takes a value" % (long, alias_to)
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)
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self.long_opts[-1] = long # XXX redundant?!
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self.takes_arg[long] = 0
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# If this is an alias option, make sure its "takes arg" flag is
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# the same as the option it's aliased to.
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alias_to = self.alias.get(long)
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if alias_to is not None:
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if self.takes_arg[long] != self.takes_arg[alias_to]:
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raise DistutilsGetoptError(
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"invalid alias '%s': inconsistent with "
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"aliased option '%s' (one of them takes a value, "
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"the other doesn't" % (long, alias_to)
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)
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# Now enforce some bondage on the long option name, so we can
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# later translate it to an attribute name on some object. Have
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# to do this a bit late to make sure we've removed any trailing
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# '='.
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if not longopt_re.match(long):
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raise DistutilsGetoptError(
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"invalid long option name '%s' "
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"(must be letters, numbers, hyphens only" % long
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)
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self.attr_name[long] = self.get_attr_name(long)
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if short:
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self.short_opts.append(short)
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self.short2long[short[0]] = long
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def getopt(self, args=None, object=None): # noqa: C901
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"""Parse command-line options in args. Store as attributes on object.
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If 'args' is None or not supplied, uses 'sys.argv[1:]'. If
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'object' is None or not supplied, creates a new OptionDummy
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object, stores option values there, and returns a tuple (args,
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object). If 'object' is supplied, it is modified in place and
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'getopt()' just returns 'args'; in both cases, the returned
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'args' is a modified copy of the passed-in 'args' list, which
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is left untouched.
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"""
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if args is None:
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args = sys.argv[1:]
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if object is None:
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object = OptionDummy()
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created_object = True
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else:
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created_object = False
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self._grok_option_table()
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short_opts = ' '.join(self.short_opts)
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try:
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opts, args = getopt.getopt(args, short_opts, self.long_opts)
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except getopt.error as msg:
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raise DistutilsArgError(msg)
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for opt, val in opts:
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if len(opt) == 2 and opt[0] == '-': # it's a short option
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opt = self.short2long[opt[1]]
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else:
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assert len(opt) > 2 and opt[:2] == '--'
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opt = opt[2:]
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alias = self.alias.get(opt)
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if alias:
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opt = alias
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if not self.takes_arg[opt]: # boolean option?
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assert val == '', "boolean option can't have value"
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alias = self.negative_alias.get(opt)
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if alias:
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opt = alias
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val = 0
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else:
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val = 1
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attr = self.attr_name[opt]
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# The only repeating option at the moment is 'verbose'.
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# It has a negative option -q quiet, which should set verbose = 0.
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if val and self.repeat.get(attr) is not None:
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val = getattr(object, attr, 0) + 1
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setattr(object, attr, val)
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self.option_order.append((opt, val))
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# for opts
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if created_object:
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return args, object
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else:
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return args
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def get_option_order(self):
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"""Returns the list of (option, value) tuples processed by the
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previous run of 'getopt()'. Raises RuntimeError if
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'getopt()' hasn't been called yet.
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"""
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if self.option_order is None:
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raise RuntimeError("'getopt()' hasn't been called yet")
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else:
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return self.option_order
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def generate_help(self, header=None): # noqa: C901
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"""Generate help text (a list of strings, one per suggested line of
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output) from the option table for this FancyGetopt object.
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"""
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# Blithely assume the option table is good: probably wouldn't call
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# 'generate_help()' unless you've already called 'getopt()'.
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# First pass: determine maximum length of long option names
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max_opt = 0
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for option in self.option_table:
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long = option[0]
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short = option[1]
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ell = len(long)
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if long[-1] == '=':
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ell = ell - 1
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if short is not None:
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ell = ell + 5 # " (-x)" where short == 'x'
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if ell > max_opt:
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max_opt = ell
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opt_width = max_opt + 2 + 2 + 2 # room for indent + dashes + gutter
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# Typical help block looks like this:
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# --foo controls foonabulation
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# Help block for longest option looks like this:
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# --flimflam set the flim-flam level
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# and with wrapped text:
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# --flimflam set the flim-flam level (must be between
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# 0 and 100, except on Tuesdays)
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# Options with short names will have the short name shown (but
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# it doesn't contribute to max_opt):
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# --foo (-f) controls foonabulation
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# If adding the short option would make the left column too wide,
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# we push the explanation off to the next line
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# --flimflam (-l)
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# set the flim-flam level
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# Important parameters:
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# - 2 spaces before option block start lines
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# - 2 dashes for each long option name
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# - min. 2 spaces between option and explanation (gutter)
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# - 5 characters (incl. space) for short option name
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# Now generate lines of help text. (If 80 columns were good enough
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# for Jesus, then 78 columns are good enough for me!)
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line_width = 78
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text_width = line_width - opt_width
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big_indent = ' ' * opt_width
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if header:
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lines = [header]
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else:
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lines = ['Option summary:']
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for option in self.option_table:
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long, short, help = option[:3]
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text = wrap_text(help, text_width)
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if long[-1] == '=':
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long = long[0:-1]
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# Case 1: no short option at all (makes life easy)
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if short is None:
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if text:
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lines.append(" --%-*s %s" % (max_opt, long, text[0]))
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else:
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lines.append(" --%-*s " % (max_opt, long))
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# Case 2: we have a short option, so we have to include it
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# just after the long option
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else:
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opt_names = "{} (-{})".format(long, short)
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if text:
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lines.append(" --%-*s %s" % (max_opt, opt_names, text[0]))
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else:
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lines.append(" --%-*s" % opt_names)
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for ell in text[1:]:
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lines.append(big_indent + ell)
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return lines
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def print_help(self, header=None, file=None):
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if file is None:
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file = sys.stdout
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for line in self.generate_help(header):
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file.write(line + "\n")
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def fancy_getopt(options, negative_opt, object, args):
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parser = FancyGetopt(options)
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parser.set_negative_aliases(negative_opt)
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return parser.getopt(args, object)
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WS_TRANS = {ord(_wschar): ' ' for _wschar in string.whitespace}
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def wrap_text(text, width):
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"""wrap_text(text : string, width : int) -> [string]
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Split 'text' into multiple lines of no more than 'width' characters
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each, and return the list of strings that results.
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"""
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if text is None:
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return []
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if len(text) <= width:
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return [text]
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text = text.expandtabs()
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text = text.translate(WS_TRANS)
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chunks = re.split(r'( +|-+)', text)
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chunks = [ch for ch in chunks if ch] # ' - ' results in empty strings
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lines = []
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while chunks:
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cur_line = [] # list of chunks (to-be-joined)
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cur_len = 0 # length of current line
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while chunks:
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ell = len(chunks[0])
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if cur_len + ell <= width: # can squeeze (at least) this chunk in
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cur_line.append(chunks[0])
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del chunks[0]
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cur_len = cur_len + ell
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else: # this line is full
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# drop last chunk if all space
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if cur_line and cur_line[-1][0] == ' ':
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del cur_line[-1]
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break
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if chunks: # any chunks left to process?
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# if the current line is still empty, then we had a single
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# chunk that's too big too fit on a line -- so we break
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# down and break it up at the line width
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if cur_len == 0:
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cur_line.append(chunks[0][0:width])
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chunks[0] = chunks[0][width:]
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# all-whitespace chunks at the end of a line can be discarded
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# (and we know from the re.split above that if a chunk has
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# *any* whitespace, it is *all* whitespace)
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if chunks[0][0] == ' ':
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del chunks[0]
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# and store this line in the list-of-all-lines -- as a single
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# string, of course!
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lines.append(''.join(cur_line))
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return lines
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def translate_longopt(opt):
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"""Convert a long option name to a valid Python identifier by
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changing "-" to "_".
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"""
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return opt.translate(longopt_xlate)
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class OptionDummy:
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"""Dummy class just used as a place to hold command-line option
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values as instance attributes."""
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def __init__(self, options=[]):
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"""Create a new OptionDummy instance. The attributes listed in
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'options' will be initialized to None."""
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for opt in options:
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setattr(self, opt, None)
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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text = """\
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Tra-la-la, supercalifragilisticexpialidocious.
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How *do* you spell that odd word, anyways?
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(Someone ask Mary -- she'll know [or she'll
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say, "How should I know?"].)"""
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for w in (10, 20, 30, 40):
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print("width: %d" % w)
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print("\n".join(wrap_text(text, w)))
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print()
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